Riedlingsdorf

Riedlingsdorf (Hungarian: Rödöny) is a market town in the Oberwart district in Burgenland in Austria , which is located in the upper Pinkatal and has around 1,600 inhabitants (as of 2017).

The place, which was first mentioned in 1331, was founded as a forest hoof village within the Hungarian border protection system Gyepű . Initially belonging to the Bernstein rule , it later became part of the Pinkafeld rule and was part of western Hungary for centuries through this affiliation. Military conflicts such as the First Austrian Turkish War or the Kuruc uprisings repeatedly led to severe destruction and great human losses.

Before the village became part of Austria as part of the Burgenland conquest in 1921, it was hit by a wave of emigration at the beginning of the 20th century, during which more than 10% of the population dared to start over in the United States . While both world wars led to numerous casualties among the male population of Riedlingsdorf, the village was spared direct combat operations during World War II .

During the 20th century, the appearance of the village changed radically. In the beginning rural structures dominated, over time many locals became commuters who earned their living in Vienna as craftsmen and workers. Due to the economic boom in the region over the past three decades, Riedlingsdorf is now pursuing the concept of a residential community that tries to attract young families who find work at the local level.

geography

location

The community is located in the north-west of southern Burgenland in the upper Pinkatal at the foothills of the change area (Bernsteiner Bergland in the northeast, Bucklige Welt in the northwest, Joglland in the west), which merges seamlessly into the southern Burgenland hill country . The landscape is dominated by gentle hills and, in large areas, by the changeable massif. To the south the valley of the Pinka opens, the limiting elevations no longer reach the same height as those in the north of the village.

Community structure

The community is divided into the following districts:

Untertrum (southeastern district, east of the Pinka)
Mitteltrum (central district, east of the Pinka)
Obertrum (northern district, east of the Pinka)
Neudörfl (northeastern district, east of the Pinka)
Unteranger (southwestern district, west of the Pinka)
Oberanger (northwestern district, west of the Pinka)

Neighboring communities

	Pinkafeld	Wiesfleck
Loipersdorf Kitzladen		Top riflemen
Allhau market	Oberwart

There is a direct road connection to the two neighboring cities of Pinkafeld and Oberwart with Steinamangerer Straße , whereby you usually drive to Pinkafeld via the L264 (Riedlingsdorfer Straße) . After Buchschachen , a district of the neighboring village of Markt Allhau, leads to the L360 (Buchschachener Street) also a direct road. The neighboring town of Oberschützen can be reached via an asphalted goods road, which after two kilometers joins the L235 (Pinkafelder Straße) leading from Pinkafeld to Oberschützen. There is no direct road connection to the neighboring town of Loipersdorf-Kitzladen .

Flora and fauna

The basic consolidation in the 1980s, in order to preserve machine-friendly property structures, led to a massive intervention in the cultural landscape of the place and thus also to a change in the habitat of animals and plants. In addition to these areas optimized for agriculture, there are still areas in which a great diversity of species has been preserved. One kilometer south of the village, for example, there is a one-hectare marshmallow meadow , which was created through extensive grassland cultivation and which is home to plant species such as swamp yarrow , meadow rue and Siberian iris , which are rare for the region .

In some places in the local area, such as east of the cemetery, there are orchards with local fruit varieties. In the vicinity of these meadows, an inventory carried out in 2011 revealed endangered meadow plants such as heather carnation or large-flowered brown ella .

There is a rare bee-eater colony on the former brickworks mining area.

In the forests around Riedlingsdorf , as in many other parts of Central Europe , the spruce has been the dominant tree species since the beginning of the 18th century. Climatic changes in recent decades and massive bark beetle infestation put this spruce population under increasing pressure, so that hurricane events like the one in 2017 led to major damage to the forest. Since the funding guidelines of the Burgenland state government also exclude funding for the reforestation of spruce forests, the forests around Riedlingsdorf will be subject to extensive change in the next few years, because forest owners usually only use more deciduous trees for reforestation of the forest areas damaged by storms and bark beetles.

A specialty is the bee-eater colony located in Riedlingsdorf in the abandoned mining area of the local brickworks. The clay mining, which ceased in the mid-2000s, left a step-shaped excavation pit with large steep walls in which the bee-eaters build their nests. In addition to the Riedlingsdorf breeding colony, there is only one more colony in the whole of southern Burgenland in a sand pit north of Pinkafeld.

history

Neolithic

In the Neolithic Age more than 6000 years ago, the Pinkatal and the hill country around Riedlingsdorf were covered by thick oak and hornbeam forests. Only along the Pinka itself was there a narrow strip of open bushland that had been created by the floods of the stream.

Excavation 2002: Lampelfeld hut foundation, age approx. 6000 years

The fact that the area around Riedlingsdorf was roamed by Neolithic hunters and collectors was proven on the one hand by the discovery of a clay pot in Oberwart that could be attributed to the Lengyel culture , and on the other by the discovery of the foundations of a hut on the Ortsried Lampelfeld , in the north of Riedlingsdorf borders on Pinkafeld. This find was made in 2002 in the course of an excavation that was actually carried out by the Landesmuseum Burgenland to investigate the remains of kilns from the Latène period , which were made there around 4,000 years later. When the foundations of the hut were discovered, the archaeologists were also able to recover a stone spoon on the floor of the hut, which the excavators estimated to be around 6000 years old. This artifact is exhibited today in the Pinkafeld City Museum.

La Tène time

During the excavation carried out in Lampelfeld in 2002 by the archaeologists of the Landesmuseum Burgenland, numerous remains of former kilns from the Latène period were located. With these ovens, the Celts in the Pinkatal produced part of Ferrum noricum , the Noric iron , which was very popular in the Roman Empire . The necessary raw material, limonite , was mined by the Celtic ore miners in the area of today's Riedlingsdorf using the Duckelbau method on a nearby hill, the so-called Kalvarienberg. They obtained the charcoal required for the smelting process from the surrounding forests.

The remnants of the Rennöfen, more precisely the slag left over from the incineration process , can be found today in the municipality in the form of small clumps of slag scattered across the fields on the west side of the Pinka. A tap cake weighing around 80 kilograms was accidentally found while the archaeologists in the north of Riedlingsdorf were carrying out their excavation campaign during dredging work in the south of the village. The emergency excavation that was then carried out brought to light not only a six-layer tapping cake, but also the remains of an overlying post structure. Due to the found graphite clay ceramics and nozzle brick fragments, the archaeologists were able to date the find to the late Iron Age.

Roman times

In the municipality of Riedlingsdorf, as in the neighboring municipalities, there are numerous groups of barrows . The distance between these groups of graves suggests that there were several Roman or Celtic settlements, although it has not yet been possible to detect such traces of settlement, also due to the dense forest cover. The large number of graves in the municipality also suggests that a road led through the area of today's Riedlingsdorf. Historically proven is a road from Hartberg to Steinamanger ( Savaria ), as well as a road from Hartberg to Aspang . The presumed road through Riedlingsdorf could have been a connecting road between the above-mentioned traffic routes.

Between 1901 and 1910, the local teacher Johann Posch, together with other interested people, carried out various excavations at a total of eight burial mounds from five different grave groups, in which the archaeologists F. Hautmann and A. von Rottauscher subsequently also took part. For example, ashes with bone fragments were found in a chamber walled with field stones, which had a diameter of 1.5 meters. The excavators also found remains of weapons, buckles and coins. The coins date from the first four centuries after the birth of Christ and bear the images of the Roman emperors Augustus , Tiberius , Nerva , Trajan , Caracalla , Antoninus Pius , Constantius I and Constantius II.

Johann Posch documented his excavation activities in the form of drawings and reports. He sent individual finds and parts of his documentation to various people and institutions. Some of these artifacts ended up in the Burgenland State Museum, others are considered lost. In 1933, two years after Johann Posch's death, the prehistorian Julius Caspart edited his estate and published a report on the Roman burial mounds of Riedlingsdorf.

Migration and Avar times

For the period of the Great Migration and the rule of the Avars, there are no finds in the area of the upper Pinka Valley as is definitely the case in central and northern Burgenland, at least for the Avar period.

An analysis of river names like Pinka or diving as well as place names like Allhau , Goberling , Grodnau , Jormannsdorf , Schlaining and Rechnitz suggests a Slavic origin. It could therefore be that there were individual Slavic settlements before the Hungarian conquest.

The area around Riedlingsdorf was first mentioned in documents in the 9th century, when a property in the area of the Upper Pinka was transferred to the Archdiocese of Salzburg . Associated with this donation is the assumption that it also caused the first settlers to flood into the country from what was later to become Germany.

The Magyar settlement of the upper Pinkatal

The Gyepűsystem with inner castles, border wasteland (Gyepűelve), observers and archers

The coat of arms of Oberwart with the border guard in the middle

In the year 900 the Magyar horsemen finally occupied Pannonia and thus also the area of today's Burgenland, after crossing the Eastern Carpathians between 894 and 897 . His further expansion efforts towards the west were stopped in 955 in the battle of the Lechfeld , Emperor Heinrich III. succeeded in moving the border of the Holy Roman Empire back to the Leitha and Lafnitz rivers in 1043. To protect their western border, the Magyars built the Gyepü system, a deeply staggered defense system consisting of entanglements , tree barriers and flood devices . In front of this system was the Gyepüelve, the border wasteland, where guards and their families were settled and mounted patrols were used for surveillance.

The area of today's Riedlingsdorf was in the middle of this border wasteland. About five kilometers south of the current village, so-called border guards, in Hungarian örök, settled . The names of places whose origins can be found in such border guard settlements end with the letters őr , such as Oberwart, five kilometers to the south ( Felsőőr in Hungarian ) or Unterwart ( Alsóőr ), ten kilometers further south . Together with the former border guards settlement Siget in der Wart ( Őrisziget ) they formed the Wart . The Unterwart historian Karl Seper suspected that the border guards who were settled in the Wart were members of the Szekler , a people who also performed border security services for the Magyar Empire in Transylvania , the Szeklerland . He based his theory on numerous similarities in family names and costume.

The border guards of the Wart formed a light cavalry, which during their patrol rides also repeatedly crossed the area of today's Riedlingsdorf to inspect the defenses on the Lafnitz and the upper reaches of the Pinka. Historians also suspect that a moated castle was built between Riedlingsdorf and Oberwart to strengthen this defense system. In addition to the light cavalry, there was a second form of border protection in the border wasteland with the lövő , the archers. The two neighboring towns of Oberschützen ( Felsőlövő ) and Unterschützen ( Alsólövő ) have their origins in such military settlements .

In contrast to the later residents of Riedlingsdorf, who as farmers were dependent on a noble landlord, these border guards enjoyed a special position in the feudal system that dominated society for the next few centuries . Even when the Gyepü system became obsolete due to advances in military technology and was replaced by a chain of castles, the inhabitants of the Wart still had a higher social position than the inhabitants of the surrounding villages. After the German colonization of the border region, they formed a Hungarian language island at the end of the 13th century. They did not always live in peace with their neighbors, so in later times there were border disputes with the Riedlingsdorfers for decades. Particularly fatal was the fact that the Hungarian-speaking inhabitants of the Wart mostly sided with the rebels during the uprisings that rolled up from central Hungary in the 17th and 18th centuries, which resulted in real armed conflicts with their neighbors.

The German settlement of the border region and the Lords of Güns

The German settlement of today's Burgenland is inextricably linked with the Lords of Güns , who are often referred to in Burgenland historiography as the Counts of Güssing . They were an aristocratic family from Styria that determined events in what is now southern Burgenland for almost 200 years from the middle of the 12th century. In their wake, colonists from Styria and Lower Austria were settled. This settlement was carried out according to plan, because the new villages were laid out according to the scheme of German colonization in the east. Such typical village forms were depending on local conditions, the road , Anger- and lines village or, as in the case of Riedlingsdorf the Waldhufendorf , which initially consisted mostly of 20 to 30 yards. Further indications of German settlement at this time are that in Hungarian documents of the 13th century the term fiefdom was used for a farm and mining law for the loan form of the vineyards. In addition, linguistics locates the dialect, which was later spoken in Riedlingsdorf and the surrounding German-populated towns, in the Danube-Bavarian region with the focus between Regensburg and Passau .

We can only speculate about when Riedlingsdorf was actually founded. Historians assume that the German settlement of what is now southern Burgenland was complete at the end of the 13th century. According to this, the village must have been founded before 1300. During this time there were more acts of war at the local level, which culminated in the Güssing feud . Previously, around 1271, the Hungarian border guards had been driven out by upper and lower riflemen after they had sided with the defeated Günser in a conflict between the Lords of Güns and the Hungarian King Stephan V. The two villages were then repopulated with German colonists after 1271. At the end of the Güssing feud in 1289, Duke Albrecht I of Habsburg moved with an army of 15,000 through the West Hungarian lands of the Lords of Güns and destroyed numerous settlements. The fortifications of Pinkafeld were also stormed by the Austrians, a possibly existing Riedlingsdorf would probably have been destroyed here as well, so some indications point to the 1290s as a possible founding decade.

First documented mention in 1331

The first known documentary mention of Riedlingsdorf with the name RADOMFALVA comes from this year . On August 21 of this year, the notary Paul and the aristocratic judge Lukas of the Eisenburg county inspected the holdings of Buchschachen and Allhau and their neighboring towns. A certificate was issued on September 1, 1331 by the chapter of Michael’s Church in Eisenburg . The original no longer exists today, a copy is in the Hungarian State Archives . The two men begin their tour on the border between Loipersdorf and Grafenschachen and then reach the Hotter of Pinkafeld.

The decisive reference to Riedlingsdorf is in the following text passage of the certificate:

“From this border mark, marked by a cherry tree, the border leads back to a south-facing section when you climb a hill, then falls down to a large old path and forms the border to the RADOMFALVA to the east. If you continue on the same path, you come to two boundary marks made of earth in the valley of Kövessfö, on which two oaks stand, where Oberwart to the east and Buchschachen to the west border. "

Part of the Bernstein reign 1289–1664

Riedlingsdorf was part of the Bernstein rule from 1291 to 1659

The Güssing feud came to an end on August 26, 1291 with the Peace of Hainburg . As a direct consequence of this peace agreement, Duke Albrecht I of Habsburg had to return the conquered territories in western Hungary to the Lords of Güns. The area around Riedlingsdorf was part of the Bernstein rule for more than 350 years .

