South Elbe

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South Elbe
Süderelbe from the old Harburg Elbe bridge

Süderelbe from the old Harburg Elbe bridge

Data
location Germany, Hamburg
River system Elbe
Beginning Elbe kilometer 609 at the Bunthaus peak
53 ° 27 ′ 17 ″  N , 10 ° 4 ′ 18 ″  E
muzzle Crossing into the Köhlbrand at Süderelbe kilometer 621 (formerly junction of the Alte Süderelbe ) Coordinates: 53 ° 30 ′ 8 ″  N , 9 ° 56 ′ 34 ″  E 53 ° 30 ′ 8 ″  N , 9 ° 56 ′ 34 ″  E

The Süderelbe and Köhlbrand are a section of the Lower Elbe in Hamburg between river kilometers 609 and 626 of the Norderelbe , which runs between these points in an arc several kilometers north of the Süderelbe. Together with the Norderelbe and the subsequent Köhlbrand, it forms a so-called inland delta , the Elbe island of Wilhelmsburg . Like the entire Lower Elbe, the area is affected by the tides of the North Sea .

Like the entire Elbe in Germany, the Süderelbe is a federal waterway . and a so-called delegation route, d. H. Administration and maintenance are carried out on behalf of the federal government by the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg

course

At river kilometer 609 at the Bunthäuser Spitze , the Elbe stream coming from the southeast divides into the North and South Elbe . The latter runs from here with two bends in a general north-westerly direction and forms the border between Hamburg and Lower Saxony as far as Süderelbe-km 611 . At the level of the Süderelbe-km 613, the federal motorway 1 crosses the Süderelbe on the Moorwerder motorway bridge , and the "Süderelbbrücken" ensemble is just under two kilometers west of it . Here the railway bridge with a total of eight tracks for the S-Bahn and the railway lines to Hanover and Bremen follow one another , the Europabrücke on the A 253 , the June 17th bridge with the Hannoversche Straße and the last one is the listed one and only today Old Harburg Elbe Bridge from 1899, which can be used by pedestrians and cyclists . Behind the Reiherstieg junction in a northerly direction at km 615.7 , the course of the Süderelbe swings in a northerly direction. At the end of this bend at km 618.8 are the coal-fired power station Moorburg and the Kattwyk Bridge , at km 619.8 the Süderelbe originally flowed westwards on the course of the Alte Süderelbe, which was sealed off in 1963 . Behind this point, the course of the river widens to the basin of the Altenwerder container terminal and merges into the 4.5-kilometer-long Köhlbrand at 620 km , which in turn merges with the North Elbe to form the Lower Elbe .

history

The port of Harburg-Wilhelmsburg was built on the Süderelbe . Until the 16th century, the Süderelbe was the significantly deeper, more water-bearing arm of the Elbe. Nevertheless, on the basis of the stacking rights granted by Emperor Karl IV. In 1359, Hamburg forced all merchant ships passing the Elbe to take the route via the North Elbe and offer their goods in the city. In the 16th century the cities of Harburg, Stade, Buxtehude and Lüneburg sued the imperial court for their right to free navigation over the southern Elbe. The people of Hamburg then commissioned the painter Melchior Lorck to create a map of the Lower Elbe, which was intended to highlight the importance of the city for the course of the river. In 1568 this one meter high and twelve meter long map was presented to the court, showing the southern Elbe in a reduced size and the northern Elbe enlarged. Fifty years later, in 1618, the verdict was passed: the Norder- and Süderelbe were considered a river to which the Hamburg privileges were to be applied.

In the centuries that followed, Hamburg pursued the enlargement of the Norderelbe to the detriment of the Harburg port on the Süderelbe with various hydraulic engineering measures. By damming the four- and Marschlande , the straightening of the same at Spadenland in 1570 and the puncture of the Grasbrook in 1604 sanded Süderelbe by reducing the amount of water and flow rate. In 1878 Hamburg also directed the northern Elbe around Kaltehofe . Only with the State Treaty between Prussia and Hamburg of November 14, 1908 ( 3rd  Köhlbrand Treaty ) was the dispute finally settled, the Bunthauserspitze was lengthened with a dam, which was supposed to achieve an even distribution of the flowing water. Nevertheless, the southern Elbe is still favored today with a ratio of 45:55 ( water volume measurement → Bunthaus peak ).

After the devastating storm surge in 1962 , Finkenwerder , Altenwerder and Hamburg-Waltershof were raised by dikes. These parts of the city lost their island character when the Alte Süderelbe was cordoned off (section between the confluence with the Köhlbrand and the western end near Finkenwerder). In addition to a road connection to Neuenfelde and Cranz , the runway of the Airbus Deutschland GmbH ( EADS ) air yard now runs across the north-western barrier . The southern ramp of the new Elbe Tunnel is also located on Waltershof along the Autobahn 7 .

See also

Web links

Commons : Süderelbe  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Directory E, serial no. 9 der Chronik ( Memento of the original from July 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.wsv.de
  2. ↑ RGBl. I 1937, p. 727
  3. ↑ Jörgen Bracker: Our current. Hamburg and the Lower Elbe from Boizenburg to Cuxhaven. Hamburg 1995, ISBN 3-8225-0341-X , p. 15 f.