Teresa Claramunt

Teresa Claramunt (1910)

Teresa Claramunt Creus (born June 4, 1862 in Sabadell , † April 11, 1931 in Barcelona ) was a Spanish feminist , anarchist and syndicalist .

Life

Claramunt worked as a worker in the textile industry. In Sabadell, she founded an anarchist affinity group that was influenced by the ideas of Fernando Tarrida del Mármol . With this she took part in a seven-week strike in 1883, the aim of which was to introduce the eight-hour day .

In October 1884 Claramunt was one of the founders of the general section of the anarcho-collectivist workers of Sabadell. In 1892 she was one of the founders of Spain's first feminist organization, the Sociedad Autónoma de Mujeres de Barcelona .

In 1893 Claramunt was arrested along with many well-known anarchists after several bombs exploded in the Gran Teatre del Liceu . After a bomb attack on the Corpus Christi procession in Barcelona in June 1896, which gave rise to a wave of repression against the anarchist movement, she was arrested again and severely ill-treated. Since then, she has suffered from health problems. Although she was not convicted of any offense, she was banished until 1898. During this time she lived in France and England, where she worked as a weaver.

Claramunt published texts in numerous anarchist magazines (including La Revista Blanca ). In 1901 she was one of the founders of the anarchist weekly newspaper El Productor . In 1903 she published La mujer. Consideraciones sobre su estado ante las prerrogativas del hombre (The woman. Reflections on her status with regard to the privileges of men.). Here she called for an equalization of wages between men and women and blamed a lack of education for the social position of women. She advocated women's self-liberation. From 1907 to 1908 she headed the anarchist weekly newspaper El Rebelde .

As a result of the events of the tragic week in Barcelona, ​​she was arrested again in August 1909 and then exiled to Saragossa . There she campaigned for the local trade unions to join the Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT), which took place in 1911. In the same year she was arrested again after a general strike. This time she was imprisoned for four years, during which time her health deteriorated.

In 1924 she returned to Barcelona. Due to a progressive paralysis, she could no longer take part in political activities. Teresa Claramunt died on April 11, 1931.

literature

• Miguel Ìñiguez: Esbozo de una Enciclopedia histórica del anarquismo español . FAL, Madrid 2001, p. 147. ISBN 84-86864-45-3 .
• Lola Iturbe : La mujer en la lucha social y en la Guerra Civil de España (1974), most recently Tierra de Fuego - La Malatesta 2012, pp. 64–70, ISBN 9788493830632 .