But even in the decades that followed, the border region did not come to rest, especially because the Lords of Güns repeatedly fought against the Hungarian kings. In 1336 their last uprising finally failed and around this time their rule Bernstein was confiscated as a crown property. While its center, Bernstein Castle , fell into disrepair over the next few years, Pinkafeld was given special privileges in the following decades and became the most important place in the dominion. This development also had a positive effect for Riedlingsdorf, because the village developed in the slipstream of its northern neighbor into the second largest village under the rule.

In 1388 King Sigismund's rule of Bernstein was pledged to the Kanizsay family , and in 1392 it was given to them. The Kanizsays tried to revitalize Bernstein Castle. After the death of Johannes von Kanizsay in 1418, the king appointed two administrators for his underage son, who literally plundered the rule in their favor. Three citizens of Pinkafelder and a Thomas von Rudingstorff then called on King Sigismund. This Thomas von Rudingstorff was the first resident of the village of Riedlingsdorf, whose name was mentioned in a document. The four delegates complained about the far too high taxes to the landlords, which would force the farmers either to leave their villages or to starve. The Pinkafeld market and the local villages would therefore be deserted. King Sigismund then reprimanded the two administrators and ordered them to protect the rights of their subjects.

In 1445 King Friedrich III marched . in western Hungary and annexed the area, including the Bernstein rule and with it the village of Riedlingsdorf. Pinkafeld and the surrounding villages opposed this measure, and it is said that there were "murderous acts".

Desolations in the vicinity of Riedlingsdorf

While numerous villages were founded in today's Burgenland at the beginning of the late Middle Ages , many of these villages or individual farmstead groups, so-called "Prädien", were given up again in the 14th and 15th centuries. Historians also suspect two such "remote villages" or desolations in the immediate vicinity of Riedlingsdorf .

Historians locate the first of these devastations, a predicate, in the northeast corner of the Riedlingsdorfer Hotter, where it meets the borders of Pinkafeld, Wiesfleck and Oberschützen. This homestead group was mentioned in documents under the name Chiken or Bralanchchykun or Brachlandchyken . The name Zicken is in these names , so historians assume that this desert was on the upper reaches of the Zickenbach. The vineyards adjoining this point in Riedlingsdorf have the names Ödenberg , Kreuth and Steinbruch , but beyond the Riedlingsdorfer hotter border there is the vineyard goat .

Historians suspect a second desertification halfway between Riedlingsdorf and Oberwart. It is also assumed that it could be the abandoned town of Borchnau or Borthnau . On the border with Oberwart and Oberschützen, on the Schützen side, there is the field name Warthenau (also Wortennau or Warterau ), which has been proven since the 16th century , which in the argument of historians could in turn refer to Borchau or Borthnau . In documents from the 17th century, a ruin was mentioned that was still there at that time. The fact that, in addition, documents document border disputes regarding the affiliation of this vineyard to one of the three neighboring communities, also suggests, in the opinion of historians, a desertification at this point. At the beginning of the 19th century there was a forest inn nearby, which served the band of robbers Stradafüßler and their leader, the lumberjack seppl , as a retreat.

In the 1960s, the Riedlingsdorf headmaster Johann Huber created an unpublished history of the town. He also dealt with the existence of a deserted village. According to this, there was a story in Riedlingsdorf that was passed on over many generations and was about an abandoned village that was about a half-hour walk south. Huber further argued that the adjoining the Warthenau Riedlingsdorf Dorfer Ried village instead or Dorstatt or Torfstatt is. While in his opinion the first two names indicate a settlement, as he goes on to explain , the term Torfstatt could also describe the mining of peat in this swampy area in the Middle Ages. He also mentioned the incident that in 1928 water drainage ditches were dug in the Ried Dorfstatt, which resulted in a wide, gravel road system. The teacher Johann Stubenvoll, who was then working in Riedlingsdorf, therefore prepared a report of this find, which he passed on to the Burgenland State Museum.

First belonging to Austria 1463–1664

The now emperor Friedrich III. claimed the Hungarian royal crown in 1459 and came into conflict with the elected King Matthias Corvinus . On April 14, 1459 units of Matthias Corvinus attacked the troops of Friedrich III. on the Lampelfeld , that historical Ortsried between Riedlingsdorf and Pinkafeld. In the 17th or 18th century, the battlefield on the Pinkafelder side was marked with a wayside shrine, the so-called "battle cross". The conflict was finally settled on July 19, 1463 by the Peace of Ödenburg, whereby the rule of Bernstein and thus also Riedlingsdorf finally passed into the possession of Friedrich and thus became part of Austria for the first time.

Emperor Friedrich III. was attacked by Hungarian troops on April 14, 1459 at Lampelfeld
Wayside shrine on the Lampelfeld between Pinkafeld and Riedlingsdorf, which reminds of the battle
Inscription on the battle cross

The noble family of Königsberg

Coat of arms of the Königsberg family on the Seebenstein parish church

In the next few years, Emperor Friedrich III. various personalities with the leadership of the Bernstein rule before it was transferred to Hans von Königsberg around 1486 . Five generations of this noble family determined the fate of the rulers and thus also the village of Riedlingsdorf until 1664. With Ehrenreich II. And his son Christoph II. There were also men who had great influence as presidents of the court war council with the respective rulers . In addition to military abilities, she was distinguished by a special gift for organization and a special sense of justice, so that the Bernstein rule flourished under her leadership in the 16th century, despite warlike catastrophes that hit her again and again. The Königsbergers confessed to Flazianism , a strict form of Protestantism , and thus brought the Protestant faith into the communities of the Bernstein rule. Christoph II von Königsberg called Jeremias Dissinger from Weimar to Pinkafeld as the first Protestant pastor in 1576 , whose sermons were also followed by many Riedlingsdorfers.

Turkish years 1529 and 1532

The expansion efforts of the Ottoman Empire led in 1529 to Vienna being besieged by the Ottoman army under Grand Vizier Ibrahim Pascha from September 27 to October 14, 1529 . Canceled the siege three days later appeared, Turkey on October 18, in the area of Pinkafeld and Riedlingsdorf bands of the so-called Akıncı which wreaked not only here, but subsequently also in Eastern Styria severe devastation to get their pay by Earning looting and slave trading .

The real catastrophe hit the region in 1532 when the Ottoman army under Ibrahim Pascha marched against Vienna again. This giant army besieged Güns on the way to Vienna . Contrary to expectations, the few defenders were able to successfully resist. Since the season was already advanced and a large Christian army had gathered around Vienna, Sultan Suleyman I decided to break off the siege and withdraw his armed forces. This led the Ottomans first to the south-west into Eastern Styria and then further south past Graz . On the way to Styria, branches of the army also passed the area of Riedlingsdorf. Like Pinkafeld and many other villages in the area, the village was razed to the ground.

This devastation was described in the contemporary work of Deschelalsade Nisandschibaschi: "The German land was burned and scorched all around, the pure air of the sky mixed with thick smoke, and every refuge of unbelieving prayers devastated and turned into a desert place."

Christoph Ramschüssel von Schönegg wrote on August 23, 1532 about the penetration of a 3,000-strong Turkish force on August 20 into northeast Styria: “The five Eigen in the Hungarian, Pinkafeld and the Schachen are all gone, as is Stegersbach, also something in the Close to the castle, everything is there. "

Since Pinkafeld was completely destroyed by these acts of war, this certainly also applies to Riedlingsdorf. It took several decades for the country to recover from this severe devastation.

The land register from 1569

The oldest land register of the Bernstein rulership and thus the village of Riedlingsdorf, which is still preserved, dates from 1569. According to this directory, the village, which is also referred to in the document as Riegerstorff , Riedingstorff and Ridlingstorff , consisted of a total of 95 houses. It was the second largest settlement in the rule after Pinkafeld. There were two whole farms (whole fiefdoms ), which belonged to a Zenz Neidt and a Wästl Khnapper and had eight days 'work in fields and five days' work in meadows. 74 half yards and three quarter yards had correspondingly smaller areas. In addition to eleven Söllners there were also four mills in the village that belonged to Hanns Artolff, Peter Lechner, Mert Muessein and Steffan Prodl.

The land register also contained a list that proved that wine was being grown in the village at that time. According to this list, the largest vineyards were in what is today the Ortried Ödenberg (in the original Endperg ). There were smaller vineyards in the Laimbach ( Laimpach ), Büllhöhe ( Pühl ) and Steinriegel ( Fuxberg ) districts. The Weinzehent was, according to this historic document 4 1/2 Hartenberger buckets that were 522 liters, thus the amount of Riedlingsdorf Dorfer produced amounted vineyards at that time around 5000 liters.

The grain tens for wheat were one courage and ten metz, for grain 1 ½ courage and for habern ( oats ) 2 courage. According to this, the harvest volumes achieved during this period were around 25 m³ wheat, 28 m³ grain and 37 m³ oats. The robot was also described in this document. As there were no restrictions on the number of days to be performed or the type of forced labor, the local population was dependent on the goodwill of the Königsberg family in this regard.

In addition, the names of the farmers were listed in the land register, who managed a total of 39 ¾ fiefs. Of these family names there are still the family names Neidt (modern spelling Neid), Lang, Piff, Steger and Schaden in the village. The surnames Prodl, ski Binger, Schneider, Wagner, Weber and Wurzer of Urbars have to still use today Vulgonamen received.

The Bocskai Uprising in 1605

In the course of the Bocskai uprising in 1605, the village was hit hard again.

Since 1593, the Long Turkish War raged in the Hungarian part of the Habsburg Monarchy and in what is now Croatia . In addition to this burden on the Hungarian population, Emperor Rudolf II vehemently pursued the Counter-Reformation and when he also took false accusations against large Hungarian owners in court proceedings, one of them, Stephan Bocskai , finally rose against the emperor. In October 1604 the Heiducken , who were initially loyal to the emperor, changed sides and when the Ottoman Empire sent Turkish and Tatar auxiliary troops to weaken the Habsburg monarchy, the rebels conquered most of the Hungarian territories in a few weeks.

In the Austro-Hungarian border region, the noble families Königsberg and Batthyány remained loyal to the emperor. Ludwig von Königsberg himself recruited around 400 mercenaries, with whom he and 1000 imperial horsemen faced the rebels near Steinamanger and was defeated in the process. The end of May and October the Bocskai troops undertook devastating raids into what is now southern Burgenland and eastern Styria. Bernstein Castle was also besieged unsuccessfully by 5000 men in October. While the castles withstood the onslaught, the villages were mostly razed to the ground. People who fell into the hands of the rebels were either slain or taken into slavery. The Burgenland historian Harald Prickler estimates the human loss in the border region at up to 20 percent, around half of the settlements were destroyed, so the consequences were more serious than those of the great Turkish wars.

During this rebellion, the Hungarian residents of the Wart, which is bordering Riedlingsdorf in the south, sided with Bocskai and plundered the rule of Königsberg. It therefore cannot be ruled out that Riedlingsdorf was attacked and robbed by its southern neighbors. As Harald Prickler wrote to the then Riedlingsdorf elementary school director Johann Huber in the 1960s, there had been border disputes between Riedlingsdorf and the waiters for decades over the use of a border forest. In this letter, Prickler also compared the two Riedlingsdorfer Urbare from 1569 and 1648 with each other and concluded from the fact that the younger Urbar only contained 14 family names, which were also listed in 1569, that many local residents either died in the Bocskai uprising or for always moved away.

Ludwig von Königsberg described the condition of the villages under his rule in a 1606 report to the emperor:

"... the dörffer but sambt maierhöffen are all ruined, the undterthannen prisoners have been woken up and hewn down and have therefore become a waste that in ten years I will not be able to enjoy them as before and since the khriegh should continue to comfort me khain's enjoyment, because khainer would be moved by the remaining undterthanen to put the cloth ... "

The estate is sold to the Batthyány family

Ádám Batthyány bought the Bernstein estate in 1644

The Königsberg family had become heavily in debt over the years, so that Ehrenreich Christoph von Königsberg was forced to sell the Bernstein estate and other possessions to his neighbor Ádám Batthyány in 1644 . This ended the border disputes between the two families, from which the village of Riedlingsdorf had to suffer for decades, because the Hungarian residents of the Wart could not agree on the exact course of the border and the use of a border forest.

With this sale, the first affiliation of the village of Riedlingsdorf to Austria ended, because in 1647 the Bernstein rule was incorporated into the Hungarian part of the Habsburg monarchy. The village was to remain in the possession of the Batthyány family until the peasants were liberated in the wake of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848/1849 .

Part of Hungary again under the rule of the Batthyánys

With the sale of the rulership to Adam Batthyány, Riedlingsdorf not only became part of Hungary again from 1646, the towns of the Bernstein rulership, since Adam Batthyány had converted to Catholicism in 1630, also felt the rough wind of the Counter-Reformation. There were no longer any Protestant pastors in the Bernstein reign, but in many places, including Riedlingsdorf, most of the farmers adhered to their Lutheran faith.

In the following decades, Adam Batthyány increased the taxes and the robotic cables to be provided in order to finance the expensive war against the Turks also had a fatal effect. A private army of 2,000 to 2,500 men was in the pay of Batthyány, which had to be fed. Among his descendants there was multiple division of the rulership, which led to a further increase in the tax burden, because now that profit had to be earned in smaller units in order to finance the lifestyle of the branching Batthyány family. Since the fiefs became smaller and smaller over time due to the population growth, there was a lot of social explosive in this development, which then erupted more than 100 years later in the peasant uprising in southern Burgenland and which almost led to a lynching in Riedlingsdorf .

The land register from 1645

Adam Batthyány had a land register drawn up in 1648, which was based on an inventory made by his administrator Heinrich Heusinger in 1645. The village of Riedlingsdorf had grown slightly from 95 to 105 houses compared to the land register in 1569 and was still the second largest settlement of the Bernstein rule. The number of fiefdoms had decreased by the size of four whole farms, while the number of Söllners had tripled. In the opinion of the historian Harald Prickler, this was a consequence of the devastation caused by the Bocskai uprising forty years earlier. For Prickler, a further indication of the human loss or the forced emigration of large parts of the original population was the fact that only 14 family names from 1569 were also found in the land register from 1648, while 45 other family names were missing. This second land register also contained many new names, of which the following can still be found in the village today: Pruggner (modern spelling Bruckner), Fleckh (fleck), Keippel (modern spelling also Keippel or Kaipel) and zapfel (Zapfel). Together with the names Lang, Piff, Steger and Schaden des first Urbars, these are the family names with which Riedlingsdorf is commonly associated.

