Surge
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 50 ° 42 ' N , 10 ° 21' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Thuringia | |
| County : | Schmalkalden-Meiningen | |
| Management Community : | Wasungen-Amt Sand | |
| Height : | 270 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 39.83 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 2269 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 57 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 98590 | |
| Primaries : | 036848, 036968 (Eckardts), 036940 (Schwarzbach) | |
| License plate : | SM, MGN | |
| Community key : | 16 0 66 064 | |
| LOCODE : | DE SWU | |
| Address of the municipal administration: |
Lindenhöhe 10 98590 swellings |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayoress : | Martina Pehlert ( CDU ) | |
| Location of the community Schwallungen in the district of Schmalkalden-Meiningen | ||
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Schwallungen is a municipality in the Schmalkalden-Meiningen district in Thuringia . It belongs to the administrative community Wasungen-Amt Sand , which has its administrative headquarters in the city of Wasungen .
geography
Schwallungen is located in the central Werra Valley between the Thuringian Forest and the Rhön . The distance to the district town of Meiningen is about 15 kilometers (as the crow flies) and to the core town of Schmalkalden about 8 kilometers (as the crow flies). The geology of the area is shaped by the Lower Buntsandstein with its water-bearing lettuce layer ( clay slate ). Numerous springs can be used in the vicinity of the place.
The highest point of the municipality is on the summit of the Möckerser Höhe ( 486.7 m above sea level ), the lowest point is on the banks of the Werra ( 258.2 m above sea level ). The highest mountains and elevations are the Hengstberg ( 471 m above sea level ) near Schwarzbach, the Oberer Vogelherd ( 465 m above sea level ) near Zillbach, the Röhrberg ( 456.6 m above sea level ) near Eckardts, the forest town of Zehnbuchen ( 448 m above sea level ) and the Kirschberg at Schwallungen ( 450.4 m above sea level ) are worth mentioning.
The water network is well structured and part of the Werra catchment area . As orographic right tributary of the Werra in the local situation Schwallungen opens the Körne stream into the Werra. Several fish ponds and meadows were created on its upper reaches. The Schwarzbach , Schambach , Zillbach and Rosabach brooks are significant as orographically left tributaries . The Eckardts storage facility was built on the middle course of the Schambach for agricultural purposes, and the Schildbachsmühle and Lückmühle are also located on this small river . The wind pond was created in the Werraaue near the Windenhof .
Community structure
The districts of Eckardts , Windenhof Schwarzbach and Zillbach belong to the community of Schwallungen .
Neighboring communities
Neighboring communities (all in the district of Schmalkalden-Meiningen) are Friedelshausen , Rosa , Roßdorf , the city of Schmalkalden , the city of Wasungen and Wernshausen .
history
State affiliation
The main town Schwallungen emerged from a Franconian settlement and was first mentioned in 788 as Swollunga . At this time the place belonged to the East Franconian Grabfeldgau . Gaugraf Matto donated 788 property in Swollunga to the Fulda monastery . According to local tradition, the place name Swollunga means something like "place where the clan lives by the gushing water". In the year 795 Egilof as a free farmer and in the year 874 the noble Kunihild donated further land to this monastery. Kunihild's deed of donation from 874 mentions not only Schwallungen but also Wasungen and Schmalkalden .
By the 11th century at the latest, the Counts of Henneberg appeared as rulers with their Wasung branch line and after 1230 with the ancestral line. Schwallungen, which still belonged to the Schmalkalden rule in 1340 , already paid its taxes to Wasungen in 1493 , after the Counts of Henneberg-Schleusingen had won regional sovereignty for the office and blood jurisdiction for the Zent Wasungen in a tough battle .
After the Hennebergs died out, the dukes of the Ernestine duchies belonging to the Wettin family followed as heirs . Subsequently, there were further divisions from which the Duchy of Saxony-Meiningen was created in 1680 . The Schwallunger jurisdiction was still exercised by the Cent Schmalkalden until 1619 .
