Rhombencephalon
With Rhombencephalon or hindbrain an area of is the brain of vertebrates referred that during early embryogenesis of the central nervous system is created and at the spinal cord connects well to the midbrain ( mesencephalon borders).
The rhombencephalon is divided into
- Metencephalon (hindbrain), consisting of pons (bridge) and cerebellum (cerebellum)
- Myelencephalon (medullary brain), also medulla oblongata (elongated marrow)
The cerebellum sits on the back of the remaining parts of the hindbrain and, together with the medullary cusps, forms the roof of the fourth ventricle ( ventriculus quartus ). The floor of the fourth ventricle is formed by the pons and medulla oblongata and, with its diamond-shaped ( rhombic ) base, gives its name to the so-called rhombus pit ( fossa rhomboidea ) as well as for the entire brain area, the rhombus.
The embryonic curvature of the bend of the bridge ( flexura pontina ) is what gives it its shape , with which this area of the brain is bent in and its two dorsal wing plates are folded sideways, so that their edges, as diamond lips, enclose the thin cover plate, which is drawn out in the shape of a diamond. The rostral areas of the rhombus lips are assigned to the metencephalon and represent the system of the cerebellum.
The belonging together of the parts of the rhombencephalon shows itself in close functional relationships and is explained by the embryonic origin of the brain or its phylogenetic development. In vertebrates, the brain develops from the anterior neural tube. Its structure appears as a three-bubble structure through different growth in the early phase. The later parts of the rhombencephalon emerge from the rear of these three primary brain vesicles . The forebrain (arises from the anterior cerebral vesicles forebrain ) with later brain regions of telencephalon and diencephalon that, from the middle bubbles midbrain .
literature
- Martin Trepel: Neuroanatomy. 4th edition. Elsevier - Urban & Fischer, 2008, ISBN 978-3-437-41298-1 .
- Franz-Viktor Salomon: nervous system, systema nervosum. In: FV. Salomon, H. Geyer, U. Gille (ed.): Anatomy for veterinary medicine . Enke, Stuttgart 2004, ISBN 3-8304-1007-7 , pp. 464-577.
