Saxony-Zeitz

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Banner of the Holy Roman Emperor with haloes (1400-1806) .svg
Territory in the Holy Roman Empire
Saxony-Zeitz
coat of arms
Coat of arms of Saxony-Zeitz
map
Locator Duchy of Saxe-Zeitz (1680) .svg
Saxony-Zeitz (around 1680)


Arose from Sharing of course axes
Form of rule Secondary school principality
Ruler / government duke




Capitals / residences Time
Dynasties Sideline of the Albertine Wettins
Denomination / Religions Lutheran
Language / n German


Incorporated into Electoral Saxony


Coat of arms of Saxony-Zeitz, Moritzburg portal
Moritzburg Castle, view from the park

The Duchy of Saxony-Zeitz was a territory of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation , which existed from 1656/57 to 1718 and was ruled by a branch line of the Albertine Wettins . The residence was the city of Zeitz in today's Burgenland district .

history

The Saxon elector Johann Georg I decreed in his will of July 20, 1652 that his three younger sons should receive secondary school principalities. After the elector died on October 8, 1656 , the "Friend Brothers Main Settlement" was concluded in Dresden on April 22, 1657, and another settlement in 1663 , in which the three territories and the associated sovereign rights were finally delimited and in which the brothers Johann George II succeeded in achieving partial success in terms of their striving for sovereignty. The elector continued to have sovereignty over the Court of Appeal and the Court of Appeal , the decision on war and peace, feeding the Reichstag and the assemblies of the estates. The duchies of Saxony-Zeitz, Saxony-Weißenfels and Saxony-Merseburg emerged.

Prince Moritz, the fourth oldest son, received the Duchy of Saxony-Zeitz, which largely consisted of free float. Some parts of the country also retained certain administrative peculiarities, depending on the respective law and tradition. Furthermore, all old manors and municipalities remained with the Electorate of Saxony. On June 10, 1660 Duke Moritz received from Emperor Leopold I , the pin Naumburg-Zeitz as Reich loans awarded. The territory consisted of the following offices:

  • The governorship of the Ballei Thuringia of the Teutonic Order with other properties. (Duke Moritz was the governor, but the Ballei did not belong to the Duchy of Saxony-Zeitz)

Until the completion of the new Moritzburg in the following years, people temporarily resided in the Naumburg City Palace . Duke Moritz had a good relationship with his eldest brother Johann Georg II , Elector of Saxony. This was due to the fact that the father Johann Georg I instilled in the four sons a brotherly togetherness, all four brothers adhered to the letters of the father's will, the sovereignty of the Electorate of Saxony was largely recognized by the three younger brothers. This is also documented by the festive gathering of the Albertine dukes in 1678 in the Dresden residence. The good togetherness changed with the generation change and the death of the 4 brothers. On the one hand, Elector Johann Georg III announced. , the Saxon Mars, in the Bautzen Declaration of 1680 the main comparison of the Friends of the Brotherhood and no longer felt obliged to his grandfather's will. On the other hand, Duke Moritz-Wilhelm strove for increased sovereignty to the z. B. Seat and voting rights on the Reichstag and influenced by his wife Maria Amalia von Brandenburg, which included a pro- Prussian policy. This led to lasting conflicts. The line died out as the first of the three secondary schools in 1718, as the male heirs Prince Christian August and Prince Moritz Adolf Karl had entered the clergy. Previously, the Hereditary Prince Friedrich August died prematurely at the age of 9 in 1710. With that the duchy fell back to the electorate of Saxony .

Administrative structure

The structure of the Duchy of Saxony-Zeitz built on the old diocese of Naumburg, which had largely lost its independence in the Middle Ages under the patronage of the Wettins. As a result of the Reformation, this pen soon became completely dependent on Electoral Saxony. If the Ernestines had installed a bishop of their own accord before the Schmalkaldic War, the Albertines, who had received the patronage after the war, ensured that from 1564 only members of their house took the bishopric as administrators. After the perpetual postulation contract of 1658, the members entitled to inheritance followed the newly established secondary school and, since 1718, the Kurhaus automatically owned the monastery without an election. Little research has been done into the administrative organization of Naumburg Abbey. A notary, who later carried the title of chancellor, was at the head of the emerging chancellery in the 12th and 13th centuries. In the 15th century, a bishop's council began to be formed, made up of representatives of the cathedral chapter, the nobility and legally educated citizens. The law firm soon came into close contact with this body, of which the chancellor was usually a member. The council and chancellery exercised the higher jurisdiction in the usual way, provided the state administration, handled the feudal system and state finances. More stable forms of organization of this still loose council were necessary especially in the absence of the sovereign. So it came to the appointment of governors, chancellors and three councilors under the frequently staying in his second diocese of Freising , Bishop Philip of Bavaria (1517–1541).

