Tscharnke, who went cross-country skiing for the first time at the age of two, made his first start at an FIS race in December 2005 in Oberwiesenthal . There the athlete, who started for SV Biberau, finished 75th out of 87 starters in the pursuit competition. One month later he also achieved his first top ten placement in an FIS race with sixth place over 10 kilometers freestyle. At the German championships in 2006 he achieved seventh place over 10 kilometers in classic style with Tobias Angerer's victory . In the following season he competed for the first time in the cross-country Alpine Cup . In Hochfilzen he achieved his best position of the season in this competition series with 13th place over 15 kilometers. In February 2007 he won the 10 km freestyle at the European Youth Olympic Winter Festival in Jaca . At the Junior World Championships 2007 in Tarvisio , he started in the pursuit competition and finished 24th. A year later, despite illness in advance, he won his first medal at the 2008 Junior World Championships in Mals, Italy, in a classic 10-kilometer competition behind Hans Christer Holund and Alex Harvey . In the relay competition he only had to admit defeat to the Russian final runner in the final sprint and secured the silver medal for the German team. Over the 20 kilometers of freestyle, which were held in the mass start, he finished eighth in the victory of his training colleague Philipp Marschall . After the successful Junior World Championship, Tscharnke also achieved their first successes in the Alpine Cup. In Capracotta he took sixth place in the classic 10 km and celebrated in Pokljuka with the classic third place his first podium in the most important cross-country skiing competition series after the World Cup .
From 2008 Tscharnke trained together with Axel Teichmann and Jens Filbrich in the Oberhof training group of Cuno Schreyl . After he had the best results of the German team in the performance tests and good results in the Alpine Cup before the start of the 2008/09 season, he was nominated for the first two competitions of the Tour de Ski 2008/09 . At the prologue in Oberhof over 3.5 kilometers of freestyle he came in a remarkable 35th place out of 66 starters. In the following classic chase competition over 15 kilometers, however, he lost another five places. The Junior World Championship 2009 in Le Praz-de-Lys-Sommand began for Tscharnke with a sixth place in the sprint competition, which was held in the classic technique. In the mass start competition, he just missed a medal in the sprint of a four-man leading group. And even over the 10 kilometer freestyle, the fourfold success of the Russian athletes only achieved a seventh place. In the relay competition, however, he was able to secure the silver medal for himself and the German team behind the outstanding Russian team. In February Tscharnke was called up again for the World Cup line-up and finished 54th in Valdidentro over 15 kilometers of freestyle. At the German championships in Hinterzarten he was fifth over the 20 kilometers classic (mass start).
Tscharnke began his training to become a customs officer in the summer of 2009 and was then part of the customs ski team . After Tscharnke was able to show good results in the performance test in summer / autumn, as in the previous year, national coach Jochen Behle nominated him for the start of the 2009/10 cross-country skiing world cup in Beitostølen after Franz Göring's loss due to injury . With 21st place over the 15 kilometer freestyle, Tscharnke not only secured his first World Cup points, but also achieved the best result of the entire German team. In Rogla , Slovenia , he qualified for the quarter-finals of the sprint competition , as he did in Davos . With the 22nd place he achieved his best career result in a World Cup sprint. He was also able to convince in the sprint competitions of the Tour de Ski 2009/10 with places 23 and 10. In Rybinsk, Russia , in the absence of many top athletes, he achieved his first podium finish in the team sprint together with Josef Wenzl with third place. At the 2010 Olympic Games in Vancouver , Tscharnke won the silver medal in the team sprint together with Axel Teichmann . On April 30, 2010 he was awarded the Silver Laurel Leaf for his achievements by Federal President Horst Köhler . At the end of the season he finished 59th in the overall World Cup ranking and 34th in the sprint ranking.
At the start of the 2010/11 season in Gällivare , he achieved eleventh place over 15 kilometers of freestyle. At the Nordic World Ski Championships in Oslo in 2011 , he came 34th in the 50 km mass start race, 29th in the sprint and fourth in the team sprint. In the 2012/13 season Tscharnke achieved his first victory in a World Cup race on his 23rd birthday in Canmore (Canada). Tscharnke took advantage of the absence of some of the world's top runners to win first place in the 15 km mass start race in the classic style. His best results at the Nordic World Ski Championships in 2013 in Val di Fiemme were 14th place over 15 km freestyle and seventh place with the relay. At the 2014 Olympic Games in Sochi , he and Hannes Dotzler missed a safe medal in the team sprint due to a fall shortly before the finish line. On January 10, 2015, Tscharnke won the World Cup for the second time as part of the Tour de Ski in Val di Fiemme , again in a 15 km mass start race in the classic style. He finished the Tour de Ski in 20th place. At the Nordic World Ski Championships 2015 in Falun , he finished 28th in the sprint, seventh in the relay and fourth in the team sprint.
On June 29, 2017 Tscharnke announced on his Facebook page that he had ended his career for health reasons. Impairments to the back and feet no longer allowed a training program that is necessary for top placements.
Germany
Canmore
Val di Fiemme