Tiengen Castle

Tiengen Castle
New Tiengen Castle
Creation time :	11-16 century
Castle type :	Hilltop castle
Conservation status:	Main building preserved
Standing position :	Barons von Krenkingen, Counts von Sulz , Princes von Schwarzenberg
Place:	Waldshut-Tiengen
Geographical location	47 ° 38 '0.6 "  N , 8 ° 16' 25.9"  E Coordinates: 47 ° 38 '0.6 "  N , 8 ° 16' 25.9"  E

Tiengen Castle is a hilltop castle in the town of Waldshut-Tiengen in Baden-Württemberg . It was the official seat of the Landgraviate of Klettgau . The castle is privately owned.

location

Tiengen Castle stands on a hill (low terrace), about ten meters above the historic old town, in the middle of today's city of Tiengen, at the exit or meeting of three valleys, a strategically favorable point. Immediately next to it is the baroque parish church Maria Himmelfahrt .

Tiengen Castle is a complex of two buildings and consists of the old tower (also known as the Old Castle or Small Castle) and the New Castle. The old castle is a defense and residential tower of the 11th century of the barons of Krenkingen . Although this was badly ruined during the war, it was probably never completely destroyed, as was the former castle church. Johann Ludwig I von Sulz had the castle rebuilt after the destruction in the Swiss War.

history

Coat of arms of the Krenkingen, Zurich coat of arms roll (approx. 1340)

An oppidum is mentioned for the first time around 1112 . A Knight of Tiengen Johannes miles de Toungen is mentioned in 1225, he was a Ministeriale of the Lords of Krenkingen , and a Hermannus de Toungen miles is mentioned in 1239. 1264 a Walterus scultetus de Toingen is mentioned, the city had a mayor and 6 councilors. 1356 council and the burgers are mentioned in common with the instead of Tungen . From 1413 on, the mayor and the council, a bailiff elected by the city lord . Until 1426 the judicial rights were with the city. Then it was handed over to the city of Constance by Emperor Sigismund . In 1331 a city court is mentioned for the first time, in 1434 it is determined that no citizen of Tiengen is subject to other courts. Craftsmen are named: 1279 a blacksmith, 1286 a tanner, 1279 innkeeper, 1598 a tailor's guild, 1690 a shoemaker's guild, 1697 a cooper's guild.

Tiengen was a mint early on. The right to mint was first mentioned in 1275. On March 28, 1388 King Wenzel granted the noble Johann von Krenkingen, his servant and court judge, the right to slaughter newe guldein muntze for the services rendered . 1275 are called marcae argenti boni ponderis oppidi in Tuengen . 1279 was a Hugo monetarius de Tuengen , (mint master), also his son in 1285, Hugo filius de Tungen . As early as 1275 the Krenkingers had bracteates struck in Tiengen , and in 1407 Dietrich von Eschbach is named as the mint master. After the Krenkingers, the Bishops of Constance were minted, after which the Sulzer coins were struck in Tiengen until 1680.

1229 Tiengen is mentioned as a market place ( in foro Tuongen ), 1243 Civitate Tongen . Heinrich II. Von Krenkingen documents in 1294 in oppdio nostro Tuengen . The expansion into a market settlement was carried out by the Krenkinger. In 1262 Tiengen is a fiefdom of the Constance monastery . Diethelm von Krenkingen (the last of the Altkrenkinger line) gave Tiengen to Bishop Otto III. from Constance back in 1413. In 1415 Reinold von Urslingen tried in vain with his mercenaries to conquer Tiengen. 1413–1429 were various lords, including the bishops of Basel. In 1448 Bilgeri von Heudorf became the fief owner. In 1451 he handed the city over to knight Melchior von Blumenegg for the duration of his Italian campaign. In 1452 he took it back. Emperor Friedrich III. with which he was in Italy, the city confirmed all previous privileges. Bilgeri attacked the mayor of Schaffhausen in Hegau in 1467 . This resulted in the older Swiss war . In the course of this, soldiers from Lucerne, Zurich and Schaffhausen attacked the seat of the Bilgeri in Tiengen. Then (1468) Tiengen came to Schaffhausen. After Bilgeri's death in 1476, Tiengen returned to the Constance Monastery. Due to the decline of the male line of the Krenkinger family, the Counts of Habsburg-Laufenburg became owners of the County of Klettgau . Through the marriage of the last daughter of Count Johann IV (Ursula) to Count von Sulz , the Landgraviate of Klettgau came to the Sulzer family by inheritance in 1408. In 1482, Bishop Otto IV of Konstanz awarded the castle and town of Tiengen to the von Sulz for 10 years. In 1493 the pledge was extended indefinitely.

