Castle Church (Neustrelitz)
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The neo-Gothic castle church was built between 1855 and 1859 by Friedrich Wilhelm Buttel and is one of his main works in Neustrelitz ( Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania ).
Building history
The old castle chapel in Neustrelitz Castle was small and the Protestant parishes of Neustrelitz grew steadily with the increasing population at the beginning of the 19th century. The architecturally interested Grand Duke Georg had already realized numerous buildings with Friedrich Wilhelm Buttel, who at that time was already responsible for the entire building administration of the state. In his first draft, Buttel was based on the Gothic monastery church of Batalha in Portugal. However, this church was built of sandstone and building using this material would have been extremely expensive. The plans turned out to be too big and too expensive. Grand Duke Georg insisted on a more modest solution; Buttel had to revise his design. As a graduate of the Berlin Building Academy and an employee of Karl Friedrich Schinkel , he was familiar with his plans for the Alexander Nevsky Chapel near Petersburg . Architectural details such as the small towers next to the portal indicate that Buttel was inspired by Schinkel.
Buttel had serious reservations about the building site planned by the Grand Duke. Because of the sloping terrain and the unstable building site, Buttel feared that cracks could form on the structure and that there was even a risk of the wall separating. On August 12, 1859, the Neustrelitz Castle Church was consecrated. In the year after the completion of the castle church, the Grand Duke Friedrich Wilhelm Buttel appointed senior building officer for his services. It should not be ten years before the structural damage was realized and the builder's retirement was darkened.
Today the building is owned by the city of Neustrelitz and no longer serves as a church. As a plastic gallery at the Neustrelitz Castle Church, it is used exclusively for changing exhibitions from late April to early October.
Building material
Buttel developed an extraordinary interest in bricks as a building material during his work. As early as 1827, he visited the Royal Brickworks in Joachimsthal, Brandenburg, and the new brick churches and Schinkel's Building Academy in Berlin several times in the following years . He praised the new material in a report to the Grand Ducal Chamber of December 25, 1833:
" This material, in connection with cast iron, where more delicate conditions are necessary, is still used alone [...] One demonstrates, and is supported by the fact that this material is what nature has relied on in the local area, and one Already now seems to be proud of this direction, in that one begins to designate the results of this work with the name of a patriotic or Prussian art. "
The castle church was then also made of light yellow brick.
layout
The floor plan of the single-nave hall church is cross-shaped. A total of twelve slender towers adorn the neo-Gothic building, it is the number of the apostles. The side walls are divided into two zones by a cranked ledge. The front central projection is flanked by two low towers. Two high towers delimit the facade of the central front. As symbols of the Christian faith, the towers were supposed to express true religious enthusiasm and point to God. In the middle above the portal there is a rose window , the tracery of which forms twelve circles. Rich tracery, rosettes over the windows and portals as well as railing-like crownings adorn the castle church of Neustrelitz.
architectural art
On the west facade, between the portal and the rose window, the four evangelists with their symbols are emblazoned : Matthew with the winged man, Mark with the lion, Luke with the bull and John with the eagle. They are made of terracotta and stand on leaf brackets. The sculptor Albert Wolff created it in 1859. Inside the castle church, the carved beams can be admired.
Furnishing
Otherwise, not much is known about the whereabouts of the furnishings carefully planned by Buttel.
The pulpit has largely been preserved - except for the six niche figures on the pulpit, which depict Moses , Isaiah , Petrus , Paulus , Augustine and Martin Luther and were modeled by Bernhard Reinhold .
Only the cafeteria remains of the altar and its structure ; the neo-Gothic altar structure with the painting The Entombment by Georg Kannengießer is lost.
To the left of the altar hung as a counterpart to the pulpit the so-called epitaph painting The Holy Family , a copy of Raphael's La Sainte Famille de François Ier (1518) completed in 1859 in the Louvre by Grand Duchess Marie . It has been preserved, but came to the city's museum after 1982. The richly decorated and gilded frame remained in the church, but no longer hangs in its place.
