Rupert of Salzburg

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Saint Rupert of Salzburg (also Ruprecht, Hrodperht, Hrodpendet, Roudbertus, Rudbertus, Robert ) (* around 650 probably in Worms ; † probably March 27, 718 ibid) was Bishop of Worms and the first Bishop of Salzburg and abbot of St. -Peter's pen . St. Rupert / Rupertus is the patron saint of the state of Salzburg .

Life

Rupert (Hruodpert), the "Apostle of the Baiern ", was of high aristocratic origin and was closely related to the Merovingian royal family; possibly he comes from the Robertin family .

At the end of the 7th century, at the request of Duke Theodo II, he worked as Bishop of Worms, first in the then Bavarian capital of Regensburg and instructed the Duke and his followers in the Christian faith.

Rupert then received permission from the Bavarian Duke Theodo in Regensburg to look for a suitable place at will, where he should restore churches and the church buildings necessary for his work.

Rupert left Regensburg and sailed down the Danube to the border of the Avars ruled area , namely Lorch ( Lauriacum ). An astonishingly strong early Christian settlement existed here. The Laurentius Church there even goes back in its roots to Roman-pagan predecessor buildings. He obviously had to give up his original plan, the Avar mission - as well as that of the Slavs - in view of the wars and the many destruction at the border.

Then he moved on, presumably on the old Roman road through the Traungau and the Attergau in the direction of Salzburg , after a short stop in Seekirchen , he settled in the most favorable place for his tasks, Salzburg, where he still had a Romanesque population and probably also encountered a community of monks that had existed since late antiquity . The stately church, which Rupert built in honor of St. Peter , was located on the site of today's cathedral . With the construction of St. Peter's Church and the first monastery, Rupert renewed what is now the oldest surviving monastery, at least in the German-speaking area, which lives according to the Benedictine rule. He revered his predecessor, Amandus von Worms , who was considered a saint , and transferred most of his relics to Salzburg, where he also founded his cult. The bones are still here today in the collegiate church of St. Peter , under the Amandus altar; the original place of burial and worship, which goes back to Rupert, was located in the nearby Petersfriedhof , under the current Margaret Chapel.

Protected by the "Upper Castle" ( castrum / castellum superius, today Hohensalzburg Fortress ), St. Rupert founded the Nonnberg Monastery in 711/12 , today the world's oldest continuously existing Christian women's monastery.

The first donations were made by Duke Theodo (hamlet and estates Maxglan and Piding ). In the area of ​​the spring saltworks in Reichenhall , Rupert receives 20 salt pans, a third of the salt fountain and the usual rent for the St. Peter monastery. But it was only later donations under Duke Theotpert that made a diocese that could survive in the long term possible. The Maximilianszelle was also founded by Rupert (also 711/12).

Rupert returned briefly to his homeland in 714 to fetch his niece Erentrud and some male helpers.

Rupert probably died on March 27, 718, probably in Worms . His bones were transferred to Salzburg by the holy Bishop Virgil on the occasion of the inauguration of the new building of the Salzburg Cathedral on September 24th, 774.

Historical sources

Notitia Arnonis (788/90) and Breves Notitiae (after 798) are two different arrangements and summaries of Salzburg's rich documenttreasures, which begin with Rupert.

The fraternization book of St. Peter (784) “goes back to older, unsuccessful documents” and is “the list of the living and the dead with whom the Salzburg monastery knew that it was in prayer fraternity”.

The Gesta Sancti Hruodberti Confessoris (around 798) contain the older version of the biography of St. Rupert. They are very much tied to the representation of the typical Christian legend of saints, but they contain a large number of important news about Rupert's work in Bavaria.

The first five chapters of the Conversio Bagoariorum et Carantanorum describe the life of St. Rupert in a more recent version.

Adoration

Depiction of Saint Rupert by Adolf Osterider in the Rupertikirche in Hohenrain

Rupert was never canonized in any formal process . He belongs to the older category of saints whose cult was recognized in Rome and whose memorial day, as well as that of his niece Ehrentrudis, was included in the official calendar of saints of the Roman Catholic Church .

Holiday

In the Orthodox Churches and the Roman Catholic Church, the Remembrance Day of St. Rupert's March 27th . The feast of St. Rupert is celebrated on September 24th , the day the relics are transferred to Salzburg Cathedral.

