Saadun Hammadi

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Saadun Hammadi 1987 with his then colleague Jenninger in Bonn

Saadun Hammadi , ( Arabic سعدون حمادي, DMG Saʿdūn Ḥammādī ; * June 22, 1930 in Karbala ; † March 14, 2007 in Germany ) was a Shiite Iraqi politician with a pan-Arab orientation and diplomat. Under the Ba'ath regime, he was oil minister, foreign minister, prime minister and speaker of parliament of Iraq until 2003 .

Hammadi joined the Baʿth party of Lebanon in 1950 while studying at the American University of Beirut (AUB), in which he was very actively involved and soon rose to become party secretary for the Beirut section ( ʾamīn sir šuʿba lubnān ) in the party hierarchy . Like Fuʾad al-Rikabi, he recruited members for the party (or the Iraqi branch of the Baʿth party) during the semester break in his hometown in Iraq from his primarily Shiite circle of relatives and acquaintances, thereby significantly increasing their share of Shiites.

In 1952, Hammadi graduated from the AUB and, back in Iraq, accepted a position as a teacher in Najaf . In Baʿth, Iraq, he became a member of the party's cultural office. A scholarship allowed him to study for a doctorate at the University of Wisconsin – Madison , where he received his doctorate in 1957. In the same year he returned to Baghdad, where he taught as a lecturer at the Faculty of Agriculture at Baghdad University. At the 2nd party congress in March 1958, Hammadi was elected to the leadership body of the Iraqi Baʿth party ( qīyāda quṭriyya ), after the revolution of July 14, 1958 , he also became editor-in-chief of the Iraqi daily Al-Jumhuriyya (German: The Republic).

In 1961 Hammadi left Iraq - Qasim's pressure on the Baʿth party had become too great for him - and was deputy head of a department (Economic Research) of the Libyan National Bank in Tripoli until 1962 , before he was ʿAbd al-Karim Qasim's fall in 1963 returned to Iraq and became Minister of Land Reform under ʿAbd al-Salam ʿArif .

After BaAbd al-Salam ʿArif's temporary disempowerment of the Baath Party (until July 17, 1968) at the end of 1963, Hammadi went into exile in Syria , where the Baath Party had also come to power, and was economic advisor to the from 1964–1965 Syrian Presidential Council, 1965–1968 member of the Syrian business delegation to the UN in Damascus.

After the Ba'ath Party regained power in Iraq in 1968, ʾAhmad Hassan al-Bakr made Hammadi head of the Iraq National Oil Company, INOC . In 1970 he succeeded Rashid Rifaʿi as oil minister and as such from 1972, alongside Fakhri Kaddori and ʾAdnan al-Hamdani, under the leadership of Saddam Hussein, he was largely responsible for the nationalization of the Iraq Petroleum Company , IPC.

Between 1974 and 1983, Hammadi was Foreign Minister of Iraq and thus significantly involved in the peace between Algiers and Iran (1975), in the establishment of a rejection front against Israel and Egypt (1977) and in the attempt at reconciliation with Syria at the summit of the Arab League in Baghdad (1978). In 1983 he was replaced by Tariq Aziz and elected by parliament for the post of parliamentary president (powerless in the Iraqi presidential republic, but formally equivalent to the rank of prime minister). In June 1989, Hammadi became vice premier.

Between 1986 and 2003 Hammadi was also a member of the Supreme Revolutionary Command Council , RKR. During the second Gulf War in 1990/91 he was Saddam Hussein's special envoy in Kuwait. After Iraq's defeat in the Gulf War, Saddam Hussein resigned as prime minister and Hammadi was named prime minister in March of the same year. In November 1991 he was appointed presidential advisor, and Muhammad Hamza az-Zubaidi became the new prime minister .

In 1996, Hammadi defeated Mansur Udai Hussein , the president's son, in the parliamentary elections in the Baghdad constituency , and was again President of Parliament (until he fled the Iraq war in 2003).

Despite his advanced age, Hammadi remained in prison or detention for nine months after his capture in May 2003. After his release from prison in February 2004, he traveled to Jordan, Lebanon and Germany for medical treatment. In early 2005 he settled in Qatar. Saʿdun Hammadi died on March 14, 2007 at the age of 76 in Germany.

literature

  • al-Hassan, Talib ( al-Ḥassan, Ṭālib ): Baʿṯ al-ʿIrāq. Min al-bidāya al-murība ḥatta al-nihāya al-ġarība (German translation: The Baʿth Party of Iraq. From its obscure beginning to its obscure end ). Beirut: Ur-Press, 2011
  • Hashim, Jawad ( Hāšim, Ǧawād ). Ḏikrayāt fi al-siyāsa al-ʿirāqiyya 1967-2000. Muḏakkirāt wazīr ʿirāqī maʿa al-Bakr wa Ṣaddām . (German translation: Memories of Iraqi Politics 1967-2000. Memoirs of an Iraqi Minister (on his collaboration) with al-Bakr and Saddam ). London: Dār al-Saqī, 2003
  • Kaddori, Fakhri ( Qaddūrī, Faḫrī ). Hakaḏā ʿarafat al-Bakr wa addām. Riḥla 35 ʿāmā fi ḥizb al-baʿṯ . (German translation: That's how I knew al-Bakr and Saddam. A 35-year trip with the Baʿth party .). London: Dār al-Ḥikma, 2006
  • The International Who's Who 1988-89, London 1988
  • The International Who's Who of the Arab World 1978. London 1978

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Int. Who's Who 1988-89, p. 607
  2. ↑ al-Hassan 2011, p. 400
  3. ↑ al-Hassan 2011, p. 491
  4. ↑ al-Hassan 2011, pp. 405-406
  5. ↑ al-Hassan 2011, p. 492
  6. ↑ Int. Who's Who of the Arab World 1978, p. 220
  7. ^ Int Who's Who of the Arab World 1978, p. 220
  8. ↑ Hashim 2003, p. 41
  9. ↑ al-Hassan 2011, p. 332
  10. ↑ Hashim 2003, p. 296
  11. ↑ Int. Who is Who of the Arab World 1978, p. 220
  12. ↑ Hashim 2003, p. 41
  13. ↑ Kaddori 2006, pp. 143-145
personal data
SURNAME Hammadi, Saadun
ALTERNATIVE NAMES سعدون حمادي (Arabic)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Shiite Iraqi politician with pan-Arab orientation and diplomat
DATE OF BIRTH June 22, 1930
PLACE OF BIRTH Karbala
DATE OF DEATH March 14, 2007
Place of death Germany