Worry (eider)
| Concern | ||
.gif) The concern in the river system of the Eider |
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| Data | ||
| Water code | DE : 95212 | |
| location | South Schleswig , Schleswig-Holstein | |
| River system | Eider | |
| Drain over | Eider → North Sea | |
| source | Bistensee | |
| Source height | 12 m | |
| muzzle | at Hohner ferry in the Eider coordinates: 54 ° 17 '22 " N , 9 ° 23' 37" E 54 ° 17 '22 " N , 9 ° 23' 37" E
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| length | nominally 29.4 km with GKZ 95212 → 33.1 km
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| Discharge at the Sorgbrück A Eo gauge : 131 km² Location: 23.6 km above the mouth |
NNQ (July 21, 1992) MNQ 1985/2013 MQ 1985/2013 Mq 1985/2013 MHQ 1985/2013 HHQ (March 1, 2010) |
37 l / s 464 l / s 1.64 m³ / s 12.5 l / (s km²) 8.15 m³ / s 11.1 m³ / s |
| Left tributaries | Mühlenbach (Alt Duvenstedt), Garlbeck, Rinne | |
| Right tributaries | Source river Boklunder Au-Mühlenbach; Bennebeck, old concern | |
| Communities | Alt Duvenstedt , Lohe-Föhrden , Tetenhusen , Meggerdorf | |
 Worry at Haberland |
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The Sorge is a right tributary of the Eider in northern Schleswig-Holstein . The Sorge is 29.35 km long from the union of the two main source rivers to the confluence with the Eider, and 33.1 km from the Bistensee. With its longest tributary it is 40.5 km. The longest river route in the Sorge river system is 45 km.
Spring waters
According to today's division of names, the concern arises northwest of Alt Duvenstedt from the union of the Stente and the Mühlenau . The stente is the outflow of the Bistensee . In official maps from 2000, the lower part of the stents between the Stenter Mühlenteich and the confluence also bore the name Sorge.
Stents
In the hydrological classification with water body numbers , which is based not only on the length of the water body but also on the area of the catchment area and the amount of water, not only the stent is considered part of the concern (also GKZ 95212), but also the longest tributary of the Bistensee as it actual spring water (GKZ 952121 and 9521211). This creek without an official name runs in the upper part, possibly through piping, partly underground. In the forest area Gehege Fresenboje it flows through the Fresensee. The stretch of water from the most distant source to the union of the Stente with the Mühlenau measures about 11.15 km, including the lakes.
Boklunder Au - Mühlenau
The stretch of water from the Mühlenau (formerly Mühlebach ) and its upper reaches Boklunder Au is 15.9 kilometers significantly longer than the waters by Fresensee and Bistensee. The name Boklunder Au begins southwest of Jagel , but a watercourse beginning in the southeast of Jagel is about 100 m longer and therefore bears the total number of this water body (GKZ 952122).
River course
From the union of Mühlenau and Stente, the still narrow Sorge flows westwards, where its lowlands are bordered by Geest ridge , only slightly winding. At Sorgbrück on the northern edge of the Loher Heide , it is crossed by the B 77 and the historic Ochsenweg . From here on, the river is called Neue Sorge, because of the melioration history described in the following chapter . At Tetenhusen the river reaches the western marshland and sometimes meanders here very strongly. From Meggerdorf it is led through an artificially created straight bed. The Alte Sorge is cut off from the flowing water in the Meggerkoog and adjacent lowlands. Today it is called the Alte Sorge Loop . In addition to the land use, mainly as pastureland, this is a large nature reserve in which many waterfowl rest on their migrations in spring and autumn. From this, storks feed their offspring, which they raise in Bergenhusen and Wohlde in Horsten on the roofs and masts.
The concern itself flows south along the diversion dike to the sand sluice .
This is a weir with a sluice and a very powerful pumping station, which was built in its current form in the 1950s to finally protect the farmland behind it from floods. It repels fresh water that accumulates during North Sea floods and salt water, mixed with Eider water, during storm surges.