The church stalls were extensively restored in 2011 in the joinery of the Waldeck correctional facility and have been used in the Semlow chapel ever since .
The wall decoration has been painted over in monochrome, and the four polychrome leaded glass windows by the Nuremberg glass painter Stephan Kellner (1812–1867), who also provided the designs for the painting of the apse and the rosettes above the side galleries, are no longer available. In the first window, on the left of the main entrance, they showed the birth of Christ with the three kings, in the second the crucifixion, opposite this the transfiguration and the first opposite the resurrection of Christ. The crucifixion was a gift from the Grand Duchess on the 80th birthday of her husband , the Transfiguration was given by the Hereditary Grand Duchess of the Church on the Grand Duke's 81st birthday, as were the two other windows from the grand ducal domain and cabinet tenants.
Duke Georg and his wife, Grand Duchess Katharina , donated the baptismal font, while the silver crucifix on a black marble base was donated by Grand Duke Friedrich Wilhelm II and Duchess Caroline of Mecklenburg . The silver altar candlesticks were donated by King George V and Queen Marie of Hanover in 1860; they are now on loan in the Neustrelitz town church , where they are used on special occasions.
organ
On the gallery there is an organ , which consists in parts of an instrument that was built by the organ builder Barnim Grüneberg . The slider chest instrument has 16 stops on two manuals and the organ pedal . The organ of the Neustrelitz Castle Church is one of Barnim Grüneberg's earliest organs. It has been unplayable and badly neglected for years; many of the organ pipes are missing. The gaming table is free with a view of the altar.
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literature
- Friedrich Wilhelm Buttel: The new castle church in Neustrelitz. In: Christian art paper for church, school and home. (1860), pp. 97-105 ( digitized version )
- Dieter Jürn: Friedrich Wilhelm Buttel. Artist, architect, master builder (1796–1869). [2. Annual edition of the Karbe-Wagner-Archive Neustrelitz]. Ed .: Council of the City of Neustrelitz. Neustrelitz 1973.
- Sabine Bock : Friedrich Wilhelm Buttel (1796–1869 ). In: Melanie Ehler; Matthias Müller [Ed.]: Schinkel and his students . Thomas Helms Verlag , Schwerin 2004, pp. 129–142.
- Sabine Bock : Friedrich Wilhelm Buttels life and his church buildings . In: New series of the Karbe-Wagner-Archiv Neustrelitz, Volume 7. Thomas Helms Verlag , Schwerin 2009, p. 7.
- Hans Müther: The castle church in Neustrelitz. In: New series of the Karbe-Wagner-Archiv Neustrelitz, Volume 7. Thomas Helms Verlag , Schwerin 2009, pp. 8-18.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Hans Müther : The castle church in Neustrelitz. In: New series of the Karbe-Wagner-Archiv Neustrelitz. Vol. 7 (2009), pp. 11, 12.
- ^ Dieter Juern: Friedrich Wilhelm Buttel. Artist, architect, master builder (1796–1869). Ed .: Council of the City of Neustrelitz. 2nd annual edition of the Karbe-Wagner-Archive Neustrelitz, Neustrelitz 1973.
- ^ Sabine Bock : Friedrich Wilhelm Buttel (1796–1869) . In: Melanie Ehler, Matthias Müller [Hrsg.]: Schinkel and his students . Thomas Helms Verlag , Schwerin 2004. p. 130.
- ^ Buttel: The new castle church in Neustrelitz. In: Christian Kunstblatt für Kirche, Schule und Haus (1860), pp. 97–105, here p. 102
- ^ A copy of Raffael by Grand Duchess Marie , in: Strelitzer Echo from May 23, 2009
- ↑ Eberhard Kell, Chronicle of Semlow. Part 2 , Ribnitz-Damgarten 2012, pp. 156–159.
- ^ Buttel: The new castle church in Neustrelitz. In: Christian Kunstblatt für Kirche, Schule und Haus (1860), pp. 97–105, here p. 104
- ↑ Information on the Neustrelitz organ
Coordinates: 53 ° 21 '35 " N , 13 ° 3' 32" E