Silbach
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Silbach
City of Winterberg
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| Height : | 542 m | |
| Residents : | 699 (June 30, 2019) | |
| Incorporation : | 1st January 1975 | |
| Postal code : | 59955 | |
| Area code : | 02983 | |
Location of Silbach in Winterberg |
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Silbach stop
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Silbach is a district of Winterberg in the Hochsauerlandkreis , North Rhine-Westphalia ( Germany ).
The village , an old historical mountain freedom , has around 700 inhabitants.
Geographical location
Silbach is located in the northern part of the Rothaargebirge about 5 km northwest of the core town of Winterberg and about 2.5 km south of Siedlinghausen (another district of Winterberg). It spreads in the Sauerland-Rothaargebirge nature park near its northern border.
The village is located at the confluence of the Strülleken in the stream nameless (south-eastern tributary of the negroes ) at about 620 (in the north) to 660 m above sea level. NHN (in the south) between these mountains: Silberberg ( 745.5 m ), Nordhelle ( 792.2 m ) and Kuhlenberg ( 743.5 m ) in eastern directions as well as Steinberg ( 728.7 m ) and Hillekopf ( 717.4 m ) in western directions.
State road 740 runs through the village, which connects Winterberg (southeast), for example through Silbach and the neighboring Siedlinghausen to the north with Meschede (in the northwest).
history
Beginnings of the village
Silbach is one of the oldest villages in the Winterberg urban area. In 1281 a place called “Silbike” was first mentioned as a scattered settlement in the Arnsberg registers - this refers to Silbach. At that time the village consisted of three farms: Lütteken, Haus Permesters in Obersilbach; Rodeck in the Fuchshol; Birkenhauer, Behrens house in Untersilbach. The inhabitants of Silbach were not only farmers, mainly cattle breeders, but also miners and smelters.
Start of mining in Silbach and elevation to mountain freedom
In the following centuries, the village grew due to the influx of people from the surrounding small villages around Silbach, which no longer exist today and are known as desolations . Mining has always played a very special role for Silbach. Silver veins were discovered on the Silberberg as early as 1159 . In order to promote mining in Silbach, Silbach was raised to mountain freedom in 1559 . As a result, the Silbachers enjoyed privileges over the residents of the surrounding villages: They did not have to pay poll tax, were free from manual and tension services as well as from military service, Silbach had market and coat of arms rights, and court was held in Silbach from 1559 .
At first, mining in Silbach flourished through the discovery of silver veins. Due to the lack of local workers, miners from Clausthal-Zellerfeld (Harz) came to Silbach. Around the middle of the 17th century, mining was initially stopped due to the pressure of water in the pits. The Silbachers turned to another trade, iron processing, forging nails.
In the 19th century, mining in Silbach experienced another boom: the miners dug for silver, lead, iron ore and slate. But the Silbach miners were not only active in Silbach, they also dug for ore in the mines in Ramsbeck . In addition to miners, there were other professions in Silbach in the 19th century: traders, charcoal burners, farmers, nail smiths, later came with the Boom in tourism in the Hochsauerland adds hoteliers and boarding houses.
In 1950 the last slate tunnel in Fuchshol was closed. An old pit compressor in the lower village and a cart in the village park are reminiscent of the time when slate was still mined in Silbach.
Diabase has been extracted in the Silbacher Grünsteinwerke since 1923. The quarry is located above the main road at the level of the stop.
History of the parish and the Catholic parish church
The residents of Silbach sought independence from the parish of Grönebach in the 18th century . Since 1645 Silbach had a chapel, the old "Haus Seibeln", but no priest of his own. The dead had to be buried in Grönebach, regardless of wind and weather, the Silbachers went with the coffin over the old church path to Grönebach. In 1712, after an initial protest by the Grönebach pastor, the mountain freedom got its own pastor. In 1772, Silbach was parished from Grönebach.
On August 1, 1803, Silbach was struck by a fire. Only six residential buildings remained, including the Behrens house built in 1728 in Unterdorf an der Hauptstraße, the oldest building in Silbach that still exists today. The chapel, however, burned down. That is why the people of Silbach built a new church from 1809 to 1812, which is still standing today, the Catholic parish church of St. Luzia and St. Willibrord in the center of the village. In 1964 a large extension and the construction of a church tower followed.
Two bells from the Grafschaft monastery, which were added to the tower with the onion dome in 1812 and were to be melted down during the Second World War, were brought back to Silbach from Lünen at the end of the war . These bells, which date from 1625, still ring for church services today. The Silbach parish church still has two more bells, a total of four.
