Sándor Haraszti

Sándor Haraszti (born November 18, 1897 in Czinderybogád, Bogádmindszent , Austria-Hungary ; † January 19, 1982 in Budapest ) was a Hungarian publicist , journalist and politician of the Social Democratic Party of Hungary MSZDP (Magyarországi Szociáldemokrata Párt) and later the party of the Hungarian workers MDP (Magyar Dolgozók Pártja) .

Life

After attending secondary school in Pécs, Haraszti became an employee of the MÁV ( Magyar Államvasutak ) railway company and was a member of the Hungarian Red Army from March to August 1919 during the Federal Hungarian Socialist Soviet Republic . In 1919 he joined the Social Democratic Party of Hungary MSZDP (Magyarországi Szociáldemokrata Párt) in Pécs and in 1921 went into exile in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia . In the following years he worked in Bač as an editor for the Hungarian -language newspapers Bács-megyei Napló and later for Hírlap . After he returned to Hungary in 1929, he joined the illegal Communist Hungarian Party KMP (Kommunisták Magyarországi Pártja) as a member and was particularly involved in cultural work. In 1930 he became an editor of the Kolozsvár newspaper Korunk and was subsequently arrested repeatedly for his illegal communist activities. In June 1944, as a member of the Peace Party (Békepárt), after the occupation of Hungary by the German Wehrmacht, he took part in armed struggles of the underground movement.

After the end of the Second World War , Haraszti was the editor of the Budapest daily Szabadság between 1945 and 1948 and then in 1948 deputy head of the agitation and propaganda department of the Central Committee of the Hungarian Working People's Party, MDP (Magyar Dolgozók Pártja) , which after the merger of the MSZDP with the The Hungarian Communist Party MKP (Magyar Kommunista Párt) founded on November 5, 1944 came into being on June 15, 1948. During the Stalinist Rákosi era , he became director of the Athanaeum publishing house (Athenaeum Könyvkiadó) in 1949 , before he was arrested in 1950 for alleged anti-party activities and initially sentenced to death. The sentence was later commuted to life imprisonment. In the course of the cautious liberalization and de-Stalinization during the first government of Prime Minister Imre Nagy , he was rehabilitated and released from prison in 1954, together with numerous other victims of the show and secret trials . He then became editor of the newspaper Béke és Szabadság , but dismissed in October 1955 for another deviation from the party line of Mátyás Rákosi, after he shared a memorandum with Tamás Aczél , László Benjámin , Tibor Déry , Géza Losonczy , Endre Szervánszky and others Had signed the release of the political dissident Miklós Vásárhelyi . In July 1956 he was also excluded from the MDP and the journalists' association MÚOSZ (Magyar Újságírók Országos Szövetsége) .

During the popular uprising , in October 1956, Haraszti became editor-in-chief of Népszabadság , the national daily newspaper with the highest circulation in Hungary. In the course of the suppression of the uprising with the support of the Red Army , he fled together with Imre Nagy on November 4, 1956 to the Yugoslav embassy, ​​which was then surrounded by Soviet tanks for three weeks. He left with Nagy on 22 November 1956, the Embassy, but was arrested and after Snagov in Romania incommunicado deported . His successor as editor-in-chief of Népszabadság was then Dezső Nemes in January 1957 .

In 1958 Haraszti was brought back to Budapest and sentenced to six years in prison before the sentence was waived in 1960 as part of an amnesty ordered by the General Secretary of the MSZMP János Kádár . He then worked from 1960 to 1980 as an editor at the Akademie-Verlag (Akadémiai Kiadó) , which published encyclopedias. Most recently he wrote articles for the liberal political-cultural magazine Beszélő, founded in 1981 .

Publications

• Mi a fasizmus? , 1931
• Útikalandok a régi Magyarországon , Táncsics, Budapest, 1963
• Befejezetlen számvetés , Magvető, Budapest, 1986

Web links

• Literature by and about Sándor Haraszti in the bibliographic database WorldCat
• Entry in the Magyar életrajzi lexicon