When Nikolaus von Amsdorf was appointed the first Protestant bishop by the Elector of Saxony in 1542 , he was assigned three councilors, a chamber master, a secretary and two consistorial councilors. The seat of this government was Zeitz Castle, which was already the preferred residence of the Naumburg bishops in the Middle Ages. The cathedral chapter exerted greater influence on the government. Usually two of its members, usually including a dignitar, belonged to the government. A decisive change in the previous situation occurred when Duke Moritz, the youngest son of Elector Johann Georg I of Saxony, took over the monastery government in 1658, after he had been elected administrator in 1622 at the age of three. On the basis of the will of Elector Johann Georg I from 1652 and the main settlement of the Friends of the Brotherhood from 1657, Naumburg-Zeitz was raised to the seat of a secondary school of the Kurhaus with relative independence from the central authorities of the Electoral Saxony. The actual abbey area was extended by the erbländischen areas (see above).

The authorities of the secondary school were structured according to this territorial composition. At the head of the administration of all parts of the country was a secret council with a secret chancellery, which served the duke as an instrument for coordinating the various areas. It was made up of three Secret Councilors, some of which also held other offices, such as that of Chancellor, Vice Chancellor and Consistorial President, an assistant council and several sub-officials. There was also a secret chamber clerk and a valet, who was probably some kind of cabinet secretary. For the actual Naumburg Abbey, there was the Abbey Government in Zeitz, which, in the usual way, provided the higher jurisdiction, the Lahnwesen, the state administration and the police. After being expanded by spiritual owners, it also functioned as a consistory. The government was headed by the Chancellor, who was also the Privy Councilor and Consistorial President. The four court councilors included the cathedral dean, another Naumburg canon and the director of the monastery estates. In addition, several bourgeois court and judicial councilors were members of the authorities. The foundation's financial management, which the chamber master exercised as part of the government at the beginning of the 16th century, was expanded into a small rent chamber in the 17th century, the members of which, of course, mostly performed several functions. So the head of the college was also a privy councilor. Others of the court and chamber councilors held the offices of land rent master, supreme collector and chamber master. The sub-civil servants included, for example, a rent manager, rent master, rent secretary, chamber procurator, chamber commissioner and registrar. For the hereditary administration there was a hereditary government, which, however, largely coincided with the monastery government. Only the registry, as in Merseburg, was separate from that of the monastery government. There was a brief separation of the authorities from 1717 to 1718, when Duke Moritz Wilhelm had to resign from the monastery administration because of his conversion to Catholicism. The government of the hereditary state was moved to Weida, but was re-established following the death of the duke, whose heirs were out of the question for the government. The Erbländ area fell back to Electoral Saxony and was again subordinated to the Dresden central authorities.

The Stifts-Rentkammer zu Zeitz was also responsible for the hereditary territories. However, the hereditary matters were also summarized in the special registry. They migrated to Weida with the now independent Erbländische Chamber in 1717 , where it was dissolved again shortly afterwards. Until 1661, the Henneberg territories were administered jointly from Meiningen by the Albertine and Ernestine lines . It was not until 1661 that the final division took place, when the Albertines received the above-mentioned offices. The representation of the state sovereignty remained with the elector until 1700. It was only in this year that Kursachsen sold its rights to the Sachsen-Zeitz Secondary School, which, together with the Ernestines, now held the imperial estate of the county. The administration of the state to which the dukes of Saxony-Zeitz were entitled was initially assigned to the hereditary state authorities in 1661. But the great distance immediately made it necessary to appoint a senior magistrate in Schleusingen as a supervisory authority. And after 1700 a separate Henneberg authority was set up in Schleusingen under a superintendent. After 1718 the hereditary authorities were dissolved, and the Secret Council also disappeared again. Only the actual monastery authorities such as the government, rent chamber and consistory remained in Zeitz. The Rentkammer was abolished on July 1, 1814 and its tasks were taken over for a short time by the Secret Finance College in Dresden . The monastery government and the consistory were replaced in 1816 by the new Prussian authority organization.

Sovereigns

Coat of arms of the duchy

The coat of arms of the Duchy of Saxony-Zeitz shows (from left to right): 1st row, 1st field Duchy Jülich , 2nd field Duchy Kleve , 3rd field Duchy Berg ; 2nd row, 4th field Naumburg , 5th and 8th field 5th heart shield of the Duchy of Saxony , 6th field Landgraviate of Thuringia ; 3rd row, 7th field in the Margraviate of Meißen , 9th field in the Palatinate of Thuringia ; 4th row, 10th field of the Pfalzgrafschaft Sachsen , 11th field of the Margraviate of Upper Lusatia , 12th field of the Margraviate of Lower Lusatia ; 5th row, 13th field Herrschaft Pleissen , 14th field Grafschaft Orlamünde , 15th field Margraviate Landsberg ; 6th row, 16th field Grafschaft Brehna , 17th field Burggrafschaft Altenburg , 18th field Herrschaft Eisenberg ; 7th row, 19th field Grafschaft Ravensberg , 20th field Grafschaft Mark , 21st field shelf sign ; below 22nd field of the princely county of Henneberg