History of the Silbach schools
The first secular teacher started working in Silbach as early as 1782, teaching the children in different houses in the village. In 1861, Silbach received his first own school building. This first schoolhouse eventually turned out to be too small; In 1904 the second school building was built in Fuchshol. The third schoolhouse was built at the castle in 1958. Today the Silbach school children go to primary school in Siedlinghausen. There are apartments in the third school building at the castle.
Connection of Silbach to the transport network
The road from Steinhelle via Siedlinghausen and Silbach to Winterberg was completed in 1863. In the same year the first mail car drove from Olsberg via Silbach to Winterberg, and a post office was set up in Juergen's house in Silbach. In 1906 the railroad ran through the valley of negroes and nameless people for the first time. There is a siding at the Silbach stop, but it has been closed. The track infrastructure is still in a relatively good condition, although the steel sleepers from Bigge to Winterberg date from 1933 and the tracks from 1955.
Silbach in the First and Second World War
During the First World War, the population of Silbach suffered hunger and hardship. 20 soldiers fell from the village. In 1921 a war memorial was erected in the town center.
84 Silbach soldiers and civilians died in the Second World War (including the fallen relatives of the displaced families from eastern Germany who had come to the village since 1945). In 1953 a new memorial was erected at the cemetery. The first memorial was demolished, the memorial plaque is now in the Chapel of the Cross, built in 1924. In 1999 a new memorial was erected on the street at the cemetery.
On September 22, 1944, a house in the village was hit by two bombs and two others were slightly damaged during an air raid. In November the Wehrmacht relocated a unit to the village for felling tank wood for wood gasification . Because of a lack of fuel, some of the Wehrmacht vehicles were powered by wood gasification. Towards the end of 1944, 980 people lived in the village, 288 of whom were evacuees from the Ruhr area. From March 1945 the place became a combat area u. a. Wehrmacht radio vehicles were lying in the village. On April 1, the site was shelled by US troops. Several buildings were hit. The inhabitants sought protection in tunnels at the Fuchshol, in the Nordhelle and at the castle, some of them in cellars reinforced with supports. On April 2, two residents were killed by shrapnel. On the night of April 4, US soldiers moved into the village. There was house fighting. Some of the soldiers who fled into the tunnels were captured. The residents had to stay in the tunnels until the morning of April 6th. Some of the houses were occupied by US soldiers until mid-April. In Silbach, the Volkssturm had been called, but was no longer used. Four fallen soldiers were buried in the village cemetery and three more around the village. Some houses were damaged by the fighting. For years there were three destroyed German assault guns and five armored cars in the village. A camp of the Heinemann company from Neuss in the village was looted by residents or distributed to the needy by the US local commandant. In the period that followed, there were attacks by former Eastern workers.
Silbach after 1945
In the course of time, the old main street could no longer cope with the increasing traffic. Therefore, from 1964 to 1965, the street was widened and the main intersection in the center of the village was redesigned. Some old houses had to be demolished. The side streets were then redesigned. A land consolidation was also carried out. In 1967 the old split houses , relics from the Silbach mining era , were demolished. A parking lot was created there. In the same place an information board with pictures and the old mine compressor were put up.
After 1945, 100 to 120 evangelical Christians came to Silbach among those expelled from the east, and they initially held their services in the old school in Fuchshol. Under Pastor Hanschmann from Siedlinghausen a church was built for them on Silberberg and consecrated on March 28, 1965 by President Ernst Wilm , Bielefeld. In the meantime it has been profaned .
In 1973 Silbach won the gold medal in the national competition “ Our village should be more beautiful ”. As part of the municipal reorganization , Silbach lost its independence on January 1, 1975 and became a district of the city of Winterberg.
On Corpus Christi Day 1975, an American U2 reconnaissance plane crashed in the woods above Silbach. A plaque commemorates the crash today. The pilot saved himself with the ejection seat and landed unharmed at the tar plant between Winterberg and Silbach.
politics
Silbach is one of the few localities in the Sauerland in which the local elections are regularly won by the SPD . The village is currently represented by three councilors (two from the SPD and one from the CDU) in the city council of Winterberg. In the state, Bundestag and European elections, on the other hand, the CDU usually gets the most votes.