For about six kilometers it flows as a somewhat wider river through the meadows, before flowing into the Eider at Hohner ferry. Shortly before, it takes in the water of the channel , which comes here as a quite wide drainage channel from Lake Hohner . Their water is also pumped.
Old worry, land reclamation
Originally, the Sorge lowlands were already a wetland in themselves. Above the soft, boggy, deep subsoil lay several lakes and lakes as natural collecting basins for the groundwater, the river water of the old Sorgelaufes, for precipitation and melt, and for the North Sea flooding flowing in via the Eider . As the Eider became increasingly dammed up the river, the tide swelled higher and higher, so that the water regularly poured into the still unspoiled worry lowland.
In the north there were the Börmer See and the Wittenhagener Landsee. These lakes connected the Börmer Au with the Meggersee , which the river Sorge, together with the Bennebek , turned into a lake almost all year round . The Kleinsee , which formerly belonged to Bergenhusen , lay next to the western bulge of the Meggersee. A small ditch connected the waters. After leaving the Meggersee on its west side, the later Alte Sorge made a turning loop to the southeast. At this point it took up the stacking gully , the common drainage of the Norderstapeler-, Süderstapeler- and the Dacksee . South of Meggerdorf , near Hölken, the Meyensee drained into the Sorge. Before the river finally reached the Eider at the Hohner ferry, it took in the overflow of the Hohner See from the Königsmoor.
Most of the lakes and lands of the Sorge lowlands belonged to the Princely House of Schleswig. At the beginning of the 17th century, the then sovereign, Duke Friedrich III , made it possible for Dutch Remonstrants to settle between Eider and Treene . Friedrichstadt was founded. As expected, the immigrants included a number of men who were experts in hydraulic engineering and who had strategic thinking and the necessary entrepreneurial courage. They are responsible for the plans to drain the worry lowlands. They were actually implemented, albeit with great difficulty, and are still valid today.
As of July 24, 1623, these were Christian Becker, Pieter Tristeyn, Joan de Haen, Marten van Bocholt, Franxois van der Schagen, Guiliemus de Renault, Robert Oudart. From September 9, 1623, Carolus Ryckwaert, Pieter de Goyer, F. Noordwyk, Willem van Dam, Claes Jansz and G. vd Gall joined them. (After JJ Vollenhoven, contributions to the history of the Remonstrant Reformed community in Friedrichstadt, Bade, Friedrichstadt 1849.)
The project was divided into three construction phases:
- Diversion of the river water from Bennebek and Sorge, with the creation of a new river bed and a dike protecting the lowland; Damming the southeastern lowlands against the floods of the Eider.
- Construction of trenches and sluices to drain the lowlands; Drainage of the lakes through the creation of ring dikes and the construction of pumping stations with residential and auxiliary buildings.
- To drain and regulate the water levels in the lowlands, the creation of a drainage canal to the Eider with the construction of a lock.
The planning area encompassed the entire lowland east of the Stapelholm ridge up to the Königsmoor and - in this width - from the Eider northwards to over the Börmer See. According to the plans, an area of around 40 km² should be drained and reclaimed for cultivation. For the conditions at the time, it was an almost unimaginable project, unmanageable for the established residents. The plans were approved by the prince and construction work began in 1623. That was at the time of the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648), which left its mark on the low-worries.
To divert the Bennebek and the Sorge, they were given a new, shared bed on the east side of the Sorge lowlands. That is the new worry . The excavation was raised on the inside to create a lowland dam and named diversion dike. As today's first-order road, the diversion dike has a double function. It runs from Alt Bennebek / Schusterkate southwards, at an obtuse angle around Meggerdorf, to the sand lock at Christiansholm / Meggerholm . At its beginning, the structure closes the depression near Schusterkate. It seals off the worry lowland along its entire length from the bogs to the east. The sand lock was built to regulate the water levels east of the diversion dike, including Neue Sorge. At its southern end, from the sand lock, the diversion dike is extended from the moor dike in a south-west curve to the Erfder Geest. This is the section between Christiansholm / Meggerholm and Erfde / Grevenhorst.