Schwallungen belonged to the " Meininger Unterland " in the Duchy of Saxony-Meiningen until the abdication of the Meiniger Princely House and the subsequent re-establishment of the State of Thuringia and from 1922 it was part of the Meiningen district . Schwallungen celebrated its 1200 year first mention in 1988. In 1992 the district of Zillbach was incorporated and in 1994 Eckardts and Schwarzbach were also incorporated. On January 1, 2012, the municipality joined the administrative community Wasungen-Amt Sand .
middle Ages
Due to the topography of the terrain, the Schwallungen settlement was limited to the Werra Valley, barely two kilometers wide, with its slopes gently sloping to the north and east, the agricultural areas were small and hampered the growth of the place. Schwallungen still consisted of three town centers in the late Middle Ages:
- Flooding or old flooding (today Windenhof)
- Surge or new surge (today Oberdorf)
- Undershooting (on Bachstrasse).
In today's municipal area, the local drains nearby farms went Oberkörnbach and Niederkörnbach as abandoned settlements on. The oldest building still in existence in Schwallungen has been known as the Kemenate since ancient times and, as evidenced by two chronograms above the main entrances, dates from 1537. The stone building erected as a residential tower is already considered the successor to an older, essentially Franconian castle complex on the hill in the center of the place, which also bears the current church, consecrated around 1612. Until 1570, the Schwallunger parish was subordinate to the parish of Wasungen , there was a branch church in the village early on.
Little news is known about the former castle: a noble Sigfried von Schwallungen was mentioned as early as 1057 when he handed over goods to the Fulda monastery with confirmation from the imperial chancellery. Since the 11th century at the latest, the Counts of Henneberg and their Wasung lineage appeared as sovereigns. The local nobility of Schwallungen became Henneberg feudal people. The so-called "manor" was created as the aristocratic main court of Oberschwallungen and was initially owned by the Lords of Schwallungen, from 1319 von Laure , from 1343 to 1383 owned by the knight Wolfram Schrimpf . The fortified residential tower was badly damaged in the Thirty Years War . The courtyard at the Kemenate, which was converted into a manor, was managed until the 20th century and still experienced numerous changes of ownership.
Modern times
For the participation of the Schwallunger in the peasant war in the spring of 1525, the place should be cremated, the punishment was converted into a fine. Already in 1512 was Niederschwallungen been devastated, so the residents settled in Oberschwallungen.
The location on a military road suffered serious setbacks in the Thirty Years' War. The number of inhabitants was also influenced by epidemics that were brought in and by permanent flight. Tradition has it that there were only five families left in the village at the end of this war. The losses were offset by immigration from other parts of the duchy. A wealthy member of the ducal administration - Johann Christian Hartung from Meiningen - founded the farm "the winds" in 1695 in the deserted corridor of downfalls . The district, still known today as Windenhof , initially consisted of two residential buildings and agricultural outbuildings. Hartung even received an exemption from duties and taxes over a long period of time for services rendered. The Windenhof was later bought by a Herr von Buttlar before it was bought and divided up by Schwallung farmers in the 19th century. Walch reports on the economic situation in the village after the ravages of the Seven Years' War:
- Schwallungen (with the epitome of the Windehof and the paper mill, 115 houses, 180 households and 673 souls), a ... parish village on the Landstrasse with a Freyhof and a Sachsen-Weimar and Eisenachischen Söhn- und daughterlehnbaren Ritterguth, which together with the largest part of the 2 Wüstungen Ober- and Unterkörnbach to ... Mr. Johann Heinrich Bleymüller belongs to the town of Schmalkalden, who therefore appears at the state parliaments in Meiningen. There are also two very sought-after retreats and apart from the grinding mill in the village, called the Bachmühle, 2 grinding mills on the Werra, ... besides 53 farmers, 1 gun dealer, 1 organ builder ..., 1 art turner, 3 brandy burners, 56 craftsmen - e.g. 9 butchers, 8 weavers, 9 tailors, 2 shoemakers, 6 wagons, 7 blacksmiths, 3 bricklayers, 4 carpenters, 3 büttner, 1 baker, several journeymen and some apprentices
Traffic history
As a neighbor of the Werra, the bridge (initially made of wood), first mentioned from 1400 on, was of great strategic importance for Schwallungen. The bridge, which was certainly repeatedly damaged by ice and floods and constantly renewed, had to be dismantled in 1757 by order of the Imperial Army. It is not known whether one was dependent on ferries until the end of the Seven Years' War. In 1927 a concrete bridge was built over the Werra. This bridge was also destroyed in 1945 for military reasons. The flooding of the floodplain, which is expected annually, cost huge sums, so in 1855 the state government of Saxony-Meiningen approved the construction of a protective dam on the left bank of the Werra and the construction of a road called "Hochstraße" from the western bridgehead of the Werra bridge to the edge of the valley with a connection to the road to Schwarzbach . As the last extension of the Werra, the Werra weir was renewed around 1894. The intervention resulted in the suspension of the Werra rafting company, but the Werrabahn, which was built around the same time, was able to take over the transport of wood in the Werra Valley. The local roads have been continuously expanded since the turn of the century, after the main road as part of Meininger Chaussee was modernized in the 19th century. The legitimate demand for a bypass road to relieve traffic was followed by initial construction work in 2005 and the official clearance of the bypass for floods on December 20, 2007. Schwallungen has a stop on the Eisenach – Lichtenfels railway line .