The size of the fiefs was comparable to that of 1569; the arable land for half farms had decreased from four and a half to four days' labor. Nevertheless, the amount of wheat and oats to be delivered rose from around 60 metzes each to 77 metzes. The cash levies that had to be handed in for Georgi ( Georgi service ) and Michaeli ( Michaelmas service ) remained the same, but there were new levies in the form of a Pentecost tax and a Martini tax , which made up a multiple of the two historical cash levies . The entire village's tax payments rose from around 44 guilders (in 1569) to 371 guilders (1648), although even the historian Harald Prickler, as he noted in a letter to the Riedlingdorf elementary school director Johann Huber, struggled because of the fluctuations in the value of the guilder to make a correct comparison calculation.

The land register also proved that wine was still grown in the village. To the already 1,569 cultivated with wine local vineyards Sopron mountain , Laimbach , Büllhöhe and Steinriegel , now came the Ried in the northwest of the village of Neuberg added. Based on the reed information, it was also evident that the Büllhöhe had gained in importance for viticulture compared to the Ödenberg . There was also a massive increase in taxes for wine. While in the first land register the amount to be delivered was around 3.5 Hartberger buckets (around 400 liters) in accordance with the requirements of mining law , this amount rose to over 9 buckets or around 1,100 liters in 1648. In addition, there was the delivery amount from the wine toe, which is not included in Prickler's copy of the Urbar. These quantities of wine were collected in the castle cellar in Pinkafeld. The localities were also obliged to take back some of this wine, the so-called ban wine, in order to subsequently sell it in the manorial inns in the villages at excessive prices to the subjects of the Batthyánys, who again earned well.

In 1615, under the rule of the Königsbergers, the Unterschützen farmers complained about the quantity of the mandatory wine as well as its quality ("he's angry as he wants it to be vinegar"). This certainly also described the quality of the wine from Riedlingsdorf. Due to climatic changes, viticulture disappeared completely in the second half of the 17th century not only from Riedlingsdorf, but also from the Bernstein rule.

Riedlingsdorf as part of the Pinkafeld rule

After the death of Ádám Batthyány in 1659, the Bernstein reign was divided. Riedlingsdorf belonged to the newly formed Pinkafeld rule until 1846, which initially consisted of the villages of Riedlingsdorf, Wiesfleck, Schönherrn, Weinberg, Hochart, Schreibersdorf, Willersdorf, Sulzriegel, Kroisegg and the now defunct village of Rechpach (near Pinkafeld). Pinkafeld was upgraded as a mansion through the construction of the Batthyány Castle . In its almost two hundred year history, the composition of the rule changed several times, Riedlingsdorf always remained as their second largest settlement on the side of its northern neighbor.

While Ádám's son Paul took over the new rule Pinkafeld, his brother Christoph got the now reduced rule Bernstein. After Paul's death in 1674, Christoph ran the estate as guardian for his nephews Franz and Sigismund. In 1698, the now grown-up brothers shared the rulership of Pinkafeld again, with Sigismund receiving the greater part, which also included Riedlingsdorf. After the death of Franz Batthyány, these two parts were reunited.

These divisions had unpleasant consequences for the subjects, because now profits had to be made in smaller units in order to finance the lifestyle of the branching Batthyány family. Added to this were the consequences of the devastating armed events that broke out over the region over the next few decades.

Turkish years 1664 and 1683

Another major Turkish invasion was prevented by the victory of the imperial troops in the battle of Mogersdorf on August 1, 1664, but a Turkish group of around 1,000 men reached Pinkafeld after they had destroyed Sinnersdorf, around seven kilometers north of Riedlingsdorf . There there was a bloody fight with the inhabitants, who were able to repel the attack and kill numerous Turkish soldiers. Since there were also many farmers among the defenders, it could be that residents of Riedlingsdorf in Pinkafeld also helped to drive out the Ottoman troops. In the vicinity of the Kalvarienberg in the west of the Lampelfeld there is said to have been a hamlet that was destroyed by these acts of war.

Both Ádám Batthyány and his sons Christoph and Paul made a name for themselves in the fight against the Ottomans in the course of the 17th century. But when in 1683 in Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha opened with about 100,000 men strong army to Vienna to besiege a second time , paid homage to Christoph Batthyány the Grand Vizier that his lands be spared. But he went a step further and even invaded Styria with his own troops to plunder there. The Styrians' revenge followed immediately, because on August 20 and September 9, 1683, Styrian troops devastated Pinkafeld and the surrounding villages under Batthyány's rule. Riedlingsdorf was probably also affected by these acts of revenge by the Styrians.

After the defeat of the Ottomans at the Battle of Kahlenberg in September 1683, Batthyány immediately switched sides again. In the following years, the Batthyánys tried to restore their reputation by being particularly involved in the fight against the Ottomans. This in turn led to enormous additional burdens for the subjects of the noble family, whose economic situation therefore deteriorated further in the following years.

The Kuruc Unrest 1704–1709

Francis II Rákóczi

The border region did not come to rest even after the end of the Great Turkish War . The reason for this was the uprising of Franz II. Rákóczi , which led to severe devastation in the period from 1704 to 1709 in western Hungary and the neighboring Styria. While the Kuruc under Franz II. Rákóczi undertook various incursions in southern Styria, Nikolai De Chaus, ruler of Aschau, served the Viennese court war council as an emergency aid. He then got permission to move in with Friedberg volunteers with whom he made an advance to Pinkafeld on July 13 or 14, 1704. It is not known whether Riedlingsdorf was also affected.

This procedure in turn provoked acts of revenge by the Kuruzen in Styrian territory, as they plundered and burned numerous villages in northeast Styria in July and early August 1704. As a result, on August 27, 3,000 Styrians invaded western Hungary via Markt Allhau. The village of Riedlingsdorf was burned down to five houses. The Styrians who avenged themselves were not squeamish about the population. In addition to burning the houses and stealing the cattle, the hands of those who got hold of them were cut off and their tongues torn out. The Styrians took revenge for similar atrocities that the Kurucs had committed against the Styrian population. Although the Batthyány family sided with Emperor Leopold I in the Kuruc uprising , the Styrians did not make much difference in their campaigns of revenge between the subjects of the Batthyánys and the Hungarian-speaking inhabitants of the Wart, who had not only joined the Kuruc, but even independently undertook raids into the Styrian border region.

The Burgenland pastor and local researcher Peter Jandrisevits published two documents in the 1930s that indirectly confirm that Riedlingsdorf burned down. The Vorau Abbey testified for a certain Martin Kurtz that he could not have set fire to Riedlingsdorf because he was in Vorau at the same time . Jandrisevits found a second document with similar content for two citizens from Friedberg, to whom it was testified that they had also not participated in the pillage of Riedlingsdorf.

In February 1705, the imperial troop leader Hannibal Heister undertook a punitive expedition with around 3000 men to what is now the Oberwart district. Letters came into his hands, which proved the involvement of the inhabitants of the Wart in the Kuruc raids. Heister then attacked the Oberwart defensive positions coming via Kemeten , behind which around 1,300 guardians had holed up. While the imperial troops had only a few wounded to complain about, there were also dead on the part of the guards. Hannibal Heister then released the two villages of Oberwart and Unterwart for his soldiers to plunder. The remaining settlements in the area were spared such measures, whereby they, at the request of Heister, had to swear allegiance to the emperor. The extent to which Riedlingsdorf had already been rebuilt at this time and Heisters was affected by this measure is not clear from historical documents.

In January 1707 there was another incursion of several thousand Kuruzen into eastern Styria. After they had looted and burned down many Styrian villages, they withdrew to the Pinkafeld, Riedlingsdorf and Markt Allhau area. What was particularly noticeable about this advance was that the Kurucs behaved very cruelly towards the population and murdered numerous people. In doing so, they are avenging the brutal actions of the imperial general Jean-Louis de Bussy-Rabutin in central Hungary. The area around Riedlingsdorf and Pinkafeld was the starting point in mid-November 1707 for another Kuruc invasion of Styria, in which honor chests were completely destroyed and many people were killed.

The Kuruc uprising finally ended in 1711 with the Peace of Sathmar , after the Habsburg armies had repeatedly inflicted severe defeats on the Kuruc in Inner Hungary from 1708 onwards.

The consequences of these warlike years for Riedlingsdorf can also be read in a land register from 1710. Accordingly, the village was rebuilt after the destruction in 1704. However, the number of houses fell to 102, there were also 13 dreary fiefs and eleven dreary Sölln residents.

Presentation of the development of the village in the arable land (1569 to 1783)

The various land registers during the time that Riedlingsdorf belonged to the rule of Bernstein and Pinkafeld show the development of the village. Between 1569 and 1783 the number of houses increased by around 75 percent, while the size of the fiefs decreased accordingly. Desolate fiefs were identified mainly in the land register of 1710, in which the consequences of the Kuruzzre uprisings can still be read.

Riedlingsdorf as part of the lordship of Bernstein and Pinkafeld
year	Fiefdom	1	1/2	1/4	1/8	3/4	3/8	5/8	5/16	desolate fiefdoms	Söllner	Residents	dreary Söllner	Establishments	Houses
1569	39 3/4	02	74	03	-	-	-	-	-	-	11	-	-	05	095
1645	35 3/4	04th	63	01	-	-	-	-	-	-	32	-	-	05	105
1660	37 1/4	05	63	-	-	01	-	-	-	05	32	-	03	04th	113
1710	36 1/4	03	50	-	-	01	-	-	-	13	19th	-	11	05	102
1751	36	02	41	33	-	06th	-	-	-	-	28	-	-	05	115
1765	36	-	38	43	-	03	02	-	-	03	20th	09	02	08th	128
1783	45 1/4	-	01	67	-	02	03	26th	30th	-	31	-	-	08th	168

Visitation by a band of robbers 1822 to 1827

In the years 1822 to 1827 the border area of Styria, today's Burgenland and Lower Austria was terrorized by a band of robbers called the Stradafüßler . Their leader was the notorious Holzknechtseppl , who repeatedly roamed through Riedlingsdorf with his cronies to get to the forest inns in the Sixtina and in the Wartenau near Unterschützen (municipality of Oberschützen), which the robbers used as retreats.

While romanticizing and idealizing stories and legends developed around robbers of this time, this was different in the case of the Holzknechtseppls and his gang. There was also a wealth of legends here, but these stories were all negative, as the perpetrators lacked any social or political motives. Her criminal energy, 14 thefts, 22 robberies, three rapes, two arson and ten murders, she confessed in the first interrogation after her arrest, and was all directed against the common people. One of these stories is said to have happened in Riedlingsdorf, where the woodcutter seppl once stayed with the Lang family and did not kill the eight-year-old daughter of the Langs only because she had been particularly bad that night, as he confessed to the householders the next morning.

According to another popular tradition, the band of robbers from Riedlingsdorfer Mähern was observed on March 12, 1827, when they visited the forest inn in Wartenau near Unterschützen. The soldiers alerted by the Riedlingsdorfers were able to arrest the Holzknechtseppl, two of his subordinates and ten other gang members. However, this episode is historically controversial because after even Kaier Franz II had been concerned with this matter, an investigative commission set up in Pinkafeld in 1826 tried to end the activities of the brazen band of robbers.

The horror did not end until the gang's subordinates, Johann Niesner alias Fleischhacker Hans , Joseph Freyberger alias Gekrauster Sepp and Joseph Koller alias privy councilor , were hanged on July 7th, 1827 on the judicial hill in Pinkafeld. 8,000 onlookers attended this event, which was twice the population of Pinkafeld and Riedlingsdorf at that time. The Holzknechtseppl , whose real name was Lukas Schmidhofer, met this fate on November 20, 1828, also on the Pinkafelder Rechtsberg. As with the first execution, the Pinkafelder pastor Joseph Michael Weinhofer gave a booth speech in which he spoke to the conscience of the around 20,000 people present, including many from Riedlingsdorf.

The revolutionary years of 1848/49

In 1848 the multi-ethnic state of the Habsburg Monarchy was shaken to its foundations by revolutions . In March 1848 the Hungarian Reichstag met in Pressburg and passed the so-called March Acts for the countries of the Hungarian crown , which came into force on April 11th. The resulting Hungarian Revolution finally culminated in the Hungarian War of Independence , which the imperial troops won for the young Emperor Franz Joseph I. with the help of Russian and Croatian army units .

Riedlingsdorf was only an onlooker at these major events as well as at smaller military actions at the local level. The Hungarian independence movement found many supporters, especially in the mostly Hungarian-speaking villages of the "Wart", which is south of the village. However, the Hungarian language was not a unique selling point to vote for an independent Hungarian state, because many Pinkafel fields and above all the evangelical pastor of Oberschützen, Gottlieb August Wimmer , advocated breaking away from the Habsburg monarchy. The latter even kept in close contact with the leading figures of the revolutionary movement such as Lajos Kossuth and the first Hungarian Prime Minister Lajos Batthyány , who was known to him personally as the Obergespan of Eisenburg County .

Gottlieb August Wimmer also played an important role in an episode that had to do with the withdrawal of a Croatian army unit and which could have had serious consequences for Riedlingsdorf and the upper Pinkatal. The military conflict with the newly formed Hungarian army was won by Emperor Franz Joseph I, among other things, because a Croatian army of around 50,000 men rushed to his aid under the Ban Joseph Jelačić von Bužim . A Croatian armed force of around 15,000 men, commanded by Major General Cosman Todorović and made up of unreliable volunteers, was released from Joseph Jelačić's army in November 1848 and sent back to Croatia. Originally this unit was supposed to march south via Güns and Steinamanger, but since it began to plunder on the way, it was soon opposed by volunteers, revolutionaries or former soldiers, who involved them in fighting and pushed them west. At Kirchschlag in the Bucklige Welt the Croatian unit crossed the Austro-Hungarian border and then moved on towards Styria. In order to prevent the Croats from turning back into Hungarian territory, Gottlieb August Wimmer spontaneously called a popular contingent of several thousand men, which took up positions in Sinnersdorf, around seven kilometers north of Riedlingsdorf and on the heights north of Pinkafeld. This armed force, created from nothing, consisted of citizens, craftsmen and farmers who moved to Sinnersdorf with scythes, flails and rifles that had been forged into stabbing weapons, following Wimmer's call to Sinnersdorf, including many farmers from Riedlingsdorf. The episode ended lightly for the upper Pinkatal, because the Croatian armed forces moved south via Friedberg without facing a fight . The only dead person was a Croat who was slain by the Pinkafelder citizens near Hochart.