The old common river bed of Bennebek and Sorge was separated from the new river bed in two places by the diversion dike. This happens on the northern border at Alt Bennebek and on the southeastern border below the sand lock. Since this turning point, the separated western course of the river has been called Alte Sorge . It only serves as a drainage ditch with the function of a main receiving water.
Until then, the flood of the Eider still ran through the open Sorgema estuary into the Sorge lowlands. Since then, the bog dike, as part of today's B 202, has prevented this. This dike closes the south-eastern flank of the lowland. Below the sand sluice it crosses the dividing point between old and new care. The Neue Sorge has taken over the old estuary.
This sealed off the planning area against all inflows. The diversion and the bog dike secured the eastern flank. In the south the now extended Eiderdeich barred the flood, in the west the Stapelholm ridge joined itself. The areas north of the Börmer See now drained via the Rheider Au and Neue Graft into the Treene . Now the second and third construction phases could be tackled.
When the northern lakes were drained, the small Wittenhagener Landsee remained untouched. This area should dry up on its own as the level of drainage increases. Ring dikes were built on the other lakes to prevent further inflows from the lowlands. The outflows from the lakes were filled in and wind-powered pumping stations were installed instead. Below the pumping mill, the outflow continued into the Meggersee and on to the now Alte Sorge. Correspondingly created parcel ditches and side waters provided drainage.
The drainage of the Sorge lowlands was in terms of its size and difficulty a largely unique project that had never been carried out before. The seemingly simple drainage system had its particular difficulties. The lakes were shielded from further influx, but not from the groundwater that seeped into the wide lowlands. This was particularly noticeable at Börmer See, which was a good two feet (about 65 cm) lower than Meggersee. A pumping station alone would definitely not have been enough here.
Another example is Fünfmühlen , on the northwest corner of the former Meggersee. Today there is a machine-operated pumping station there. Its name can actually be traced back to five wind-driven pumping stations, with the help of which the lake was repeatedly drained and the later Meggerkoog drained. The narrow network of deep and wide parcel ditches in the Meggerkoog gives a reasonable idea of the large amounts of water that can still be siphoned off there, which was by no means cheap in the past. The systems had to be operated and so each pumping station had a hut for the staff and a piece of arable land.
Further difficulties arose from the unpredictability of the water supply, so to speak from drought to downpour and melt, including groundwater. The amount of water could not be estimated in order to determine the extent of the necessary systems. This was shown by the example of the stone sluice in the Eiderdeich.
The third construction phase was the drainage of the worry lowlands. The Alte Sorge, which is heavily loaded as the main receiving water, no longer had adequate drainage after the turning point. A new drainage channel was built. This canal, still known today as the Great Chimneys, is an extension of the stacking channel with the direction of flow reversed today. It extends from the Wendeschleife der Alte Sorge westwards to the stone sluice. However, it quickly became apparent that the stone sluice, which was also new, could not handle the amount of water from the Alte Sorge. An apparently simpler solution was to equip the bog dike on the south-eastern edge of the lowland with two smaller drainage sluices and to reconnect the Alte Sorge to its former lower course. Then it turned out that the jamb of the two bog dyke sluices were not set deep enough and the drainage was still not sufficient. This new problem could not be solved for the time being. Bad events rolled over the valley.
a) The long Eiderdeich, only built in 1615 in the section between Süderstapel and Bargen / Scheppern , had proven to be insufficient and had to be reinforced. The economically overwhelmed neighbors were unable to do this. The dike broke under the huge storm surge of October 1634. The low of concern was flooded again.
b) Wallenstein , General of the Thirty Years' War and Imperial General of the Baltic and Oceanic Seas , dreamed his only brief dream of a canal across Schleswig-Holstein in Rendsburg. Meanwhile, his troops unsettled the country. In order to cut them off, the residents of the Sorge lowlands opened all the locks themselves, so that the lowlands sank completely. The imperial troops, after them the Swedes, invaded the landscape anyway and it took a long time for the region to recover.
c) For years afterwards, the Sorge lowlands were so high under water that a separate, uncontrolled overflow to the Treene developed in the northwest . The lowland and its facilities were so ruined that the Dutch gave up their high investments and their rights to the land.
