Schottenkirche (Vienna)

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Side view of the Freyung with a view of the Schottenkirche, right in white the so-called drawer box house
South side of the Schottenkirche with the Jasomirgott monument
The medieval Schottenkirche
Bernardo Bellotto : The Freyung in Vienna, view from the southeast , 1759–1760, Kunsthistorisches Museum , Vienna
Interior of the Schottenkirche
Main entrance to the Schottenkirche
Monument to Jasomirgott , the founder of the Schottenstift, on the south-facing outer wall of the collegiate church.

The Schottenkirche ( Basilica of Our Lady of the Scots ) is a Roman Catholic parish church in Vienna and at the same time the monastery church of a Benedictine abbey , the Schottenstift . It is located on the Freyung in Vienna's 1st district, Innere Stadt .

history

The old Schottenkirche

Shortly after the foundation of the Vienna Schottenkloster by Duke Heinrich II Jasomirgott in 1155, construction of the Schottenkirche began; It was consecrated in 1200 by Passau Bishop Wolfger von Erla . From this first, Romanesque church, a three-nave pillar church with an apse , only remains in the Dark Sacristy and the Romanesque Chapel are preserved. In the latter, which now serves as a day chapel, there is also the Romanesque statue of Our Lady of the Scots (around 1250), the oldest representation of the Virgin Mary in Vienna.

When Heinrich Jasomirgott died in 1177, he was buried in a high grave in the Schottenkirche, according to his wishes . Later his wife Theodora and daughter Agnes were laid with him.

After disputes with the Viennese pastor, the Scots obtained parish rights for their Viennese territory on August 28, 1265 on the basis of an arbitration ruling by papal delegated judges, initially with restrictions on baptismal and burial rights, from 1269 completely unrestricted.

In 1276 the Schottenkirche fell victim to a large city fire, and so it was renovated in the early Gothic style until 1317. After an earthquake damaged the church in 1443, the choir was redesigned in Gothic style from 1446 to 1449. A large winged altar , the so-called Schottenmeisteraltar , was created for this choir between 1469 and 1475 .

Baroque new building

The collapse of a tower after a lightning strike was used in 1638 by Abbot Johann Walterfinger to first completely redesign the choir and the tower of the church. In doing so, however, the length of the church was reduced so that the tower is not directly connected to the nave today . The construction of the barrel-vaulted wall pillar church with a suggested transept was carried out by the master builder Andrea Allio the Elder , his cousin Andrea Allio the Younger and Silvestro Carlone under Abbot Anton Spindler von Hofegg . In the course of this new building, the crypt of the Schottenstift was created. The new church was consecrated on May 31, 1648 by the Viennese bishop Philipp Friedrich von Breuner .

The stone carving was entrusted to the imperial chamber sculptor and court stone mason Peter Concorz , sculptor on the Freyung . In addition, he bought a quarry in Kaisersteinbruch , according to the contract with Abbot Michael II. Schnabel of Heiligenkreuz Abbey . In 1651, the court stone mason Bartholomäus Khöll built the main portal of the tower facade. The sculptor Tobias Kracker created the statue of Mary and Child for the niche .

The baroque painter Joachim von Sandrart created the paintings of the apostle altar (1652) and the cross altar (1654) as well as the new high altar painting Heavenly Glory (1671) for the Schottenkirche, which is now in the prelate hall of the Schottenstift. Tobias Pock painted the altarpieces of the Sebastian Altar (1649/1650), the Mary Altar (1651/1655) and the Benedict Altar (1654) as well as a fresco of St. Wolfgang (around 1655) that was only uncovered at the end of the 20th century. The painting of the Gregorian Altar (1651/1652) is by Georg Bachmann , the panels of the Anna Altar and the Barbara Altar (both 1656/1659) are ascribed to Jeronimus Joachims .

After the second Turkish siege , the church was restored again. Since the baroque west towers barely protrude from the facade, there were always plans to add something - but that never happened. For Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg , the defender of Vienna during the Turkish siege, who was buried in the crypt of the Schottenkirche, Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach designed an epitaph in the church around 1725 .

Remodeling in the 19th and 20th centuries

From 1883 to 1887 Abbot Ernest Hauswirth had the church restored and partly redesigned. With the exception of the Benedictine and Gregorius altars, the baroque altars were replaced by neo-renaissance and neo- baroque altars . A new high altar was created based on designs by Heinrich Ferstel (completed by Max Haas ) with a mosaic by Michael Rieser and new ceiling paintings by Julius Schmid . The founder Heinrich Jasomirgott, who had been reburied several times over the centuries, was given a neo-Romanesque sarcophagus in the crypt of the Schottenkirche in 1901 as his final resting place.

1958 was the Schottenkirche of Pope Pius XII. raised to the rank of a minor basilica .

Under Abbot Heinrich Ferenczy , the choir room was redesigned from 1992 to 1994 in accordance with the liturgical reforms of the 20th century. The new main altar was arranged at the intersection of the two main axes, the ambo in front of the altar in the central axis of the main nave. New choir stalls were also built .