At the end of December 1848, troops loyal to the emperor under Count Althan occupied Eisenburg County, to which Riedlingsdorf also belonged, and placed it under military administration . In the middle of 1849 Hungarian hussars deserted the Linz garrison to make their way to Hungary. Several hundred of them came to Oberwart via Pinkafeld and Riedlingsdorf, where they were supported by the local Hungarian population. On July 13, 1849, early in the morning Count Althan took the same route with imperial cuirassiers and some artillery pieces to punish the village of Oberwart for this support. Through the intervention of Count von Rotenturm , Stephan Erdődy , the artillery bombardment was averted and converted into a penalty in the form of a fire tax of 20,000 guilders .

In different representations, these two events were often mixed up and exaggerated. Among other things, it was alleged that south of Riedlingsdorf near the so-called Jesusberg there was a battle between Althan's cuirassiers and scattered Croats of Major General Cosman Todorović on the one hand and Oberwart citizens and the deserted hussars hurrying to their aid on the other.

Reforms in the second half of the 19th century

Basic discharge

In response to the revolutionary movement, Emperor Franz Joseph I issued the New Year's Eve patent on December 31, 1851 , with which the major achievements of the revolution were reversed. He ushered in the ten-year era of neo-absolutism , in which Alexander von Bach, commissioned by the emperor, was supposed to transform the Habsburg monarchy into a centralized, conservative state. Measures to modernize the administrative system of the municipalities and the basic relief patent have not been repealed . The latter meant the end of the centuries-old relationship of dependency between the Riedlingsdorfer village population and their landlord, the Batthyány family.

The following regulations brought about serious changes for the residents of Riedlingsdorf:

Ordinance of April 5, 1850: Abolition of benefits from the Urbarialverband: house interest, ninths, robots , small tithes , chopping and carrying wood and hunting.
Imperial patent of November 19, 1852: new regulation of property rights. All property and inheritance rights that arose from the relationship between landlord and farmer were revoked. The local population of Riedlingsdorf was allowed to buy real estate without restrictions and the divisibility of the property was also recognized.
Patents of March 2, 1853: Regulations regarding the use of cleared grounds and the forest and pastures.

Subsequently, a commission came to Riedlingsdorf to carry out the basic discharge. The landlord's compensation claims were determined, which amounted to between 600 and 700 guilders for an entire session (equivalent to a farm), depending on the quality of the soil. For Söllnerwirtschaften the transfer fee was 50 guilders. An entire farm in Riedlingsdorf was allocated between 4 and 20 yokes of pasture land and between 2 and 8 yokes of forest. Eight Söllnerwirtschaften were rated as one session.

These measures made the Riedlingsdorf farmers independent of their previous landlord, but they often got into economic difficulties due to their indebtedness. The peasant ownership share, not only in Riedlingsdorf, but also in all of western Hungary, was so small that a healthy peasant class could hardly develop. In addition, this problem should be exacerbated by the practice of real division . In the agriculturally dominated Riedlingsdorf this led to the fact that the area to be cultivated per farm decreased more and more, and so small farms emerged within two generations. In the 20th century, these could often only be managed as a sideline. Many residents were therefore forced to look for other sources of income. This in turn resulted in necessities such as seasonal hikes or even migration to the cities. One of the main reasons for the emigration to the USA , which began in 1900, can be found in this development , which should ultimately bring the village a population loss of more than 10 percent of its population.

Reforms at various administrative levels

Immediately after the crackdown on the Hungarian Revolution, the country was initially viewed as a conquered area and placed under military administration. There was a division into military districts, which in turn were subdivided into civil districts. Riedlingsdorf belonged to the civil district of Eisenburg, which was one of four counties in the military district of Ödenburg. The civil district of Eisenburg was subdivided into twelve district commissariats instead of the previous six senior judicial offices. Riedlingsdorf was to belong to the newly created district commissioner Pinkafeld until it was dissolved in 1854. The communities were led by community leaders who were proposed by the head of the district commissioner (district commissioner) to the head of the civil district (government commissioner).

Nothing changed in this division when the military dictatorship was dissolved at the end of 1850. There were changes mainly at the higher administrative levels through the creation of five administrative areas. Riedlingsdorf now belonged to the administrative area of Ödenburg, which was now composed of nine counties. At the county level there was the next administrative step in 1854 through the reallocation into ten district judges. This led to the dissolution of the Pinkafeld district commissioner, whereby Riedlingsdorf now became part of the Oberwart district judge.

Riedlingsdorf / Rödöny as part of the Oberwart / Felsöör chair district

The October diploma and the February patent that followed shortly afterwards marked the end of neo-absolutism. The Habsburg monarchy developed further in the direction of a constitutional monarchy . At the administrative level, this led to a reallocation of the counties restored in their old form. Eisenburg now consists of 24 districts. Riedlingsdorf was again added to the newly created Pinkafeld district. The village was finally assigned to the Oberwart district as part of the reorganization of the administration through the Hungarian municipal law of 1871. This new law also brought about the amalgamation of villages into so-called notarial communities. Riedlingsdorf and the villages of Hochart, Wiesfleck, Schönherrn and Schreibersdorf formed the Pinkafeld-Umgebung district notary's office. This community was to exist with different compositions until 1986, only then did Riedlingsdorf and Wiesfleck have separate municipal administrations.

Parallel to this constant reorganization of the administrative levels, a series of reforms took place which were intended to fundamentally change the country. The basic relief made the introduction of a land register necessary, the taxation system was completely modernized and the general civil code was introduced.

Austro-Hungarian equalization and Magyarization

The Hungarian ruling class policy of Magyarization suffered a severe setback from the lost war of independence in 1848/49. By contrast, the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, which was a direct consequence of the defeat of the Habsburg Monarchy in the German War , again significantly strengthened the Hungarian national feeling. This was also expressed in the Nationalities Act of 1868, which laid down the personal freedoms of the individual citizen, including the right to the mother tongue, but at the same time made Hungarian the sole state language. However, there was no recognition of ethnic groups.

Ethnic groups of the countries of the Hungarian crown 1880

The main body of these Magyarization efforts was the higher civil service, which was composed mainly of representatives of the Hungarian aristocracy. One of the most important instruments was laws and ordinances that influenced school operations. Because of the elementary school law of 1879, Hungarian had to be taught at the Riedlingsdorf schools. Starting in 1883, candidate teachers had to take their state examination in the Hungarian language, and in 1907 the "Lex Apponyi" program led to a strong expansion of Hungarian lessons in schools. Educational institutions only had a chance of receiving state support if they taught at least five subjects in Hungarian.

From 1895, Riedlingsdorf had to keep registers in Hungarian for births, marriages and deaths due to a new law. The use of the German place names was pushed back more and more in official use in the 1870s. In 1896, a commission was set up in Budapest with the task of creating a certified register of uniform Hungarian parish and place names. To this end, the Commission should determine a spelling of place names that conforms to Hungarian spelling. Two years later, the Hungarian Parliament decided that each municipality could only use the name specified by the commission. In the case of the municipality of Riedlingsdorf, this was the Hungarian place name Rödöny .

The Pinkafeld community tried to be connected to the railway network in the 1880s. These efforts were only partially successful, because the connection to Steinamanger was approved and built by Steinamanger-Pinkafelder Lokalbahn AG , but nationalist ideas stood in the way of a connection to the Austrian rail network, which is only five kilometers away. With the inauguration of the Steinamanger-Pinkafelder Vicinalbahn on December 17, 1888, the municipality of Riedlingsdorf also got its railway stop, but a train connection to Friedberg in Styria was only available from 1925.

Military reforms

In the course of the army reform of 1882/83, the entire area of the monarchy was divided into 102 (if Tyrol and Vorarlberg are also considered in 103) supplementary districts. The village of Riedlingsdorf belonged to the newly formed supplementary district Szombathely, which was assigned the number 83. The regiment to be set up in this district was also assigned the number 83, initially named after Major General Ferdinand Christoph Eberhard von Degenfeld-Schonburg , later from 1914 onwards the deputy commander of the kk and ku Landwehr , general of the infantry Freiherr von Schikofsky.

Recruits from Riedlingsdorf had to do their military service in the three garrison locations Komárom (regimental headquarters, 2nd and 4th battalion ), Szombathely (2nd battalion) and Kőszeg (3rd battalion) of the kuk infantry regiment "Freiherr von Schikofsky" No. 83 perform.

First World War

A month after the assassination in Sarajevo took place on 28 July 1914, the declaration of war of Austria-Hungary to the Kingdom of Serbia . Two days later, the German Empire and the Russian Empire entered the war, and further countries joined through the alliance systems, so that the local Balkan conflict developed into World War I within a few days . The 83rd Infantry Regiment was transported to Galicia in the second week of August and from then on fought against the army of the Russian tsar in this area with varying degrees of fortunes and heavy losses . At the end of 1917 the regiment was transferred to Italy , where it subsequently took part in the battles of the Piave . At the beginning of November 1918, the regiment was brought back home by its commanding officer and demobilized there, which saved many members of the regiment from captivity.

Between 1914 and 1918 there were a total of 43 dead among the male population of Riedlingsdorf. Around half of these men served in the 83rd Infantry Regiment and died in its battles in Galicia and Italy. While another quarter of the fallen Riedlingsdorfer belonged to the Austro-Hungarian infantry regiment "Archduke Leopold Salvator" No. 18 , the rest were distributed among various other units. In November 1922 a war memorial was inaugurated in Riedlingsdorf to commemorate these soldiers. It was also financed by donations from Riedlingdorfers who emigrated overseas, which is still remembered today by an inscription in the older part of the war memorial.

Land grabbing of Burgenland

The territorial division of Austria-Hungary after the First World War

On September 10, 1919, State Chancellor Karl Renner signed the Treaty of Saint-Germain , which for the still young Republic of Austria , in addition to many tough conditions, contained in Article 27/5 also a gain in territory over Hungary, should it be inhabited mainly by German speakers western Hungarian border strips to Austria. For the Hungarian side, on the other hand, this provision meant a humiliating disgrace which they tried to prevent by all means. Although Hungary signed the Treaty of Trianon on June 4, 1920 , which contained the same provisions for drawing the border with Austria, Budapest did not yet give up. After the use of diplomacy had not led to the desired success either, it was decided as a means of the last choice to take military action against the so-called conquest of Burgenland by Austria. As a result, a wide variety of free riot units formed in the border region , consisting mainly of people from "Inner Hungary", such as former officers, national students or Hungarian expellees from Slovakia , Transylvania or Croatia .

An additional momentum was the first restoration attempt by the former emperor Charles I , which was completely surprising for the victorious powers . During this trip, the former monarch crossed the Austrian-Hungarian border incognito at Sinnersdorf on March 27, 1921 in the company of the Rotenturm Count Tamas von Erdődy . The two then had lunch in Pinkafeld at the Hotel Lehner before they crossed Riedlingsdorf in the early afternoon in the innkeeper's rented horse-drawn vehicle to go to Szombathely via Oberwart and Großpetersdorf.

According to the order of the victorious powers, around 2000 gendarmerie men, divided into eleven columns, were to cross the state border on August 28, 1921 and reach the so-called A-line as an intermediate destination. For the next day it was planned to reach the B line, the definitive new border line. Column 7 was supposed to advance to Riedlingsdorf, the crossing of which was planned for the first day of the conquest. This broke out on the morning of August 28th in Friedberg with 202 gendarmes and 22 customs officers and was supposed to reach the intermediate destination of the A line, Stadtschlaining , via Pinkafeld, Riedlingsdorf and Oberwart by evening . About three kilometers north of Riedlingsdorf, the column was already awaited by a contingent of 50 men under the leadership of Lieutenant László Kuti, and around 1 p.m. they were shot at from two machine gun nests . A raiding party of the Austrian gendarmerie succeeded in conquering one of these machine gun nests and inflicting heavy losses on the troops in the form of two dead and five wounded. As fighting broke out in many places during the day, the military commission of the victorious powers ordered the Austrians to retreat to the Austro-Hungarian border.

Coat of arms of Lajtabánság

Provisional stamp of the Leitha Banat for 20 fillers dated October 12, 1921

On August 29, the irregulars had withdrawn as far as Oberwart. The 7th Gendarmerie, marching back from Friedberg, was thus able to occupy Pinkafeld without incident and pass through Riedlingsdorf with the foremost forces in the early afternoon. When the column was attacked again three kilometers south of the village by the irregulars, the victorious powers ordered their final retreat, so that in the evening column 7 again crossed Riedlingsdorf in the opposite direction. In the village itself there was violence during these days, including a local resident who was publicly chastised with a stick by the irregulars.

The first attempt to conquer Burgenland by Austria had therefore failed. The power vacuum that now prevailed in western Hungary was used by the militant leader Pál Prónay to proclaim a separate state called Lajtabánság (Leitha-Banat) in Oberwart on October 4, 1921 . As a result, Riedlingsdorf became part of an operetta state for a few weeks , which had its own flag and even issued its own postage stamps. But just a few days later, on October 13th, Austria and Hungary signed the Venice Protocols, paving the way for relaxation. The Hungarian government undertook to withdraw the irregular groups from the border area, which largely happened by November 5th. As a result, the Leitha-Banat state ceased to exist again after a few weeks.

The way for the Armed Forces to take over Burgenland was now free. This invasion took place in two phases, while Northern Burgenland was occupied between November 12th and 15th, the columns of the Federal Army marched into central and southern Burgenland between November 25th and 29th. At noon on November 25th, the 4th Brigade of the Federal Army with several battalions from Friedberg and Lafnitz reached Pinkafeld, where they were received by a cheering crowd, including many residents from Riedlingsdorf. The foremost parts of the brigade moved to Riedlingsdorf that evening, which on November 25, 1921, had finally become part of the Republic of Austria. The next day the armed forces crossed the village and set off for their next destination, the occupation of Oberwart.

1890 to 1930 - emigrated overseas

Ellis Island, the gateway to the New World for millions of Europeans

Number of emigrants per year

year	people
1902	01
1903	05
1904	11
1905	15th
1906	14th

year	people
1907	16
1908	02
1909	13
1910	01

year	people
1911	01
1912	02
1913	22nd
1914	11

year	people
1921	07th
1922	18th
1923	16
1924	04th
1925	01

year	people
1926	02
1927	03
1930	03
total	168

The villages that make up Burgenland today were hit by waves of emigration in the last decades of the 19th century, which started in central Hungary and reached the western Hungarian villages and subsequently led whole families to set off overseas, primarily to the USA . At intervals of several years, these waves of emigration first hit today's northern Burgenland, then central Burgenland and, around 1890, finally southern Burgenland with the area around Riedlingsdorf. The migratory movement that started now was part of the so-called New Immigration , whose goal was the industrial areas around Chicago and New York and which turned Burgenland farm workers into American factory workers.

