Suttonella ornithocola

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Suttonella ornithocola
Systematics
Domain : Bacteria (bacteria)
Class : Gammaproteobacteria
Order : Cardiobacteriales
Family : Cardiobacteriaceae
Genre : Suttonella
Type : Suttonella ornithocola
Scientific name
Suttonella ornithocola
Foster et al., 2005

Suttonella ornithocola is a gram-negative , aerobic rod-shaped bacteria from the family of cardiobacteriaceae . It is the cause of bacterial pneumonia in various songbirds and has been identified as the cause of the massive deaths of blue tits in Central Europe.

features

In Suttonella ornithocola is a gram-negative , aerobic rod-shaped bacterium. The cells are immobile, not encapsulated and not spore forming. The colonies formed on blood agar are uniformly round, slightly convex, opaque and slightly shimmering gray.

The bacteria were cultured on Columbia blood agar with sheep blood in an aerobic atmosphere with an addition of 5% carbon dioxide. The hemolytic bacteria formed colonies about 2 to 3 millimeters in diameter on the substrate within 48 hours. In addition, it could be shown that they develop at different temperatures (25 ° C, 37 ° C, 42 ° C) as well as under aerobic and anaerobic conditions on different substrates.

The oxidase test and the catalase test are positive. Indole is not produced. The test for the enzyme urease and for the production of hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is also negative.

pathology

Suttonella ornithocola has been identified as causing pneumonia in tits and causing several mass deaths among birds.

Suttonella ornithocola was found and identified after numerous songbirds, especially male blue tits, died from a previously unknown infection in the winter of 1995 to spring 1996. Since they were the only significantly detectable bacteria, they were identified as the cause of the disease. They are therefore the cause of pneumonia ; by histological findings they were to be found mainly in foci of acute pulmonary necrosis . These studies have also shown that Suttonella ornithocola infection is endemic in British bird populations , with a seasonal peak in early spring. In 2017 it was proven that the bacteria are a common species among titmice in Great Britain.

In April 2020, the bacterium was also identified as a potential cause of the massive deaths of blue tits in Central Europe.

Taxonomy

The bacterium Suttonella ornithocola was from the lung tissue of various dead chickadees , including blue tits ( Parus caeruleus ), great tits ( Parus major ) and tailed Tits ( Aegthalos candatus ), isolated and due to morphological, molecular and biochemical features in 2005 as an independent type of cardiobacteriaceae within the Proteobacteria identified. The bacterium Suttonella indologenes , which was also found in birds, was identified as the closest related species , with the new species differing from this by about 5% within the gene sequences examined. The strain B6 / 99 / 2T (= CCUG 49457T = NCTC 13337T) was given as the type for the new species.

The genus Suttonella was already described in 1990 together with the Cardiobacteriaceae as well as the genus Dichelobacter , which is also included in this family . Species were classified into these genera that had previously been classified as Bacteroides nodosus and Kingella indologenes in other bacterial genera .

supporting documents

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Geoffrey Foster, Henry Malnick, Paul A. Lawson, James Kirkwood, Shaheed K. MacGregor, Matthew D. Collins: Suttonella ornithocola sp. nov., from birds of the tit families, and emended description of the genus Suttonella. In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology , Volume 55, No. 6, 2005; Pp. 2269-2272. DOI: 10.1099 / ijs.0.63681-0 .
  2. ↑ a b J. K. Kirkwood, SK Macgregor, H. Malnick, G. Foster: Unusual mortality incidents in tit species (family Paridae) associated with the novel bacterium Suttonella ornithocola. Veterinary Record 158, 2006; Pp. 203-205.
  3. ↑ a b Becki Lawson, Henry Malnick, Tom W. Pennycott, Shaheed K. Macgregor, Shinto K. John, Gwen Duncan, Laura A. Hughes, Julian Chantrey, Andrew A. Cunninghama: Acute necrotising pneumonitis associated with Suttonella ornithocola infection in tits (Paridae). The Veterinary Journal 188 (1) April 2011; Pp. 96-100. doi : 10.1016 / j.tvjl.2010.03.010
  4. ↑ Gabriela Peniche, Julia Rodriguez-Ramos Fernandez, Chris Durrant, Shinto K. John, Shaheed K. Macgregor, Andrew A. Cunningham, Becki Lawson: Nested PCR for Suttonella ornithocola reveals widespread infection in British Paridae species. In: European Journal of Wildlife Research , Volume 63, May 2017; 50. DOI: 10.1007 / s10344-017-1105-6 .
  5. ↑ Jan Dönges: The pathogen that causes tit deaths is identified. Spektrum.de, April 20, 2020; accessed on April 23, 2020.