The mayor is currently André Kruse (SPD).
coat of arms
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Blazon :
In gold on a red three-mountain, in which there is a black, gold-rimmed tunnel mouth hole, a red conveyor reel with an attached red conveyor basket. |
Description:
The coat of arms indicates the past of the place as a mountain freedom, in which lead ore containing silver has been mined since the middle of the 16th century. The coat of arms was affixed in the Silbach chapel with the year 1700. The official approval took place on March 21, 1939. |
economy
Hikers and winter sports enthusiasts spend their holidays in the hotels and pensions in the village. The Rothaarsteig leads directly past Silbach. In winter, Silbach is surrounded by an extensive network of trails. There used to be good skiing conditions at the two ski lifts ( anchor lift “In der Schlucht” for advanced skiers and “Auf der Ennert” for beginners) when there was enough snow. Both plants were shut down a few years ago.
Attractions
- Village park with a historic nail forge and lorry, reminiscent of slate mining
- Statue of St. John Nepomuk in the center of the village on the banks of the Nameless, which a monk from the Grafschaft monastery erected in Silbach in 1777
- "Silbacher Bruch" slate tunnel in the lower village with carts, pit compressor and information boards on the history of mining in Silbach
- Catholic parish church of St. Luzia and Willibrord from 1812
- Silbacher Kreuzweg from 1874 with depictions of the Passion of Jesus Christ on iron relief plates in sandstone housings in neo-Gothic style and the Chapel of the Cross from 1924
traffic
The L740 connects Silbach with Siedlinghausen in the north and Winterberg in the south. Silbach has a train station in Oberdorf, which acts as a stop for trains on the Dortmund-Sauerland-Express, Dortmund – Winterberg line. During the week, the Dortmund-Sauerland-Express runs every two hours to Winterberg and Dortmund. Every hour on weekends and public holidays. Since mountain biking is very good in the Winterberg area in summer, an extra bicycle cart is occasionally brought along.
Events
In 2006 Silbach celebrated its 725th anniversary with a village community festival in the village hall. In 2009, the 450th anniversary of Silbach's elevation to mountain freedom was celebrated with a total of around 7,000 visitors. Every year on May 1st, to commemorate the mining tradition, the Stollenfest takes place opposite the former “Silbacher Bruch” mine in the lower village. There are regular shooting festivals on the last weekend in June. Other regular events are the fire brigade festival of the fire fighting group Silbach, the forest festival of the Schützenbruderschaft in August and the show dance tournament of the game and sports club, which has been held in November since 1997 and is one of the largest dance tournaments in the Hochsauerland.
Culture and clubs
music
- BigBand "Luck up"
- Musikverein "Glück auf"
- Mixed choir Silbach
Sports
- Play and sports club (SuS) "blue-white"
- Tennis club
- Ski club
Tradition / Customs / Homeland Care
- St. Hubertus Schützenbruderschaft 1889 Silbach eV with young rifle division
- Tourist and local history association
- Förderverein Berg Freiheit Silbach eV
- Interest group traffic calming Silbach
- SGV department Silbach
- Volunteer fire brigade fire fighting group Silbach
- Catholic women's community
- KAB
- Kolping family
Personalities
Personalities who have worked on site
- Cheyenne Rosenthal (* 2000), German luge athlete, grew up in Silbach and still lives in Berg Freiheit today.
- Alois Schnorbus (* 1952), former German bobsleigh pilot, has lived in Silbach since the end of his active sports career.
Individual evidence
- ↑ City of Winterberg: Winterberg in facts and figures , accessed on December 30, 2019
- ^ Hugo Cramer: The district of Brilon in the Second World War 1939-1945 . Josefs-Druckerei, Bigge 1955, section Medebach, pp. 77-81.
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 332 .
- ↑ United Press International, "Spy Plane Crashes in W. Germany", Playground Daily News , Fort Walton Beach, Florida, Friday 30 May 1975, Volume 30, Number 97, p. 2A.
- ↑ Photos of the crashed plane , accessed on October 15, 2014.
- ↑ sauerlandkurier.de: Silbach has a new mayor , accessed on November 18, 2019
- ^ Eduard Belke, Alfred Bruns, Helmut Müller: Communal coats of arms of the Duchy of Westphalia. Arnsberg 1986, ISBN 3-87793-017-4 , p. 186.
- ↑ ikz-online.de: The nail forge will be opened to interested visitors by arrangement , accessed on December 15, 2019
- ↑ Silbach.de: Mining, culture and beautiful views , accessed on December 21, 2019
Web links
- Website Silbach
- Silbach in the Westphalia Culture Atlas
Altastenberg | Altenfeld | Elkeringhausen | Grönebach | Hildfeld | Hoheleye | Boredom | Lenneplatz | Minor soaps | Neuastenberg | Niedersfeld | Siedlinghausen | Silbach | Züschen