The first emigration from Riedlingsdorf to the USA took place in 1893 by eight people, but their names cannot be found in the Ellis Island archives . The first Riedlingsdorfer whose entry into the USA is documented in the published passenger lists of Ellis Island was the 31-year-old Tobias Zapfel, who in 1902 started the crossing to the USA with the ship Kronprinz Wilhelm in the emigration port of Bremen .

Between 1904 and 1907 at least ten people from Riedlingsdorf came to the USA every year. While only a few people from Riedlingsdorf can be found in the archives around 1910, their number rose to 22 in 1913. The First World War put an end to the emigration movement for the time being. It was not until the beginning of the 1920s, between 1921 and 1924, that the number of Riedlingsdorfers willing to emigrate rose again, but stricter immigration laws ( Immigration Act of 1924 ) in the USA led to a massive decline in immigration from Austria to the United States from 1924. In total, the names of 168 people from Riedlingsdorf can be found in the passenger lists of Ellis Island and individual emigration ports. However, this list is certainly not complete, because the search is sometimes only possible with known family names or different spellings of the place of origin were often used when specifying the place.

Most of the people from Riedlingsdorf (around two thirds) who can be identified in the passenger lists were between 16 and 45 years old and were therefore of the prime working age. Another 25% were children and young people up to the age of 15, only 8% of the people had already passed their 45th year of life at the time of their emigration. The oldest verifiable emigrants, the married couple Maria (62) and Tobias Schuh (66), boarded North German Lloyd's ship George Washington with their daughter-in-law and grandchild in Bremen in 1914, presumably as part of a family reunification, in order to start a new life in the USA .

By far the most important emigration port for the Riedlingsdorfers was Bremen with around 60% of the departures. Le Havre (17%), Trieste (10%), Rotterdam and Hamburg (8% each) followed a long way behind . There were only a few departures from Southampton , Copenhagen and Antwerp .

The most frequently used ship was the Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse of the North German Lloyd transported, the 1903 to 1907 a total of 19 Riedlingsdorf villages emigrants. The crossing with most of the passengers from Riedlingsdorf took place in 1907, when the Italian ship Francesca arrived in New York harbor and had 18 people from Riedlingsdorf on board.

The following list shows other ships frequently used by the Riedlingsdorf emigrants for the crossing:

George Washington , North German Lloyd
Hanover , North German Lloyd
Kaiser Wilhelm II. , North German Lloyd
Crown Prince Wilhelm , North German Lloyd
Crown Princess Cecilie , North German Lloyd
La Lorraine , Compagnie Générale Transatlantique
La Provence , Compagnie Générale Transatlantique
RMS Mauretania , Cunard Line
Orduna , Royal Mail Line

A much smaller wave of emigration began in the 1950s, the main destination of which was Canada .

Corporate State and National Socialism 1933 to 1945

Blochzieh on February 11, 1934, one day before the outbreak of the civil war

Dorfstrasse in Obertrum in the 1930s

Dorfstrasse in the lower run in the 1930s

Tobias Portschy from Unterschützen was the driving force behind the illegal NSDAP in Burgenland

Parallel to the " seizure of power " by the National Socialists in Germany on January 30, 1933 , the Austro-Fascist corporate state established itself in Austria after the parliament was shut down , the Austrian civil war and the July coup . The July coup was carried out by members of the NSDAP , which had been banned in Austria since June 19, 1933.

While in Riedlingsdorf on February 11, 1934, a Sunday, the rare custom of pulling a bloch was held, the next day civil war broke out in many parts of Austria. The entire Burgenland was spared the fighting, but the consequences of this conflict also hit small towns like Riedlingsdorf massively.

Around 14 percent of the population of Burgenland at that time were Protestants, while in the Oberwart district their share was 33 percent, in Riedlingsdorf and in many of its neighboring communities this figure was more than 70 percent. The Protestant communities in southern Burgenland, which are traditionally dominated by farmers, were politically represented by the Landbund , a party that openly advocated the annexation of Austria to the German Empire . When the party in the corporate state was dissolved and Austrofascism, which was strongly influenced by the Catholic Church, increased the pressure on the Protestant community, the course was set for many Protestants to see a new political home in the National Socialism movement. In the case of Riedlingsdorf, there was also the fact that the National Socialists in Burgenland found a charismatic leader in the person of Tobias Portschy , a lawyer from the neighboring village of Unterschützen, through whose influence the Oberwart district was developed into a stronghold of National Socialism within Burgenland.

The banned NSDAP continued to exist underground and continued to attract a large number of people. The illegal National Socialists from Riedlingsdorf and the neighboring communities came together for secret meetings in a forest in Riedlingsdorfer Ortsried Lahnen . The place of these meetings was marked by a stone popularly known as the Hitlerstein .

The illegal SA Brigade Burgenland, which was composed of SA standards 76 and 83, also recruited members from the Riedlingsdorf National Socialists. These belonged to Standard 83, which was responsible for southern Burgenland and derived its standard number from the former kuk infantry regiment "Freiherr von Schikofsky" No. 83.

On February 1, 1936, the newspaper Burgenlandisches Volksblatt reported that a group of people in Oberwart had tried to found a National Socialist underground cell. The men had been searched and found guilty of the crime of secret union . The membership lists found in the course of house searches led to another wave of arrests from February 3, which demonstrably also affected some Riedlingsdorfers. The men had to serve their several months' imprisonment in the Vienna Floridsdorf prison .

The following years with their dreary economic situation in Austria led to a strengthening of the National Socialist movement. At a time when Federal Chancellor Kurt Schuschnigg was struggling for state independence ( Berchtesgaden Agreement ), a National Socialist rally with 8,000 participants took place in Oberwart on February 27, 1938. A second, even larger event with 14,000 participants, undoubtedly many from Riedlingsdorf, also took place in Oberwart on March 11th. On the night of March 12th and 13th, Austria was annexed to the German Reich .

With the Territorial Change Act of October 1st, 1938 , Burgenland lost its independence. The four northern districts came to the Reichsgau Niederdonau , while the southern Burgenland was connected to the Reichsgau Styria . Riedlingsdorf was part of Styria for the first time in its more than 600-year history .

Another measure taken by the new rulers in September 1938 was the abolition of the denominational school system in the Burgenland villages, a relic of the former affiliation to Hungary. For the school system in Riedlingsdorf this meant that a 180-year-old era was coming to an end on the Catholic side and a 140-year-old era on the Protestant side. For a large number of Burgenland clergymen, many of whom were particularly positive on the Protestant side, this decision marked a first personal fault line with the new regime.

In Riedlingsdorf itself, the initial euphoria about the connection soon gave way to disillusionment. At the end of 1938, the Wehrmacht began drafting men for military service in order to advance Nazi war preparations. On February 9, 1939, the entire Riedlingsdorf vintage 1913 was sampled and found to be suitable when closed. While the workers were drafted immediately, some of the farmers received a reprieve until autumn.

Johann Nicka, who was appointed head of the National Socialist People's Welfare in Riedlingsdorf on June 15, 1938 , wrote in a letter to his friend Adolf Kaipel, who had joined the Wehrmacht, that there were only more arguments and scuffles in the Riedlingsdorf local group of the NSDAP In his opinion, there wasn't much left of old comradeship from the time of illegality. In a second letter to his friend a few months later, he complained about hostility from the local population because Riedlingsdorfer, who were not NSDAP members, had to move in before him while he, as a former illegal worker, was still waiting to be drafted. Both men fell within three weeks in July 1942 when their divisions were advancing on Stalingrad , where they were destroyed in the Battle of Stalingrad .

Second World War

Entry on one of the glass plates in Hartheim Castle, reminiscent of Elisabeth Bundschuh

In addition to the 97 soldiers who died in the war, the era of National Socialism claimed other victims. At least three people fell victim to the National Socialists' euthanasia program , although the details of the death of Elisabeth Bundschuh, who was murdered in the Hartheim killing center in February 1941 , are known. A soldier was executed as a deserter in December 1944 and Alfred Hofer, who belonged to a communist resistance cell, was sentenced to death for high treason . He died in a concentration camp in 1944 . In his honor, the community put a plaque on a public building in Riedlingsdorf.

Effects of the air war

Original part of the B-17, which was shot down on May 10, 1944 over Riedlingsdorf

Riedlingsdorf was not a direct target of Allied bombing raids during World War II. Since it was in the flight path of the American bombers that attacked the industrial companies in Vienna and Wiener Neustadt , contrails of the flying bomber squadrons and the dull hum of thousands of aircraft engines were part of everyday life for the Riedlingsdorfers from mid-1943.

On May 10, 1944, the Fifteenth Air Force attacked the Wiener Neustädter Flugzeugwerke with around 400 bombers for the sixth time in this war . The German Air Force tried to repel this attack with around 200 fighters . In the ensuing air battle, 34 American and 17 German aircraft were shot down. One of these aircraft, a B-17 Flying Fortress , flew over the town of Riedlingsdorf with burning engines at around eleven o'clock. Eyewitnesses on the ground saw the American crew members parachute out of the machine. Search parties were immediately put together in Riedlingsdorf, which captured the pilot and the flight engineer in the community area unharmed. Six other crew members were taken prisoners of war in neighboring communities in the next few hours. Two crew members could no longer get out of the burning machine and fell with it into a forest on the border with Buchschachen. In the meantime, they were buried in the local cemetery in Buchschachen before they found their final resting place in an American military cemetery after the end of the war.

Another air raid on Wiener Neustadt took place on May 24, 1944 . After the aircraft factories had been completely destroyed in the previous attacks, the air attack by over 200 bombers was aimed at the Wiener Neustädter Luftpark. While the American attackers lost 16 aircraft, the German air forces recorded the loss of 14 aircraft. One of these aircraft, a Messerschmitt Bf 109 fighter , was shot down over Riedlingsdorf. The German plane crashed in a field on the Lampelfeld in the north of Riedlingsdorf, the pilot was able to save himself with the parachute. The American machine was flown by Lieutenant Robert C. Curtis, who ended the war with 14 confirmed aerial victories.

Last months of the war in Riedlingsdorf

Due to the militarily precarious situation in the German-Soviet War , the Reich Defense Commissioners were commissioned by a Führer decree on September 1, 1944 to plan and build fortifications along the Reich borders. The result of these efforts was to be the southeast wall , a system of positions that German war propaganda also called the Reich Defense Position . In the case of Styria, the Gauleiter Sigfried Uiberreither moved into the center of the action, who then ordered that civilian workers be sent to the German-Hungarian border to build positions. For Riedlingsdorf, this order meant that over the next few months women, older men and members of the Hitler Youth came to Schachendorf to go to Schanzen , as this work was popularly known .

In December 1944, the commander of the responsible military district XVIII , general of the mountain troops Julius Ringel , had the tactical staff sub-section north set up. The task of this military staff unit was not only to coordinate the construction work on the south-east wall construction in Styria, but also to establish fortifications in the hinterland. For Riedlingsdorf this sub-staff ordered the massive expansion of a local defense. A three-meter-deep and five-meter-wide anti-tank ditch was excavated, which ran across the Pinkatal in the south of the village. Remains of the grave are still preserved today in a forest in the southeast of Riedlingsdorf. Were on the flanks of the trench machine gun nests created a transitory trenches should also protect the east of the village. In addition to the local population, residents of many surrounding towns and people from Vienna were also involved in this construction work. When the front reached Riedlingsdorf at the beginning of April 1945, there was a lack of troops to occupy this system of positions. As the community fathers wrote in a report after the end of the war, a stroke of luck for the place, which was spared the fate of many East Styrian villages that were destroyed by artillery fire during the fighting there .

According to the municipality report, the village had to provide 39 Volkssturm men, nine of which were relocated to the south-east wall in Rechnitz as part of the Volkssturm battalion Oberwart 31/181 in order to be deployed in the A-line of the position system in the area Geschrittenstein to Schachendorf. On the evening of March 29, 1945 troops of the Soviet 9th Guards Army (XXXVII. Guards Rifle Corps) crossed the border in this area and captured Rechnitz by the next morning. The Volkssturm had withdrawn, several men had died, including one of the Riedlingsdorfer Volkssturm men. Since the Soviet troops were only covering forces for the Vienna operation , the place was able to return the next day from the SS Panzer Grenadier Replacement and Training Battalion 11, consisting mainly of young Dutchmen , of around 900 men recaptured and held until April 5th.

In this first week of April, the Soviet 26th Army, planned for the Oberwart area, marched on the border of the Reich. In her offensive, which started on April 5, her XXX. Rifle corps overcome the sparsely occupied German defensive positions without much effort and conquer the northern half of the Oberwart district in one go. On the evening of April 5, the foremost troops of the XXX marched. Rifle corps through Riedlingsdorf and still reached the Pinkafeld area. The next day the XXX. Rifle corps with around 25,000 men through Riedlingsdorf and Pinkafeld and tried to gain a foothold in Eastern Styria.

Riedlingsdorf had now become the front rear within a few hours. During the occupation of the village there was another dead Volkssturmmann who was found sleeping and armed by the Soviet troops and was then killed with dozens of bayonet stabs. On the one hand, as was unfortunately common for this phase of the war, there were the well-known side effects such as rape and looting, on the other hand the Riedlingsdorf children soon lost their shyness of the child-loving Soviet soldiers.

The Soviet 26th Army ordered an artillery detachment to Riedlingsdorf, which took up position south of the anti-tank ditch and intervened in the fighting at Markt Allhau, where the German resistance had increased. On April 7th, the SS Panzergrenadier Replacement and Training Battalion 11, which had been cut off by the Soviet Army on April 5th in Rechnitz, crossed the Pinkatal around three kilometers south of Riedlingsdorf. The battalion, decimated to around 600 men, managed to reach the forest area southeast of Riedlingsdorf with heavy losses, only to break through to the German positions on the Lafnitz the next morning . The Soviet artillery detachment near Riedlingsdorf also intervened in these battles and covered the breaching SS battalion with artillery fire.