Rupertitag is also the national holiday of the State of Salzburg, the Salzburg students have no school on this day. On this day, a parish festival is also celebrated in the city of Salzburg, the Rupertikirtag . In the Evangelical Name Calendar , Rupert's day of remembrance is set for March 28th.

Patronage

St. Rupert is the patron saint of Salzburg and together with St. Virgil the patron saint of the Archdiocese of Salzburg including the day the Munich-Freising belonging Rupertiwinkels . As the "Apostle of Bavaria" and next to the Mother of God, the second patron saint of Bavaria, St. Rupert through the missionary work of the Duchy of Bavaria and the baptism of the Bavarian Duke Theodo in Regensburg.

He is a local patron in St. Ruprecht an der Raab and St. Ruprecht ob Murau (Styria), Šentrupert in Slovenia and the Klagenfurt district of St. Ruprecht .

St. Rupert is co-patron of Salzburg Cathedral , the cathedral of the historic prince-archbishopric and today's archdiocese, and several other churches (see Rupert-von-Salzburg-Kirche ). He is also invoked as the patron saint of salt mining and the salt workers and dogs.

Several Catholic student associations are under his patronage: the KDStV Rupertia Regensburg in the CV and the KÖHV Rupertina Salzburg in the ÖCV . A Christian middle school association also bears his name: the CEMV Rupertina zu Bruck an der Mur in the Association of Colored Girls . The Rupertinum in Salzburg is named after the saint .

iconography

Depiction in the coat of arms of Guttaring (Carinthia)

St. Rupert is usually depicted in the regalia of a bishop and with a salt barrel as an attribute : According to an old legend, the saint was portrayed as the discoverer of the brine springs (salt water) of Reichenhall , which he is said to have caused to spring up by striking the rocks with his staff. The oldest depictions show him as a bishop with a book accompanied by his two assistants. There is also the depiction of the baptism of Bavarian Duke Theodo by Rupert. In addition, the saint is often depicted with the Altötting image in his hands.

Representation on coins

The Prince Diocese of Salzburg often chose Rupert of Salzburg as the design for talers and ducats. Rupert von Salzburg is usually depicted with the coat of arms of the respective ruling archbishop as a standing figure or enthroned (seated). For example, the front of the tower cliff of Archbishop Wolf Dietrichs von Raitenau from 1593 shows the enthroned monastery saint Rupert von Salzburg with miter, crook and salt barrel behind the episcopal coat of arms.

See also

literature

in alphabetical order by authors / editors

Web links

Commons : Sankt Rupert von Salzburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Ulrich Schmid: Rupert ( Memento of the original from December 8, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / oce.catholic.com archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. . In: The Catholic Encyclopedia . Volume 13: Revelation - Simon Stock. Robert Appleton Company, New York NY 1912.
  2. ^ Heinrich Büttner: On the early medieval history of the empire on the Rhine , Main and Neckar, Scientific Book Society, 1975, p. 210, ISBN 3534060830 ; (Detail scan)
  3. ↑ Online view of the Church Guide Stiftskirche St. Peter, Salzburg, p. 25
  4. ↑ Website of the Margarethenkapelle ( memento of the original from January 19, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.stift-stpeter.at
  5. ^ Heinz Dopsch ; Robert Hoffmann: Salzburg. The history of a city (2nd edition), p. 90. Universitätsverlag Anton Pustet , Salzburg: 2008, ISBN 978-3-7025-0598-1 .
  6. ^ Rupert von Salzburg in the ecumenical dictionary of saints.
predecessor Office successor
Krotold Bishop of Worms
–717 		Berchtulf
--- Bishop in Salzburg
696–718 		Vitalis
--- Abbot of St. Peter of Salzburg
696–718 		Vitalis
personal data
SURNAME Rupert of Salzburg
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Rupert von Ruprecht; Rupert von Hrodperht; Rupert von Hrodpendet; Rupert von Roudbertus; Rupert von Rudbertus; Robert of Salzburg
BRIEF DESCRIPTION first bishop of Salzburg
DATE OF BIRTH around 650
PLACE OF BIRTH unsure: Worms
DATE OF DEATH uncertain: March 27, 718
Place of death unsure: Worms