Organs

The monastery organists who worked at the Schottenkirche include Wolfgang Schmeltzl (1550s, as schoolmaster), Johann Rasch (1570–1601), the former court organist Georg Piscator (1649–1660), the baroque musician and composer Johann Joseph Fux ( 1696–1702), Johann Baptist Henneberg (around 1783), the current St. Pölten cathedral organist Ludwig Lusser (2000–2006) and Zuzana Ferjenčíková (2006–2013). The current organist is Darko Pleli (since 2014).

In the course of the last church renovation, two new organs were installed in the Schottenkirche . Both the choir organ (1994) and the main organ (1996) come from the Swiss company Mathis Orgelbau .

Main organ

The main organ was placed in the historical prospectus , which had been created for the former organ by Ignaz Kober (1804). The instrument with mechanical play and Registertrakturen with electronic capture system 49 has stops on three manuals and pedals.

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
1. Praestant 16 ′
2. Octave 8th'
3. Flûte harmonique 8th'
4th Bourdon 8th'
5. Viola di gamba 8th'
6th Octave 4 ′
7th Pointed flute 4 ′
8th. Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
9. Duplicate 2 ′
10. Mixture IV 2 ′
11. Scharff IV 1'
12. Cornet V 8th'
13. Bombard 16 ′
14th Trumpets 8th'
II Rückpositiv C – g 3
15th Dumped 8th'
16. Quintad 8th'
17th Praestant 4 ′
18th Reed flute 4 ′
19th Sesquialtera II 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
20th Octave 2 ′
21st Forest flute 2 ′
22nd Larigot 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
23. Cymbel IV 1'
24. Cromorne 8th'
Tremulant
III Swell C – g 3
25th Bourdon 16 ′
26th Portal flute 8th'
27. Salicional 8th'
28. Voix céleste 8th'
29 Principal 4 ′
30th Flûte octaviante 4 ′
31. Salicet 4 ′
32. Nasat 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
33. Octavine 2 ′
34. third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
35. Plein Jeu V 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
36. Trompette harmonique 8th'
37. Basson-Hautbois 8th'
38. Voix humaine 8th'
39. Clairon harmonique 4 ′
Tremulant
Pedal C – f 1
40. Pedestal 32 ′
41. Principal 16 ′
42. Sub bass 16 ′
43. Octavbass 8th'
44. Bourdon 8th'
45. Choral bass 4 ′
46. Backset V 4 ′
47. trombone 16 ′
48. prong 8th'
49. Clairon 4 ′
  • Coupling : II / I, III / I, III / II, I / P, II / P, III / P
  • Playing aids : Organo Pleno (principals, basic voices, I and P.)

Choir organ

The choir organ has 20 registers , divided into two manuals and a pedal . The instrument was laid out in two parts along the side walls of the choir, on the right is the main work with the console as the "Epistle organ" , on the left as the "Gospel organ " behind an identical prospect, the swellable ancillary work and pedal.

I Hauptwerk C – g 3
1. Principal 8th'
2. Reed flute 8th'
3. Octave 4 ′
4th flute 4 ′
5. Fifth 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
6th Super octave 2 ′
7th Mixture V 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
8th. Trumpet 8th'
II breastwork (swellable) C – g 3
9. Wooden dacked 8th'
10. Salicional 8th'
11. Pointed flute 4 ′
12. Nasat 2 2 ⁄ 3  ′
13. Forest flute 2 ′
14th third 1 3 ⁄ 5  ′
15th Fifth 1 1 ⁄ 3  ′
16. Wooden shelf 8th'
Tremulant
Pedal C – f 1
17th Sub bass 16 ′
18th Praestant flute 8th'
19th Choral bass 4 ′
20th bassoon 16 ′

parish

Parish area

With almost 1,600 Catholics (as of 2013), the Schottenpfarre is the second largest parish of the city ​​dean's office 1 . The parish boundaries run (clockwise) along the Schottenring, the Danube Canal, the Salztorbrücke, the Gölsdorfgasse , the Salzgries, the Vorlaufstraße, the Tuchlauben, the Wipplingerstraße, the Färbergasse , the Platz Am Hof, the Heidenschuss, the Naglergasse, the Haarhof, the Wallnerstraße, Leopold-Figl-Gasse, Minoritenplatz, Bruno-Kreisky-Gasse , Ballhausplatz, Heldenplatz, Burgring , Dr.-Karl-Renner-Ring and Universitätsring back to Schottenring.

The parish also includes two rectorate churches, Maria am Gestade and the Minorite Church , both of which are looked after by other religious orders ( Redemptorists and Minorites ). In the parish there are also the Johannes Nepomuk Chapel in the Federal Chancellery , the Maria Sacrifice Chapel in the Palais Niederösterreich , the Klemens Maria Hofbauer Chapel of the Academy for Dialogue and Evangelism in Figlhaus, and the Assumption Chapel in Melker Hof as well as the Maria Immaculata Chapel in the Palais Harrach .