In the run-up to these events, a number of villagers had gone to the supposedly safe Buchschachen, where they got caught between the fighting parties, some of which were fought bloody house-to-house fights, and another person from Riedlingsdorf died. While the fighting raged on in Eastern Styria and on the Styrian-Burgenland border, Riedlingsdorf had become a stage stop. Former members of the NSDAP were used by the Soviet troops for various tasks such as filling in trenches and exhuming fallen Soviet soldiers. In the course of April there were repeated killing of German soldiers by the Red Army in the local area. This involved, on the one hand, scattered soldiers from the border fighting who tried to reach the German lines on their own, and on the other hand, members of individual raiding troops who were scheduled to explore the Soviet leg. Depending on the source, between 12 and 14 German soldiers (community report or Austrian Black Cross ) lost their lives in these events.

As the community report prepared after the end of the war claimed, the village had by and large had luck in misfortune in the last months of the war. With one exception, the houses in the village remained undamaged and the number of civilians killed was also limited compared to other areas.

In the course of denazification measures, suspected people were banned from working, and some Riedlingsdorfers had to spend several months in detention camps like the one in Stadtschlaining before they could return to their civilian life.

Record of military losses among the male population

The war memorial on the village square. The roofing should symbolically lead over to the peace memorial, which is located opposite the war memorial.

The first Riedlingsdorfers were drafted into various associations of the German armed forces as early as 1938 . While at the beginning of the war the men were more likely to join associations of their home military districts XVII (Vienna) and XVIII (Salzburg) , such as the 44th Infantry Division , 297th Infantry Division , 3rd Mountain Division or 6th Mountain Division , were called up, this compatriot focus was increasingly lost in the course of the war.

Of the drafted Riedlingsdorf soldiers, a total of 97 lost their lives during or shortly after the Second World War . The following statistical information could be made from her death data , which the German Office (WAst) made available. It should be noted, however, that not all men have the same information such as date of death, place of death or unit.

Distribution of the fallen by units and year
Unit type	1941	1942	1943	1944	1945	total
Infantry Division	1	9	9	100	4th	33
Hunter divisions		2			1	03
Mountain Hunter Division		1	3	6th	1	11
Panzer / Panzer Grenadier Division	1				1	02
Waffen SS Division	2	1		1	1	05
Cavalry Division					1	01
Army troops	1	1	2	3	5	12
State riflemen		1		1	1	03
Navy				1		01
air force	1	1	2	1	2	07th
Volkssturm					1	01
Others				1		01
Unknown		2	2	4th	5	13
total	6th	18th0	18th0	280	230	93

Distribution of the fallen by area and year
area	1941	1942	1943	1944	1945	total
Africa		1	1			02
Balkans			1	4th	2	07th
Northern Europe		2	1	1		04th
Western Europe	1			3	1	05
Russia , Ukraine	5	14th0	120	110	2	44
Eastern Europe , Baltic States			1	4th	7th	12
Germany			1	1	2	04th
Austria		1		1	5	07th
Italy			1	2		03
Unknown				2	3	05
total	6th	18th0	18th0	290	22nd0	93

Neither the time nor the place of death of four soldiers is known.

The losses amounted to approximately 12% of the male population. This corresponded almost exactly to the average of the dead in Germany, while the proportion of dead in the male population in Austria was 8%. In comparison, the military losses in the former German eastern regions were exceptionally high at 20%.

After the Second World War

The municipality of Riedlingsdorf, under the leadership of Mayor Erwin Kaipel, has tried very hard in recent years to deal with the problematic historical legacy. They had built in 2002 on the redesigned village square opposite the War Memorial a peace monument that a dove of peace adorns. Both monuments are roofed with a glass and steel construction, which symbolically represents the transition from this dark time to an epoch of peace.

Riedlingsdorf has been a market town since September 21, 2007.

Population development

Evangelical Church Riedlingsdorf

Culture and sights

Riedlingsdorf branch church

Catholic branch church Riedlingsdorf hl. Urban

societies

House of the FF Riedlingsdorf

Male choir Riedlingsdorf with standard bearer Bernhard Bruckner,
May 2, 2009

The clubs make a very important contribution to everyday life in a village . This is also the case in Riedlingsdorf, where numerous clubs enrich life.

Riedlingsdorf volunteer fire department: On September 8, 1880, 54 citizens of Riedlingsdorf gathered in the school building and founded the Rödön (Riedlingsdorf) volunteer fire department . The first fire brigade commander was Johann Endler. In October 1977 the youth fire department was founded. On average, the fire brigade handles around 40 missions a year. The new fire station was inaugurated in 2001. The equipment consists of a tank fire engine, a fire engine and a small rescue vehicle. The 70 active members and the 12 members of the youth fire brigade are led by Commandant Stefan Zettl.

Men's choral society Eintracht Riedlingsdorf: Elementary school teacher Johann Posch and thirteen other Riedlingsdorfer founded the club in 1903. Johann Posch took over the choral society as chairman and choir director . The First World War interrupted the club's activities. After being re-established in 1929, the club had to be founded a third time because of the Second World War. Both start-ups took place under the direction of chairman Adolf Trattner. Elementary school director Johann Huber headed the association for years as a choir director. Today the 20 active singers are led by chairman Peter Piff and choir director Elisabeth Bundschuh, who is the first and only female club member in the club's 115-year history.

ASKÖ Riedlingsdorf: As RAC (Riedlingsdorfer Athletik-Club) the football club was launched on October 19, 1930. The Second World War interrupted the club's activities, and championship operations were only resumed in the 1947/48 season. Today the club plays under the direction of chairman Dietmar Ringbauer in the 2nd class A south.

Successes of the association:

1947/48: Master of the 2nd class A south
1954/55: 1st class A south champion
1957/58: 1st class champion
1999/2000: Master of the 2nd class A south
2012/13: Master of the 2nd class A south

Seasons in the Burgenland State League : 1955/56, 1958/59, 1959/60

Riedlingsdorf local group of pensioners: founded in 1959 under the direction of Johann Simon, it is part of the Austrian pensioners' association . The founding chairman (1959–1975) was followed by Johann Bendl (1975 to 1990), Johann Arthofer (1990 to 2011, honorary chairman since 2011) and Adolf Galfusz (2011 to 2013). Today the association is chaired by Anita Kuh. The association has around 20 active and more than 100 supporting members. Once a month people meet in the club room to gossip and play over coffee and cake. They go on trips and celebrate the retirement party once a year, to which many visitors come.

Beautification Association Riedlingsdorf: Founding year: Founded in 1963 by Mayor Tobias Zapfel, the association took over in 1973 long-term mayor NR Ing. Erwin Kaipel . During his tenure, the club was expanded to include a tennis section. Three tennis courts and a clubhouse were built. The large children's playground with a biotope in the north of the village was also built in these years. Wilfried Bruckner took over the association in 1987 and handed over the management to the current chairman Ludwig Fleck in 2000. The association takes care of flower arrangements and maintenance of the townscape. Among other things, the state victory in the flower competition was achieved in 2004. The beautification association is also responsible for organizing the annual hall cleaning.

Children's playground in the north of Riedlingsdorf in spring 2002

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Former Riedlingsdorf stop

Train: In Riedlingsdorf there was a stop for the Pinkatalbahn .

Educational institutions

Development of the school system

The school system in Riedlingsdorf was dominated by the two religious communities until 1938; Only after Austria was annexed to the Third Reich did the state become responsible.

State reforms of the 18th and 19th centuries

With the general school regulations for the German normal, secondary and trivial schools in all of the Imperial Royal Hereditary Lands in 1774, Empress Maria Theresia regulated school operations in the Austrian Crown Lands . So-called trivial schools , which are considered to be the forerunners of the elementary school, were ordered for smaller villages . They represented a two-class school form in which reading, writing and arithmetic were taught in addition to religion. The provisions of the “Theresian School Regulations” were initially only binding for the Austrian part of the Habsburg monarchy, with the “Ratio educationis” these provisions were also prescribed for the Hungarian countries in 1777. However, they only applied there to Catholic schools, while the Protestant communities successfully defended themselves against state interference.

But even so, resistance against the reforms of Maria Theresa and her son Joseph II spread on the Hungarian side , because the latter introduced the German language as the language of instruction in the school forms superordinate to the trivial school. After his death, this provision was withdrawn, a new "Ratio educationis" published in 1806 then led to a uniform curriculum, at least in the Catholic schools, while the refusal of the Protestant communities in their schools resulted in great qualitative differences because of the teaching each strongly depended on the local framework.

Development of the Catholic school system in Riedlingsdorf

The first Catholic teacher who can be verified in Riedlingsdorf was Leopold Fleckh in 1759, and in 1772 the teacher was called Leopold Röck. He was described in the canonical visitation of 1779 as 64 years old, born in Gratwein , with 21 years of service. According to the description of this visitation, the school was run as two-class according to the recommendations of the "Ratio Educationis" of 1777, with the children of the first class being taught spelling and religion. Second grade instruction included scripture reading, arithmetic, and religion. There was also an offer of music lessons for "fit" students. There was no school on Thursday, as was the whole of October, which was supposed to allow the teacher to relax and to clean the school house. The " wine month " was probably chosen as a free month because in Riedlingsdorf at that time wine was still grown and the children were needed for the grape harvest .

In 1799 a Sunday school was set up, which was intended for young people who had left school and for servants. The canonical visitation of 1832 described the schoolhouse as a thatched-roof house with two rooms, a kitchen and a chamber. It was at number 70 and was located on Dorfstrasse below the Riedlingsdorf branch church . The respective Catholic teacher owned four fields and three meadows, and the families had to deliver one or two measure of winter wheat to him every year, depending on their wealth . Compensation was given in the form of cash benefits for ringing bells or singing at a funeral.

Compared to his colleagues in the Protestant school, the Catholic teacher had to teach relatively few children. In 1855, only 16 boys and 12 girls attended the Catholic school, while a year later 141 children attended the Protestant school. The last head of the Catholic school was Karl Hazivar from Riedlingsdorf, before school responsibility was transferred to state institutions when Austria was annexed in 1938.

Development of the Protestant school system in Riedlingsdorf

The development of the Protestant school system in Riedlingsdorf was closely related to Joseph II's tolerance patent , which ultimately led to the establishment of a Protestant school in the village on September 21, 1794. Before that, according to a review made by chaplain Theophil Beyer in 1899, there was a Riedlingsdorfer who was no longer known by name and who lived in house 185 and who had voluntarily taught the local Protestant children in reading, writing and arithmetic as well as in religion.

The first Protestant school was housed in house 158 (today Mühlgasse 8). Andreas Portschy, born in Unterschützen, was the first Protestant teacher in Riedlingsdorf, and he was in this position from 1795 to 1842. The following "Classification and sequence of public lessons", which 13-year-old Gottlieb Kaipel from Riedlingsdorf wrote down in his exercise book in 1834, illustrates how the lessons he conducted with more than 150 children were:

	1 hour	2 hours	3rd hour
On Mondays and Thursdays
Morning	The larger ones as well as the middle ones are recitations from the hymn book by heart	Reading from the hymn book and arithmetic	The older school children write, the smaller recitals
In the afternoon	Reading from the hymn book and arithmetic	The older and middle school children write	The little schoolchildren say up
On Tuesdays and Fridays
Morning	The larger and middle students say by heart in the catechism on	Reading from the hymn book and arithmetic	The older school children write, the smaller recitals
In the afternoon	Reading from the reader and arithmetic	The older and middle school children write	The little schoolchildren say up
On Wednesdays and Saturdays
Morning	Recitations of the Gospel	Repetitions from biblical history	Practice your spelling

In the years after Andreas Portschy left school, there were several teacher changes. It was not until Samuel Bruckner that a teacher held the post again for a longer period between 1849 and 1872. During his tenure, the Protestant community built a new schoolhouse in 1849 (house number 53), which was popularly known as the "tower school" due to a small bell tower that was added in 1852. Up to this point, a bell in their church had been shared with the Catholic community. The tower school was described in a report from 1859 as a solidly built, tile-roofed schoolhouse with a school and living room, a kitchen, pantry and cellar. Under the successor of Samuel Bruckner, a second class was set up in 1876, there were now lower and upper grades, and a second teacher was hired to improve the quality of the teaching of around 170 children. Since these two classes in the tower school were only separated from each other by a partition wall, an abandoned inn (house 218) was purchased in 1896, in which one of the two classes was housed from then on.

In 1899, Johann Posch, who was born in Oberschützen, came to Riedlingsdorf as a teacher. In the 32 years of his activity he founded the men's choir "Eintracht" Riedlingsdorf in 1903 and worked as a local archaeologist by examining some of the Riedlingsdorf burial mounds from Roman times. In 1909 the third Protestant class was opened; it was housed in the service wing of house 218 and is still a structural part of the Protestant community center today. With the annexation of Austria to the German Reich, the three classes of the Protestant community became the responsibility of the state.

State school system from 1938

When the National Socialists came to power, the denominational schools were converted into state educational institutions and now formed the Riedlingsdorf elementary school, but nothing changed in the structural situation, the lessons were still held in the four existing classes. Due to the political changes and the war events, there were some changes in the teaching staff over the next few years. A constant in the school operation in Riedlingsdorf after the end of the Second World War was the teacher Adolf Unger, who was responsible for eight school levels, which continued to be taught in the four existing classrooms. During this time, the number of students fluctuated between 150 and 160 students. With Hans Hutter and Johann Huber, two teachers came to the village in the 1940s and 1950s, who subsequently trained several generations of Riedlingsdorf children and also played important roles in the local club culture.

The 1960s were characterized on the one hand by a slow decline in the number of pupils, but on the other hand by the need to think about building a new school building after a commission from the state school council had confirmed the desolate conditions in the existing buildings as early as 1964. These considerations resulted in the construction of the so-called "central school", a building in which all four school classes could be accommodated. As it turned out later, the wrong decision was made when choosing the construction method ( aerated concrete prefabricated parts ), which 35 years later resulted in another new building. The first of these two central schools was inaugurated in 1971. The number of pupils began to decrease rapidly, mainly because the upper level of the elementary school was being phased out and after completing the lower level the children instead switched to the secondary school in Pinkafeld, the Oberschützen high school or other schools.

In 1988, following a vote among parents, the five-day week was introduced. Since the school building, which was inaugurated in 1971, no longer allowed adequate teaching due to its structural defects, a new school building was built by the Oberwart housing association. This building complex, which we were able to move into in March 2007, is now part of the Riedlingsdorf community center and, in combination with its infrastructure and the school's own large multi-purpose gymnasium, can also be used for larger cultural events.