Branch line Sachsen-Zeitz-Pegau-Neustadt

family members

  • Dorothea Maria (1641–1675), Princess of Saxe-Weimar from the house of the Ernestine Wettins and, by marriage, duchess of the Electoral Saxon Principality of Saxony-Zeitz.
  • Christian August (1666–1725), Prince of Saxony-Zeitz, Cardinal-Archbishop of Gran and Imperial Principal Commissioner
  • Erdmuth Dorothea (1661–1720), Princess of Saxony-Zeitz and by marriage Duchess of Saxony-Merseburg
  • Maria Amalia (1670–1739), princess and margravine of Brandenburg from the house of Hohenzollern and by marriage duchess of the Electoral Saxon secondary school principality of Saxony-Zeitz.
  • Dorothea Wilhelmine (1691–1743), Princess of Saxony-Zeitz and, by marriage, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel

Important personalities at the court of Saxony-Zeitz

See also

Web links

literature

  • Johann Hübners ... three hundred and three and thirty genealogical tables, Tab. 171
  • Rudolf Drößler u. a., Ed. Landesheimatbund Sachsen-Anhalt eV: The Saxon Roots of the State of Saxony-Anhalt and the Role of the Secondary School Saxony-Zeitz , Minutes of the Scientific Colloquium on October 26th, 1996 in Zeitz, Contributions to Regional and State Culture of Saxony-Anhalt, booklet 5, druck-zuck GmbH, Halle 1997, ISBN 3-928466-14-3 .
  • Detlef Deye (Hrsg.), Roland Rittig (Hrsg.): Barocke Residenz Kultur in Zeitz , Mitteldeutscher Verlag, Halle 2008, ISBN 978-3-89812-592-5 , information about the development of Saxony-Zeitz, Moritzburg, Prinzenerbildung, Court music, marriage policy, baroque architecture.
  • Martina Schattkowsky , Manfred Wilde (eds.): Saxony and its secondary genealogies, the subsidiary lines Weißenfels, Merseburg and Zeitz (1657-1746) . Volume 33, Writings on Saxon History and Folklore, Leipziger Universitätsverlag GmbH, Leipzig 2010, ISBN 978-3-86583-432-4 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Axel Flügel, Eds. Uwe Israel and Josef Matzerath: Anatomie einer Ritterkuria, Landtag visit and Landtag careers in the Electoral Saxon Landtag (1694-1749) , studies and writings on the history of the Saxon Landtag, Volume 2, Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Ostfildern 2017, ISBN 978- 3-7995-8461-6 , p. 80, chapter The Secondogenitures of 1657
  2. ↑ Alexander Blöthner: History of the Saale-Orla area: Orlasenke and Oberland , Volume 2: The 17th and 18th centuries until the end of the Napoleonic era, BookS on DemanD, Norderstedt 2017, ISBN 978-3-74312-886-6 , P. 253
  3. ↑ Karl Heinrich Ludwig Pöltiz: The government of Augustus Frederick of Saxony , publisher of J: C: Hinrich's bookstore, Leipzig 1830, p 54, information about the Bailiwick of Thuringia
  4. ↑ 4 golden coin cups with the monogram HIG for Duke Johann Georg , not only served as a memory of the father, but were also intended to encourage brotherly harmony.
  5. ↑ http://www.stadtwikidd.de/wiki/Durchlauchtigste_Zreffenkunft As stated in the invitation, family-political issues should also be discussed within the framework of this "aimed at peace and love" meeting.
  6. ^ Vinzenz Czech (ed.): Princes without a land. Courtly splendor in the Saxon secundogenitures Weißenfels, Merseburg and Zeitz . Volume 5, Writings on the residential culture of the Rudolstadt working group, supported by the Fritz Thyssen Foundation for the Promotion of Science, Lukas Verlag for Art and Spiritual History, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-86732-059-7 , pp. 50–52, Duke Moritz von Sachsen -Zeitz, p. 53/54 practical termination of the grandfather's will, p. 64–69 orphanages and hospitals, etc. a. in Zeitz, pp. 102–105 Brüderliche Eintracht, pp. 215–236 The “Serene Gathering” 1678, pp. 273–277 Reasons for secondary education: care for the younger sons and closer ties to the Naumburg and Merseburg monasteries and enforcement of territorial ones Claims against the Ernestinians
  7. ↑ Berent Schwineköper (arrangement): Complete overview of the holdings of the State Main Archives Magdeburg , Volume II, edited by Berent Schwineköper. Hall 1955.