Spree Island
1 Altkölln (Spree island ) with 1a Museum Island , 1b Fischerinsel
2 Old Berlin with 2a Nikolaiviertel
3 Friedrichswerder
4 Neucölln am Wasser
5 Dorotheenstadt
6 Friedrichstadt
7 Luisenstadt
8 Stralauer Vorstadt (with Königsstadt )
9 Alexanderplatz area (Königsstadt and Old Berlin )
10 Spandauer Vorstadt with 10a Scheunenviertel
11 Friedrich-Wilhelm-Stadt
12 Oranienburger Vorstadt
13 Rosenthaler Vorstadt
The Spree island between the Spree and the Spree Canal in Berlin 's Mitte district consists of three sections. In the middle of the Spree island was the Berlin City Palace , the partial reconstruction of which is to be completed in 2020 as the seat of the Humboldt Forum , and in the GDR times the Marx-Engels-Platz with the Palace of the Republic . The southern part of the island is fishing island called the North Museum Island .
The northern tip of the island was still a swampy floodplain in the Middle Ages and was later used for gardens and as a pleasure garden . Various museum buildings were built here from the 19th century. This part of the island is now known as Museum Island . The museum island belongs since 1999 to the World Heritage of UNESCO .
In the middle of the island there was initially a castle from the Middle Ages, later the Berlin City Palace . It served as a residence for the Brandenburg electors and Prussian kings, who were also German emperors from 1871 onwards . After severe damage during the Second World War , the city palace was blown up in 1950. At this point the Marx-Engels-Platz was laid out, which was expanded to become the state forum of the GDR. It was surrounded by high-ranking state institutions: the State Council building built in 1964 in the south, the Palace of the Republic opened in 1976 with the seat of the People's Chamber in the east and the GDR Foreign Ministry in the west, which itself was no longer on the Spree island, but beyond the Spree Canal. Of these buildings, only the State Council building still exists today. The square is now called Schloßplatz again. The Berlin Cathedral near the palace survived the severe damage of the Second World War and was renovated until 2002.
In the south of the Spree island was the city of Cölln , until 1709 the sister city of old Berlin , which was north of the Spree. The southern part of the island south of Gertraudenstrasse is known today as Fischerinsel, named after the former fishing district in the extreme south of the island. Today the Fischerinsel is built up with point high-rise buildings in a loose construction, a modern residential development in prefabricated construction , embedded in green areas.
After the destruction of the Second World War, only a few historical monuments remain between Fischerinsel and Schlossplatz, such as the Nicolaihaus , which is now used as a museum , the Galgenhaus , the Jungfernbrücke , the New Marstall , which now houses the storage rooms of the Berlin City Library , and the outer shell of one Part of the largest department store in Berlin at the time, Rudolph Hertzog .
After German reunification, the Berlin Spree island became one of the most controversial areas of German monument preservation , as it was here that the most important building stock from two ideological systems of the history of German division overlapped .
literature
- Michael S. Falser: Quarry, Mythenraum, History Workshop - The Berlin Spree Island and its surroundings after German reunification . In: Between Identity and Authenticity. On the political history of monument preservation in Germany . Thelem Verlag, Dresden 2008 (380 pages, ISBN 978-3-939-888-41-3 ), pp. 165-295
Web links
Coordinates: 52 ° 30 ′ 58 ″ N , 13 ° 24 ′ 8 ″ E