Due to the decline in the birth rate in recent years, the number of classes at the Riedlingsdorf elementary school has fluctuated between two and four classes in the recent past; it is currently run in three classes. In order to streamline administration in the educational sector, the state of Burgenland created so-called school clusters, with the Riedlingsdorf elementary school forming such a cluster together with the elementary schools in Loipersdorf-Kitzladen and Neustift an der Lafnitz . This is currently managed by the director of the Neustift an der Lafnitz elementary school.

politics

Municipal council

Local council election 2017

%

80

70

60

50

40

30th

20th

10

0

53.31
(-18.13)

24.33
(+1.17)

13.75
( n. K. )

8.61
(+3.21)

ZLR ^A1

Riedlingsdorf municipal office

The council comprises a total of 19 members based on the number of eligible voters.

Results of the municipal council elections since 1997
Political party	2017			2012			2007			2002			1997
Political party	Sti.	%	M.	Sti.	%	M.	Sti.	%	M.	Sti.	%	M.	Sti.	%	M.
SPÖ	539	53.31	11	728	71.44	14th	832	73.18	14th	828	72.76	14th	725	70.80	14th
ÖVP	246	24.33	5	236	23.16	4th	223	19.61	4th	190	16.70	3	173	16.89	3
ZLR ^A1	139	13.75	2	not running			not running			not running			not running
FPÖ	87	8.61	1	55	5.40	1	82	7.21	1	120	10.54	2	126	12.30	2
Eligible voters	1442			1436			1436			1407			1296
voter turnout	76.91%			77.99%			84.05%			86.85%			85.73%

^A1 Zwiefler List Riedlingsdorf

Parish council

In addition to Mayor Wilfried Bruckner (SPÖ) and Deputy Mayor Gerald Radasits (SPÖ), the executive councils André Klein (SPÖ), Florian Piff (ÖVP) and Dietmar Zapfel (SPÖ) also belong to the community board.

In the constituent meeting of the municipal council, Sonja Steger was elected to the municipal treasurer and Gerald Radasits (SPÖ) to the environmental council.

mayor

Mayor is Wilfried Bruckner (SPÖ). After Erwin Kaipel (SPÖ), who had headed the community since 1987, announced his resignation as mayor in April 2012, Bruckner was elected as his successor by the local council. In the direct mayor election on October 7, 2012, he was confirmed in office with 73.05%. His competitor Florian Piff (ÖVP) received 26.95%. In the election on October 1, 2017, he was re-elected as mayor in the first ballot with 55.18%. As in 2012, Florian Piff lost with 27.26% and Mario Schuh scored 17.56% for the new Zwiefler list (ZLR). The SPÖ suffered losses in the municipal council election.

Gerald Radasits (SPÖ) was elected Vice Mayor at the constituent meeting of the municipal council.

The head of the municipal office is Gerhard Ziermann.

Personalities

Honorary citizen

2007: Hans Niessl (* 1951), Governor of Burgenland 2000–2019

Sons and daughters of the church

Alfred Hofer († 1944), resistance fighter and Nazi victim
Elisabeth Bundschuh (* 1899, † 1941 in Hartheim Castle ), Nazi euthanasia victim
Erwin Kaipel (* 1952), mayor and member of the National Council
Wilhelm Kaipel (* 1948), soccer goalkeeper and coach
Tobias Piff (* 1879, † 1927), smallholder and politician
Gustav Rehberger (* 1910, † 1995), Austrian-American artist and cartoonist

Web links

Commons : Riedlingsdorf - Collection of images, videos and audio files

10920 - Riedlingsdorf. Community data, Statistics Austria .
Website of the municipality of Riedlingsdorf

Individual evidence

↑ Josef Weinzettl: Natural conditions in and around Riedlingsdorf in 680 years market community Riedlingsdorf , publisher Marktgemeinde Riedlingsdorf, self-published, Riedlingsdorf 2011, pp. 66 to 68

^ Josef Weinzettl: Natural conditions in and around Riedlingsdorf. Riedlingsdorf 2011, pp. 74 to 75

↑ From the “Little Ice Age” to the “Great Hot Time” (PDF) , website www.lwf.bayern.de, accessed on April 26, 2018.

^ Spruce trees threatened by heat and bark beetles , website burgenland.orf.at, accessed on April 26, 2018.

↑ Hurricane devastates parts of Burgenland , website burgenland.orf.at, accessed on April 26, 2018.

↑ 2016 Forest Funding for the Development of Rural Areas 2014–2020 for the Federal State of Burgenland (PDF) , website www.burgenland.at, accessed on April 26, 2018.

^ Josef Weinzettl: Natural conditions in and around Riedlingsdorf. Riedlingsdorf 2011, pp. 76 to 77

↑ Burgenland Historical Atlas, Scientific Works from Burgenland, Volume 141, Editor Office of the Burgenland Provincial Government, Eisenstadt 2011, ISBN 978-3-85405-185-5 , p. 22.

↑ Historical Atlas Burgenland, Eisenstadt 2011, p. 25.

↑ ^a ^b Photos from the excavation on the Lampelfeld in 2002 , accessed on August 3, 2013.

^ Website of the Stadtmuseum Pinkafeld , accessed on April 26, 2018.

↑ Wilfried Salber: Iron production in the area of Riedlingsdorf in 680 years market community Riedlingsdorf , publisher Marktgemeinde Riedlingsdorf, self-published, Riedlingsdorf 2011, p. 14.

^ Wilfried Salber: Iron production in the area of Riedlingsdorf. Riedlingsdorf 2011, p. 15.

^ Susanne Sievers , Otto Helmut Urban , Peter C. Ramsl: Lexicon for Celtic Archeology. A-K; LZ . Publishing house of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna 2012, ISBN 978-3-7001-6765-5 , p. 1586. (with a picture of a found tapping cake).

^ ^A ^b ^c Wilfried Salber: Iron production in the area of Riedlingsdorf. Riedlingsdorf 2011, p. 16.

↑ ^a ^b Riedlingsdorf 1331–1991, commemorative publication for the 660th anniversary, published by the municipality of Riedlingsdorf in 1991.

^ Marianne Pollak: Archaeological preservation of monuments during the Nazi era in Austria: Annotated Regesta for the "Ostmark". Verlag Böhlau, Vienna 2015, ISBN 978-3-205-20123-6 , pp. 54 and 55

↑ ^a ^b The history of the city of Pinkafeld, by Josef Karl Homma as well as Harald Prickler and Johann Seedoch, published by the city of Pinkafeld in 1987.

↑ Eberhard Kranzmayer, Karl Bürger: Burgenland settlement names book. Eisenstadt 1957.

↑ ^a ^b Atlas-Burgenland: Grenzwächtersiedlungen, website www.atlas-burgenland.at, accessed on May 24, 2018.

^ Karl Seper: Unterwarter Heimatbuch - history, culture and economy of a community in southern Burgenland. Unterwart 1976, pp. 18 and 19

^ Atlas-Burgenland: Oberwart , website www.atlas-burgenland.at, accessed on May 24, 2018.

^ Atlas-Burgenland: The Lords of Güssing , website www.atlas-burgenland.at, accessed on May 24, 2018.

↑ ^a ^b Atlas-Burgenland: The German Settlement of West Hungary , website www.atlas-burgenland.at, accessed on May 24, 2018.

↑ Oberschützen , website www.austriasites.com, accessed on May 25, 2018.

↑ The Güssinger Fehde , website www.burgenkunde.at, accessed on May 25, 2018.

↑ ^a ^b ^c Atlas-Burgenland: Pinkafeld , website www.atlas-burgenland.at, accessed on May 24, 2018.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ Atlas-Burgenland: Die Herrschaft Bernstein , website atlas-burgenland.at, accessed on May 23, 2018.

^ Eduard Maria von Lichnowsky: History of the House of Habsburg: Emperor Friedrich III. and King Ladislav. Verlag Schaumburg und Compagnie, Vienna 1842, p. 73.

↑ JW Riedler: Austrian archive for history, geography, national studies, art and literature. Beck'sche Universitätsbuchhandlung Verlag , Vienna 1833, p. 7.

↑ Ried Overview of cadastral Riedlingsdorf, publisher tourist and Beautification Association Riedlingsdorf, Riedlingsdorf 1995th

↑ ^a ^b ^c Christoph Tepperberg: Der Holzknechtseppl in 680 years market community Riedlingsdorf , publisher Marktgemeinde Riedlingsdorf, self-published, Riedlingsdorf 2011, p. 21.

^ Johann Huber: The story of Riedlingsdorf. Manuscript, private collection, p. 2.

↑ Information board Schlachtenkreuz , municipality Pinkafeld

↑ Harald Prickler: Christoph von Königsberg. In: Burgenland homeland sheets. PDF on ZOBODAT

^ Johann Huber: The story of Riedlingsdorf. Manuscript, private collection, p. 12.

^ ^A ^b Josef Karl Homma: History of the City of Pinkafeld. Self-published by the municipality of Pinkafeld in 1987.

^ Bertrand Michael Buchmann: Austria and the Ottoman Empire. A bilateral story. Vienna 1999, p. 96.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Village history of Riedlingsdorf - Urban from 1569 , website mgvriedlingsdorf.heimat.eu, accessed on May 31, 2018.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Johann Huber: The story of Riedlingsdorf - copy Urbar 1569. Manuscript, private collection, pp. 9 to 12

↑ Harald Prickler: The bucket - a contribution to the medieval-modern measurement of the Burgenland area. In: Burgenland homeland sheets. PDF on ZOBODAT

↑ ^a ^b 660 years Riedlingsdorf: Vulgonamen - Hausnames , Riedlingsdorf 1991, pp. 111 to 115

↑ The Bocskai Uprising and the Restoration of the Transylvanian State , website www.arcanum.hu, accessed June 1, 2018.

↑ ^a ^b ^c Atlas-Burgenland: The Bocskai-Aufstand , website www.atlas-burgenland.at, accessed on June 1, 2018.

^ Johann Huber: The story of Riedlingsdorf. Manuscript, private collection

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Atlas-Burgenland: Die Batthyánys , website www.atlas-burgenland.at, accessed on June 1, 2018.

↑ Atlas Burgenland: The Batthyány Private Army, website www.atlas-burgenland.at, accessed on June 1, 2018.

↑ Atlas-Burgenland: Südburgenländischer Bauernaufstand 1756/66 , website www.atlas-burgenland.at, accessed on June 1, 2018.

^ Johann Huber: The story of Riedlingsdorf. Manuscript, private collection, p. 16.

^ Johann Huber: The story of Riedlingsdorf. Manuscript, private collection, p. 14ff.

^ Johann Huber: The story of Riedlingsdorf. Manuscript, private collection, pp. 11 and 16

^ Josef Karl Homma, Harald Prickler, Johann Seedoch: History of the City of Pinkafeld. Pinkafeld 1987, pp. 38 and 39

^ Josef Karl Homma, Harald Prickler, Johann Seedoch: History of the City of Pinkafeld. Pinkafeld 1987, p. 39.

↑ Fritz Posch: Flaming Frontier - Styria in the Kuruzzenstürmen. Verlag Styria, Graz 1986, ISBN 3-222-11691-1 , pp. 71 and 72

↑ Fritz Posch: Flaming Frontier - Styria in the Kuruzzenstürmen. Graz 1986, p. 75.

↑ Fritz Posch: Flaming Frontier - Styria in the Kuruzzenstürmen. Graz 1986, p. 121.

↑ Fritz Posch: Flaming Frontier - Styria in the Kuruzzenstürmen. Graz 1986, p. 157.

^ Johann Huber: The story of Riedlingsdorf. Manuscript, private collection, p. 18.

↑ Fritz Posch: Flaming Frontier - Styria in the Kuruzzenstürmen. Graz 1986, pp. 169 to 172

↑ Fritz Posch: Flaming Frontier - Styria in the Kuruzzenstürmen. Graz 1986, pp. 230 to 236

↑ Fritz Posch: Flaming Frontier - Styria in the Kuruzzenstürmen. Graz 1986, pp. 267 to 269

↑ ^a ^b Christoph Tepperberg: Der Holzknechtseppl. Riedlingsdorf 2011, p. 23.

↑ harangue, when Nicholas Schmiedhofer, vulgo Holzknecht Seppel November 20, was executed in 1828 by Strange , weinhofer.wordpress.com website, accessed on 28 April 2018th

^ ^A ^b ^c ^d Karl Seper: Unterwarter Heimatbuch - history, culture and economy of a community in southern Burgenland. Published by the community of Unterwart, self-published, Unterwart 1976.

↑ György Tilcsik: Wimmer and the Hungarian Revolution 1848/49 in Oberschützener Museumsblätter , publisher Museumsverein Oberschützen, self-published, Oberschützen 2004, p. 17ff.

↑ György Tilcsik: Wimmer and the Hungarian Revolution in 1848/49. Oberschützen 2004, p. 20.

↑ György Tilcsik: Wimmer and the Hungarian Revolution in 1848/49. Oberschützen 2004, pp. 23 and 24

↑ György Tilcsik: Wimmer and the Hungarian Revolution in 1848/49. Oberschützen 2004, pp. 25 and 26

↑ ^a ^b ^c Atlas-Burgenland: The " Farmer Liberation" (basic relief) , website www.atlas-burgenland.at, accessed on May 21, 2018.

^ Johann Graf Mailáth : The Hungarian Urbarial System or of the landlord and the farmer exchange relationship in Hungary , Verlag Conrad Adolf Hartleben, Pesth and Leipzig 1838, p. 3.

^ Johann Graf Mailáth: The Hungarian land system or the landlord and the farmer exchange relationship in Hungary. Pesth and Leipzig 1838, p. 36.

↑ 660 years of Riedlingsdorf: Hungary - Austria - German Empire , Riedlingsdorf 1991, pp. 21 and 22

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d Atlas Burgenland - From Neo-absolutism to Compensation , website www.atlas-burgenland.at, accessed on May 22, 2018.

↑ Johann Seedoch: Markt Allhau and Buchschachen from the revolution of 1848 to the creation of Burgenland in 1921. Markt Allhau 2010, p. 120.

↑ Johann Seedoch: Allhau market and Buchschachen from the revolution of 1848 to the creation of Burgenland 1921 Markt Allhau 2010 S. 121st

↑ Johann Seedoch: Allhau market and Buchschachen from the revolution of 1848 to the creation of Burgenland 1921 Markt Allhau 2010 S. 128th

↑ 660 years of Riedlingsdorf: Hungary - Austria - German Empire , Riedlingsdorf 1991, p. 21.