The ownership and ownership rights to the lands and facilities fell back to the rulers and neighbors. Up until the 18th century, new attempts were made to dry up the lowlands and the again flooded lakes, but initially without any significant success. The Dutch system was followed, but only worked selectively and without context. Materials were processed that did not meet the requirements and the indispensable maintenance of newly built systems was dispensed with.
A typical example were the bog dyke locks with the jambs placed too high. The dike was broken through several times with and without locks and closed again. Finally, another relief channel, the Neue Schlote , was built on the west side of the lowland as a secondary river . To this day it is a forked ditch that runs parallel to the Große Schlote and which has its own lock in the Eiderdeich. This later had to be closed again due to defects in the material. After that, the two trenches drained together via an enlarged stone sluice, which was replaced by a pumping station in later years.
The same thing happened with the lakes, which were repeatedly drained until the facilities fell into disrepair and a new owner tried to drain them again. The maintenance of the drainage system as a whole was neglected often and long enough that weeds, breaks and excessive use of fish traps repeatedly led to blockages and floods. The repair of such damage was regularly the cause of very protracted disputes about responsibilities and costs.
In addition, there were natural disasters: the Eider dyke broke as a result of storm surges and high water accumulations east of the diversion dike because the drainage no longer worked because of the high water level in the Eider. The sand lock was no longer of any use here. To relieve the Neue Sorge, the diversion dike had to be broken through repeatedly, with the result that the lowland flooded again.
After the change from the 17th to the 18th century, the conditions in the Sorge lowlands gradually changed, not least with the Sorckekooges dyke order of 1702 , which was valid in the entire lowlands. With this regulation, the embroidery of the dykes, the allocation of the service and maintenance costs, the duties of use, care and control of the dykes and drainage systems were ordered, and failures were threatened with administrative fines. Suddenly what had been seen as a shambles worked.
When the lakes were drained, the Köge lowlands were created. These and other free lands were divided in 1704. The settlement of the lowlands increased, the villages grew larger. This also increased the number of service providers who had their own interest in securing and maintaining the cultivated areas that were obtained.
Federal waterway
The concern is from km 0.00 at the sand lock to km 5.92 at the confluence with the Eider, a so-called other inland waterway of the federal government in the area of responsibility of the Tönning Waterways and Shipping Office . The confluence with the Eider is at 36.79 km.
literature
- Gerd Quedenbaum: Sorge and Treene, tributaries of the Eider. Eider-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1984, ISBN 3-921908-09-4 .
- Gerd Quedenbaum: flood. The Eider Association. A contribution to the history of the dike and drainage system in the central Eider region. Eider-Verlag, Düsseldorf 2000, ISBN 3-921908-08-6 .
Individual evidence
- ^ German Hydrological Yearbook Coastal Area of the North Sea 2013. (PDF) State Office for Agriculture, Environment and Rural Areas Schleswig-Holstein, 2014, p. 117 , accessed on July 26, 2015 (German, 5.22 MB).
- ↑ WebatlasDE
- ↑ State Office for Agriculture, Environment and Rural Areas: Department 42 - Hydrology / Geographical Information Systems ( Memento of the original from November 3, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Quedenbaum: Sorge and Treene , pp. 45–68.
- ↑ Quedenbaum: Sorge and Treene , pp. 36–38.
- ↑ Quedenbaum: Vorflut , pp. 24–31.
- ↑ Lengths (in km) of the main shipping lanes (main routes and certain secondary routes) of the federal inland waterways ( memento of the original from January 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration
- ↑ Directory F of the Chronicle ( Memento of the original from July 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , Federal Waterways and Shipping Administration