Economic development
The introduction of tobacco cultivation became important for economic development in the 19th century. The place was always characterized by agriculture and owned a manor, the majority of the farms in the place were considered small farmers. After the Second World War, the manor was smashed. In 1950 the agricultural production cooperative "Karl Marx" was founded (as LPG Type 1).
Fire protection and the supply of drinking water were always of great importance for the development of living conditions in the village. The first fire engine received in 1787 a syringe house built at the expense of the community. The village of Schwallungen was struck by a large fire on November 8, 1894, and over half of the village was reduced to rubble. A first central water supply with public fountains could be put into operation with the reconstruction of the place in 1896, gradually the numerous old village fountains disappeared.
The introduction of the Reformation had also promoted the schooling of the village population. The first village school was probably built before the Thirty Years War, a new building is documented by invoices in 1682. After the major fire, a new school building was also required. In the GDR era, education policy was an elementary part of the system of rule, and every new school building was welcomed with great propaganda. In 1961 the school was converted into the 10-class "Friedrich Engels" polytechnic high school. From 1991 to 2005 Schwallungen even had a "Werratal High School". In this context, the town received government funding in 1995 for the construction of the three-field sports hall and the inauguration of a converted fire station .
Around 1900 the place began to grow strongly, with the settlement of the former lark field, the district "Brückenfeld" was formed. In the 1980s the new "Culture and Sports Center" was completed on the "Heubachswiesen". After the fall of the Wall, the development of a 30 hectare industrial area on Bundesstrasse 19 began . A furniture store had settled there as a major investor, the main building of which was badly damaged in a fire on July 18, 2002.
Incorporations
Zillbach was incorporated on April 1, 1992, and Eckardts and Schwarzbach followed on February 25, 1994 .
Population development
Development of the population:
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- Data source: from 1994 Thuringian State Office for Statistics - values from December 31st
politics
Municipal council
The local elections on May 25, 2014 with a turnout of 55.2% led to the following result for the composition of the local council:
| Party / list | Share of votes | Seats |
| CDU | 59.6% | 8th |
| SPD | 11.7% | 2 |
| VWG Eckardts | 19.1% | 3 |
| VWG Schwarzbach | 9.6% | 1 |
partnership
Personalities
- Rudolf Kühnhold (1903–1992), physicist
Individual evidence
- ^ Population of the municipalities from the Thuringian State Office for Statistics ( help on this ).
- ↑ a b c Official topographic maps of Thuringia 1: 10,000. LK Schmalkalden-Meiningen, LK Hildburghausen, LK Sonneberg, district-free city of Suhl . In: Thuringian Land Survey Office (Hrsg.): CD-ROM series Top10 . CD 6. Erfurt 1999.
- ↑ a b c d e f g N.N .: History of surge (excerpt). Local government Schwallungen, 2012, accessed December 8, 2012 .
- ↑ a b c surge. In: Ernst Julius Walch: Historical, statistical, geographical and topographical description of the royal and ducal Saxon houses and lands in general and of the Saxe-Coburg-Meiningian house and its lands in particular. Schneider and Weigel, Nuremberg 1811, pp. 174–177.
- ↑ Thomas Bienert: Medieval castles in Thuringia. 430 castles, castle ruins and fortifications. Wartberg Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 2000, ISBN 3-86134-631-1 , p. 267.
- ↑ What is meant is a paper mill.
- ↑ 2014 municipal council elections in Thuringia
Web links
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