In the Middle Ages and early modern times, the Schotten parish included not only part of what is now the Inner City district , but also the suburbs of Rossau and Alservorstadt (in today's Alsergrund and Josefstadt districts ). In addition, the Viennese suburban parishes St. Ulrich , Gumpendorf and later Schottenfeld belonged to the Schottenstift , but they were independent of the monastery parish .

Baptisms, weddings, funerals

The register books of the Schottenpfarre go back to the end of the 16th century. The oldest baptismal registers date from 1598, the oldest marriage registers from 1599, and the oldest death registers from 1649. They represent a valuable source for genealogical research on residents of the former imperial capital and residence city of Vienna .

The rococo painter Giovanni Antonio Guardi , the Polish general Józef Antoni Poniatowski , the porcelain modeler Anton Grassi and the film director Fritz Lang are among the many people who were baptized in the Schottenkirche . The portrait painter Frans Luycx , the baroque musician Johann Joseph Fux , the stonemason Johann Paul Schilck , the baroque painter Paul Troger , the musician Franz Anton von Weber and the orientalist Joseph von Karabacek got married in the Schottenkirche .

The grave of the founder Duke Heinrich II. Jasomirgott , his wife Theodora and his daughter Agnes is located in a separate crypt in the crypt of the Schottenkirche . Also buried in the Schottenkirche were the defender of Vienna, Count Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg , the President of the Court Chamber Philipp Freiherr von Breuner , the Lower Austrian governor Seyfried Freiherr von Breuner , the Chief Chamberlain Prince Johann Ferdinand von Porcia , the Field Marshal Count Ludwig Andreas von Khevenhüller , and the diplomats Count Gottlieb Amadeus von Windisch-Graetz , Franz Freiherr von Lisola and Johann Rudolf Schmid Freiherr von Schwarzenhorn , the court architect Peter Concorz , the sculptor Johann Jacob Pock , the court mathematician Johann Jakob Marinoni and the painter Paul Troger . The noble families Unverzagt , Leslie , Zinzendorf , Porcia , Dietrichstein and Khevenhüller had their own family graves below the side altars of the church. The painter Frans Luycx was buried in the Voglsang cemetery next to the church, which was closed in 1751 .

For the composer Joseph Haydn , who was initially only quietly buried in the Hundsturm cemetery because of the French occupation of Vienna, a large memorial mass was celebrated in the Schottenkirche on June 15, 1809, at which Mozart's Requiem was sung.

literature

  • Marcel Albert: expression of existential concern. The artistic furnishings of the church of the Vienna Schottenstift under Abbot Petrus Heister (1642–1662). In: Early Modern Information. Vol. 20, 2009, ISSN  0940-4007 , pp. 86-103.
  • Martin Czernin: The new Mathis organs in the Abbey Church of Our Lady of the Scots in Vienna. Festschrift on the occasion of the completion of the new Mathis organs and the blessing of the main organ in the church of the Benedictine abbey "Our Lady of the Scots in Vienna". Vienna 1996.
  • Albert Hübl : Building history of the Schotten Abbey in Vienna. In: Reports and communications from the Alterthums-Verein zu Wien. Vol. 46/47, 1914, pp. 35-88.
  • Robert Kramreiter : The Schottengruft in Vienna. Grave of Heinrich Jasomirgott and Count Rüdiger von Starhemberg. Vienna 1962.
  • Cölestin Roman Rapf: The Schottenstift. (= Viennese history books 13). Zsolnay, Vienna and Hamburg 1974, ISBN 3-552-02607-X .
  • Erwin Reidinger , Peter Csendes , Helmut Flachenecker : The Schottenkirche in Vienna: location - orientation - axis bend - date of foundation. In: Austrian magazine for art and monument preservation. Vol. 61, Issue 2/3, 2007, ISSN  0029-9626 , pp. 181-213.
  • Matthias Rist: Schottenkirche Vienna. (= Little Art Guide 856). 2nd Edition. Schnell and Steiner, Regensburg 1997, ISBN 3-7954-4588-4 .

Web links

Commons : Schottenkirche (Vienna)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ On the dating of the last time, Erwin Reidinger u. a .: The Schottenkirche in Vienna. 2007.
  2. ↑ Last on the individual altars, Marcel Albert: Expression of existential concern. 2009.
  3. ↑ Georg Kugler: "Our Lady of the Scots". Art in the Schottenkirche, series: 3rd part. In: Schottenpfarrblatt, No. 6, Lent / Easter 2004, pp. 3–4 ( PDF; 696 kB )
  4. ^ Austrian organ database Karl Schütz. Retrieved December 17, 2011 .
  5. ↑ Mathis Orgelbau AG: Description of the main organ ( Memento of the original from February 10, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.mathis-orgelbau.ch
  6. ↑ Mathis Orgelbau AG: Description of the choir organ ( Memento of the original from February 10, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.mathis-orgelbau.ch

Coordinates: 48 ° 12 ′ 43 "  N , 16 ° 21 ′ 53"  E