Sgraffito : The Confederates besiege Tiengen

In the Swabian War of 1499, 5000 Swiss besieged Tiengen, 1000 horsemen and 100 soldiers defended the city. Rudolf V. of Sulz and Count Dietrich von Blumenegg left the city, which surrendered after four days of siege on April 21, 1499 women and children were allowed to leave the city, the Austrian soldiers were allowed wearing only a shirt, according to sworn Urfehde also deduct . The nobles were released after paying ransom, and the city was plundered and burned. To rebuild the houses, Count Rudolf von Sulz exempted all taxes and duties for 18 years, then halved for a further 8 years. In 1634 36 of 90 houses were abandoned. In 1641 the castle was burned (Thirty Years War). Due to his military career, Karl Ludwig zu Sulz was rarely in Tiengen. He had appointed Vogt Johann Jakob von Beck , who, when he was not also on a war trip, administered Klettgau. With Johann Ludwig II. , The Landgraves of Sulz died out as city lords in 1687. Maria Anna von Sulz, the eldest daughter of the last Count von Sulz, married Ferdinand Wilhelm Eusebius in 1674 , from the noble family Prince von Schwarzenberg .

Spaces

The coat of arms of Count Rudolf IV. Von Sulz (center) and Baroness Barbara von Staufen (left) and Agatha von Limpurg (right), above the archway at the entrance to Tiengen Castle

Castle courtyard with a view of the gate, on the right the "Old Building" and the castle fountain from 1735, on the left the "New Castle"

Brandis-Sulz alliance coat of arms at the "New Tiengen Castle"

The castle fountain in the castle courtyard, rebuilt in 1735 during the reign of Joseph I. von Schwarzenberg , renovated from 1782–1789 by Prince Nepomuk von Schwarzenberg

The renovated rooms of the citizens 'and fools' guild 1503 are located in the old castle today. They have also converted the former warehouse into an art gallery. The Tiengener Heimatmuseum is also located in the old castle. One room is dedicated to the Tiengen Jews. 5 centuries of Jewish life in Tiengen . This era can be seen in a permanent exhibition there. The bearer is the citizen guild 1503 Tiengen eV. The new castle is mentioned for the first time in 1575. The brothers Wilhelm and Alwig von Sulz are considered to be the builders . Wilhelm von Sulz also expanded Jestetten Castle . In 1983 a sandstone slab was found showing the following:

AS A MAN Zalt thousand, FIVE HUNDRED
SIBENZIG AIN JAR
ALEWIG THE LORD WOLGEBORN AIN GRA
VE TO WAR Sultz
landgraf IN CLEGGOW Vaduz Schellen
MOUNTAIN AND BLOMENEGK
OF HAY RÖ OF TO ROTWEILL HOF-
RICHTER
RÖ KAY MAY AND FÜRDU TO AUSTRIA
RATH
ON 24 APRILLIS THE FIRST STONE
HAS
LAID DOWN THE MAIN MAN IN OBERN EDELSAS
AND COUNTRY VOGT
DISEM GENDER AND DOMES WOULD
GOD
TO RULE LUCK AND
HAIL TO HAVE THAIL FOREVER THAIL!

The completion of the entire complex with the garden took until 1619. The chaplain building was built in two stages, as the frescoes discovered in the former knight's hall in 1971 showed. These frescoes are magnificent hunting scenes very similar to those in Vaduz Castle (owned by Sulz from 1511–1611), apparently by the same artist. As today, the inner courtyard had two entrances. The round arched Renaissance gate is crowned by three coats of arms, that of Count Rudolf VII von Sulz and his two wives von Staufen and von Limpurg. A connecting passage between the two main structures existed above this gate.

After the castle burned down after 75 years of existence in the Thirty Years War (between 1641 and 1648), it was completely rebuilt soon afterwards. A wash house and a farmyard (Maierhof) with a stables and vaulted cellars (on the site of today's rectory) belonged to the castle. Government director Thaddäus von Weinzierl (1785–1812) still has plans and a list of the interior layout of the New Palace. It was a chancellery under the Schwarzenbergs and the official seat of the government, but the princes of Schwarzenberg themselves ruled mostly from their estates in Bohemia. The castle was used for representation.

After the sale of the castle and the civil status to the House of Baden on July 19, 1812 , the ancestral portraits were moved to the Schwarzenberg Castle in Frauenberg (Hluboká) and the Sulzer archives to Wittingau in the local Třeboň Castle . The Klettgau archive was sold to the Badisches Landesarchiv (today General State Archive Karlsruhe ). Until the 19th century, the forestry office was here and the rooms served as apartments for the officials. Here were Joseph Bader and Heinrich Kaminski born.

present

Today the traditional Schwyz Day festivities take place every year in the castle courtyard and the “Fool's Court” takes place during the carnival . Concerts, exhibitions and vernissages as well as readings are offered in the vaulted cellar . In 2012 the castle was sold by the state of Baden-Württemberg to the two entrepreneurs Kai Flender and Uwe Gantert.

literature

• Heinz Voellner, picture of an old town , 1987
• Karel Schwarzenberg , ( Obermurau Castle ), p. 261 in Der Klettgau
• Rudolf Metz , Geologische Landeskunde des Hotzenwald , pp. 936–938; 1980
• F.Wielandt, The Breisgauer Pfenning and its Mints , 1950
• Franz Xaver Kraus : The art monuments of the Grand Duchy of Baden , Freiburg i. Br., 1892, Volume III - Waldshut District; Pp. 154-155 online

Web links

• Company website Schloss Tiengen
• Website of the city of Tiengen

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Martin Gerbert: Historia Nigra Silva , Volume 3, p. 192.
2. ↑ Albert Meyer: Concise coin history treatise of the old mint of Tiengen , (text of the document p. 261)
3. ↑ Jewish room