↑ 660 years of Riedlingsdorf: Hungary - Austria - German Empire , Riedlingsdorf 1991, p. 38.

↑ ^a ^b Atlas Burgenland - Magyarisierung , website www.atlas-burgenland.at, accessed on May 22, 2018.

↑ ^a ^b 660 years of Riedlingsdorf: Hungary - Austria - German Empire , Riedlingsdorf 1991, p. 22.

↑ Johann Seedoch: Markt Allhau and Buchschachen from the revolution of 1848 to the creation of Burgenland in 1921. Markt Allhau 2010, p. 129.

↑ Hubert Zeinar: History of the Austrian General Staff . Böhlau, Vienna 2006, ISBN 3-205-77415-9 , p. 417 .

↑ Austro-Hungarian general assigned to the Austrian Landwehr 1914 , www.austro-hungarian-army.co.uk website, accessed on 5 March 2018th

↑ Portrait photo of Karl Freiherr von Schikofsky , website www.bildarchivaustria.at, accessed on March 5, 2018.

^ Occupation of the 83rd Infantry Regiment, 1909 , website www.mlorenz.at, accessed on March 5, 2018.

↑ József Doromby: A volt cs. és kir. 83-as és 106-os gyalogezredek története és emlékkönyve . Budapest 1934, p. 17th ff .

^ Eduard Czegka: From the outbreak of war to the outcome of the battle at LimanowaLapanów . Verlag der Militärwissenschaftlichen Mitteilungen, Vienna 1931, p. ff .

↑ József Doromby: A volt cs. és kir. 83-as és 106-os gyalogezredek története és emlékkönyve. Budapest 1934, pp. 149ff.

^ Anton Freiherr von Lehár: Lehár Regiment 106. Vienna, p. 75ff.

↑ József Doromby: A volt cs. és kir. 83-as és 106-os gyalogezredek története és emlékkönyve. Budapest 1934, p. 164ff.

↑ casualty lists of World War 1 - search term "Rödöny" , website digi.landesbibliothek.at, accessed on May 3, 2018th

↑ Directory of donors from 1924 for the war memorial , website members.aon.at/dbundsch, accessed on May 4, 2018.

↑ Gerald Schlag: The Battles for Burgenland 1921 . Verlag öbvhpt, Vienna 1978, ISBN 3-215-02811-5 , p. 1 and 2 .

↑ Gerald Schlag: The fights for Burgenland 1921. Vienna 1978, p. 3.

^ Paul Szemere, Erich Czech: Habsburgs way from Wilhelm to Briand. From the courier of Sixtus letters to the royal coup driver. The memoirs of Count Tamas von Erdődy. Amalthea, Zurich - Leipzig - Vienna 1931, p. 431 to 442 .

↑ Hans H. Piff: From Pinkafö to Pinkafeld - A local historical walk . Self-published, Pinkafeld 2013, ISBN 978-3-200-03374-0 , p. 228 and 229 .

↑ Gerald Schlag: The fights for Burgenland 1921. Vienna 1978, p. 6 and 7

↑ Gerald Schlag: The fights for Burgenland 1921. Vienna 1978, p. 8.

↑ Hans H. Piff: From Pinkafö to Pinkafeld, A local historical walk. Pinkafeld 2013, pp. 451 to 456

↑ Hans H. Piff: From Pinkafö to Pinkafeld, A local historical walk. Pinkafeld 2013, pp. 461 to 465

↑ 660 years of Riedlingsdorf: Hungary - Austria - German Empire , Riedlingsdorf 1991, p. 23.

↑ Katalin Soos: Burgenland and the politics of the Hungarian governments in Hart an der Grenz , Vienna 1992, p. 39.

↑ Katalin Soos: Burgenland and the politics of the Hungarian governments in Hart an der Grenz , Vienna 1992, p. 40.

↑ Hans H. Piff: From Pinkafö to Pinkafeld, A local historical walk. Pinkafeld 2013, pp. 491 to 493

↑ Gerald Schlag: The fights for Burgenland 1921. Vienna 1978, pp. 26 and 27

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Heinz Bundschuh: Emigration - List of Riedlingsdorfer emigrants in 680 years of the market town of Riedlingsdorf , publisher of the market town of Riedlingsdorf, self-published, Riedlingsdorf 2011, p. 26 to 29

^ Walter Dujmovits: The migration of the Burgenlanders to America. Verlag Desch-Drexler, Pinkafeld 1992, ISBN 3-8442-2374-6 , p. 23.

^ Walter Dujmovits: The migration of the Burgenlanders to America. Pinkafeld 1992, p. 31.

^ Walter Dujmovits: The migration of the Burgenlanders to America. Pinkafeld 1992, p. 211.

^ The Statue of Liberty - Ellis Island Foundation: Passenger Search , website www.libertyellisfoundation.org, accessed April 28, 2018.

↑ Bremen Passenger Lists - joint project with the Chamber of Commerce and the Bremen State Archives , website www.bremer-passagierlisten.de, accessed on January 18, 2014.

^ Heinz Bundschuh: Emigration - Riedlingsdorf Emigration in Numbers. Riedlingsdorf 2011, pp. 29 to 30

↑ Walter Faymann: The long shadows of the past. Publisher edition lex listz 12, Oberwart 2015, p. 93.

↑ Matthias Schmelzer, Harald Wendelin: The Burgenland Protestantism between Hungary and Austria in Hart on the border - Burgenland and West Hungary , editors Traude Horvath and Eva Müllner, Verlag für Gesellschaftskritik, Vienna 1992, ISBN 3-85115-165-8 , p. 71 .

↑ Walter Faymann: The long shadows of the past. Oberwart 2015, p. 159.

^ Matthias Schmelzer, Harald Wendelin: The Burgenland Protestantism between Hungary and Austria. Vienna 1992, p. 86.

↑ Walter Faymann: The long shadows of the past. Oberwart 2015, p. 118.

↑ Walter Faymann: The long shadows of the past. Oberwart 2015, p. 149.

^ Letters and documents related to Riedlingsdorf from 1935 to 1945 , private collection Heinz Bundschuh

↑ Ursula Mindler: "I have a lot to tell, but I won't say anything ..." - Oberwart 1938. Publishing house edition lex liszt 12, Oberwart 2008, ISBN 978-3-901757-79-2 , p. 26.

↑ Ursula Mindler: "I have a lot to tell, but I won't say anything about that ..." - Oberwart 1938. Oberwart 2008, pp. 28 and 29

↑ Walter Faymann: The long shadows of the past. Oberwart 2015, pp. 280 to 282

^ Heinz Bundschuh: Protestant school system until 1938 in 680 years of the market town of Riedlingsdorf until 1938 , Riedlingsdorf 2011, p. 53.

↑ Manfred Kockert: Catholic school system until 1938 in 680 years of the market town of Riedlingsdorf until 1938 , Riedlingsdorf 2011, p. 55.

^ Matthias Schmelzer, Harald Wendelin: The Burgenland Protestantism between Hungary and Austria. Vienna 1992, p. 87.

↑ Heinz Bundschuh: Riedlingsdorf in the Second World War in 680 years market community Riedlingsdorf , publisher Marktgemeinde Riedlingsdorf, self-published, Riedlingsdorf 2011, p. 33.

↑ Ursula Mindler: "I have a lot to tell, but I won't say anything about that ..." - Oberwart 1938. Oberwart 2008, p. 47.

^ Adolf Kaipel in World War II , website regiowiki.at, accessed on April 30, 2018.

^ Heinz Bundschuh: Riedlingsdorf in the Second World War. Riedlingsdorf 2011, p. 34.

^ Heinz Bundschuh: Riedlingsdorf in the Second World War. Riedlingsdorf 2011, pp. 37 and 38

^ Herbert Brettl, Michael Hess: Nazi euthanasia in Burgenland . Eisenstadt 2015, ISBN 978-3-85405-179-4 , pp. 83 .

↑ ^a ^b Elisabeth Bundschuh , website regiowiki.at, accessed on January 14, 2015.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f 680 years market town Riedlingsdorf , publisher Marktgemeinde Riedlingsdorf, self-published, Riedlingsdorf 2011.

↑ Heinz Bundschuh: The aerial warfare over Riedlingsdorf in 680 years of the market town of Riedlingsdorf , publisher of the market town of Riedlingsdorf, self-published, Riedlingsdorf 2011, p. 41 and 42

↑ Markus Reisner: Bombs on Wiener Neustadt - The destruction of one of the most important armaments centers of the German Empire. 3rd revised edition, Kral-Verlag, Berndorf 2014, ISBN 978-3-99024-237-7 , pp. 646 to 651

↑ Heinz Bundschuh: The aerial warfare over Riedlingsdorf. Riedlingsdorf 2011, pp. 42 and 43

↑ Markus Reisner: Bombs on Wiener Neustadt - The destruction of one of the most important armaments centers of the German Empire. Berndorf 2014, pp. 711 and 720

↑ Heinz Bundschuh: The aerial warfare over Riedlingsdorf. Riedlingsdorf 2011, pp. 43 and 44

↑ Burgenland History Blog - Schanzen beim Südostwall, website www.brettl.at, accessed on May 3, 2018.

^ Manfried Rauchsteiner: The War in Austria 1945 . Österreichischer Bundesverlag, Vienna 1984, p. 80 .

^ Manfried Rauchsteiner: The war in Austria 1945. Vienna 1984, p. 96.

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Heinz Bundschuh: Riedlingsdorf in the Second World War - Invasion of the Red Army. Riedlingsdorf 2011, p. 47.

^ Manfried Rauchsteiner: The war in Austria 1945. Vienna 1984, p. 245.

↑ Manfried Rauchsteiner: The War in Austria 1945. Vienna 1984, p. 256 and 257

^ Manfried Rauchsteiner: The War in Austria 1945. Vienna 1984, pp. 258 and 262

^ Friedrich Brettner: The last battles of the Second World War: Pinka - Lafnitz - Hochwechsel . Self-published, Gloggnitz 1999, ISBN 3-9500669-3-4 , p. 21 to 26 .

↑ Website Riedlingsdorf in World War II - List of Fallen , accessed on January 12, 2014.

↑ Riedlingsdorf website during World War II - loss statistics , accessed on January 12, 2014.

^ Rüdiger Overmans : German military losses in World War II . Oldenbourg, Munich, 3rd edition. 2004, ISBN 3-486-20028-3 (Zugl .: Freiburg / Br., Univ., Diss., 1996).

↑ Statistics Austria: dissolutions or associations of municipalities from 1945

^ Homepage of the Riedlingsdorf Volunteer Fire Brigade , accessed on October 12, 2013.

↑ MGV Riedlingsdorf: A woman sets the tone after 113 years , website www.mein Bezirk.at, accessed on June 19, 2018.

^ Homepage of MGV Eintracht Riedlingsdorf , accessed on October 12, 2013.

↑ 80 years of ASKÖ Riedlingsdorf 1930–2010, published by ASKÖ Riedlingsdorf 2010.

^ Theresian school regulations in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna

^ Trivial school in the Vienna History Wiki of the City of Vienna

↑ ^a ^b Atlas Burgenland - The School System in the 18th Century , website www.atlas-burgenland.at, accessed on May 14, 2018.

↑ Manfred Kockert: Catholic school system in 680 years of market community Riedlingsdorf until 1938 , publisher Marktgemeinde Riedlingsdorf, self-published, Riedlingsdorf 2011, p. 53.

↑ ^a ^b Manfred Kockert: Catholic school system until 1938. Riedlingsdorf 2011, p. 55.

↑ ^a ^b Heinz Bundschuh: Protestant school system until 1938 in 680 years of the market town of Riedlingsdorf , publisher of the market town of Riedlingsdorf, self-published, Riedlingsdorf 2011, p. 51.

^ Heinz Bundschuh: Protestant school system until 1938. Riedlingsdorf 2011, p. 49.

^ ^A ^b Heinz Bundschuh: Protestant school system until 1938. Riedlingsdorf 2011, p. 50.

^ Heinz Bundschuh: Evangelical school system until 1938. Riedlingsdorf 2011, p. 53.

↑ Wilfried Salber: The elementary school Riedlingsdorf 1938 to 2011 in 680 years market community Riedlingsdorf until 1938 , publisher Marktgemeinde Riedlingsdorf, self-published, Riedlingsdorf 2011, pp. 54 and 55

^ Wilfried Salber: The Riedlingsdorf elementary school 1938 to 2011. Riedlingsdorf 2011, 55

^ Wilfried Salber: The elementary school Riedlingsdorf 1938 to 2011. Riedlingsdorf 2011, 57

↑ elementary school Riedlingsdorf www.riedlingsdorf.at, website, accessed on May 16, 2018th

↑ Priorities and innovations in the school sector , website www.burgenland.at, accessed on May 16, 2018.

↑ Two directors for five schools , website www.meinzeile.at, accessed on May 16, 2018.

↑ ^a ^b Province of Burgenland: election results Riedlingsdorf 2017 (accessed on January 14, 2018)

↑ ^a ^b Province of Burgenland: Riedlingsdorf 2012 election results (accessed on January 14, 2018)

↑ Province of Burgenland: election results Riedlingsdorf 2007 (accessed on January 14, 2018)

↑ ^a ^b Province of Burgenland: election results Riedlingsdorf 2002 (accessed on January 14, 2018)

↑ ^a ^b ^c Marktgemeinde Riedlingsdorf: From the municipal council (accessed on January 14, 2018)

↑ BVZ of April 4, 2012: Kaipel resigns, but rumors of a new job (accessed on January 14, 2018)

↑ Marktgemeinde Ridlingsdorf: Riedlingsdorf municipal office (accessed on January 14, 2018)

↑ http://www.riedlingsdorf.at/ehrenbuerger-auslösungen , accessed on April 19, 2019.

↑ Gustav Rehberger's biography on RoGallery.com , accessed on August 3, 2013.

[1] Josef Weinzettl: Natural conditions in and around Riedlingsdorf in 680 years market community Riedlingsdorf , publisher Marktgemeinde Riedlingsdorf, self-published, Riedlingsdorf 2011, pp. 66 to 68

[2] Josef Weinzettl: Natural conditions in and around Riedlingsdorf. Riedlingsdorf 2011, pp. 74 to 75

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