Token poo Marzahn

Token poo Marzahn IUCN Category IV - Habitat / Species Management Area
location	Berlin-Marzahn , Germany
surface	3.3 ha
Identifier	NSG-34
WDPA ID	319238
Geographical location	52 ° 33 '  N , 13 ° 33'  E Coordinates: 52 ° 33 '5 "  N , 13 ° 32' 31"  E
Setup date	October 25, 2001

The Unkenpfuhle Marzahn is a 3.3 hectare nature reserve around three bodies of water in the Marzahn district of Berlin in the Marzahn-Hellersdorf district . Rare endangered and threatened animal species and rare endangered plant species are protected there. It is located north of the Parkfriedhof Marzahn , surrounded by an industrial park . The Hönower Weg hiking trail leads along the nature reserve .

Protected position

The Unkenpfuhle Marzahn was declared a nature reserve by ordinance of October 25, 2001 with effect from February 10, 2002 . The full name of the area is "Naturschutzgebiet Unkenpfuhle Marzahn" and the size is approx. 3.3 ha. The protection purpose according to the ordinance is the permanent preservation of the area as a habitat and breeding ground for rare and endangered animal species, especially for the threatened fire- bellied toad and the endangered species green toad and common toad . In addition, the rare and endangered plant communities of dry grass , ruderal semi-dry grass and carrot-sweet clover societies, which are typical of the location and biotope , are to be preserved.

history

The area around the Unkenpfuhl waters is a basement moraine plate that was deposited during the Vistula Ice Age and mainly consists of marl boulder . Loamy sand and loam prevail on poorly permeable loam and marl . In 1996, a water-impermeable loam-clay layer was found in the area of ​​the body of water between 0.4 meters and 0.8 meters deep. In addition, there is a sealing substrate at least in places. The body of water is only fed by stratified water near the surface and precipitation.

The new Marzahn housing estate was built in the 1980s. Where the nature reserve is now, there was a construction site at that time. In 1985 the Unkenpfuhle I and II were created using excavation pits. The Unkenpfuhlgraben was created north of the Marzahn Park Cemetery in the 1990s, but it does not feed the Unkenpfuhlen any or only insignificant water.

Waters

Unkenpfuhl I

The Unkenpfuhl I is 65 m² and was created by a remnant of the former Marzahner Grenzgraben. It is surrounded by tall grass, has a small embankment about 1.50 meters high and tapers to the east. There are many aquatic plants in the water and rushes and reeds on the edge of the water . Due to the year-round water flow, the membrane sealing was carried out in 1992 in the southern water area.

Unkenpfuhl II

The Unkenpfuhl II is 250 m² and has an adjoining elongated shallow water zone of 300 m². Trees and reed structures around the water are the result of natural succession. Various care interventions have been carried out to protect animals and plants. The broad-leaved cattail was removed to prevent siltation .

Unkenpfuhl III

Unkenpfuhl III

In the mid-1990s, the Marzahn Nature and Environment Agency created a third, 300 m² large Unkenpfuhl III to stabilize and promote the amphibian population residing in the area. With the shallow excavation with bottom sealing, an additional valuable wet biotope structure was created. Water is constantly supplied to this body of water and there are some large natural stones all around .

Flora and fauna

This nature reserve is of particular importance because it serves as a spawning area for endangered amphibian populations. It provides a habitat for toad , spadefoot , moor frog , newt , sand lizard , grass snake , pond frog , 34 species of butterflies. Refuge for amphibians have been created scattered throughout the area, which also serve as winter quarters and retreats.

Common horn leaf , water knotweed and spawning herbs grow in the waters . Between the Unkenpfuhlen, small reed and rush flood turfs have settled in a temporary depression. At Unkenpfuhl II there are reeds and cattail reeds , on the western edge and outside the nature reserve the land reed grows. 220 fern and flowering plants could be detected on small areas . Very often one finds semi-arid grass in the immediate vicinity of the water, on which the wild carrot and white sweet clover grow. In order not to affect the animals and plants, the entire area was fenced in and is not accessible.

The name of the area probably goes back to the amphibian species of fire-bellied toad , which was a major reason for protection, but has since become extinct there. In 1996, before the designation of the protected area, the species was found there sporadically, with a few individuals. The species was recorded as occurring in the protected area ordinance, but has since become extinct in the area.

Protection purpose and care

The area is protected as a habitat and breeding site on the grounds that it is home to rare, endangered and endangered animal species. In addition, rare, endangered plant species grow there in the nature reserve, which is typical of the location and biotope. In order to maintain it in the long term, measures to stabilize the water levels at Unkenpfuhlen I and II were carried out, remains of the construction site were cleared, shafts filled and fences removed. In addition, part of the large external fencing has been renewed and clearing and mowing work has been carried out. The area is looked after on a voluntary basis.

literature

• Roswitha Babig, André Osbahr: Waters in Marzahn-Hellersdorf . 1st edition. District Office Marzahn-Hellersdorf of Berlin, Berlin 2006, p. 33 .
• Roland Lehmann: Of course Berlin !: Nature conservation and NATURA 2000 areas in Berlin . 2nd Edition. Verl. Natur und Text, Rangsdorf 2009, ISBN 978-3-9810058-9-9 , p. 84-85 .

Web links

Commons : Unkenpfuhle Marzahn  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b} Ordinance on the Unkenpfuhle Marzahn nature reserve in the Marzahn-Hellersdorf district of Berlin , PDF ; 157 kB
2. ↑ Klaus-Detlev Kühnel (1996): Decline in the red-bellied toad population in Berlin and the main features of a protection concept. Rana, Mitteilungen für Feldherpetologie und Ichthyogfaunistik, special issue 1 (The fire-bellied toad, ecology and population situation): 104-116. download
3. ↑ K.-D. Kühnel, J. Scharon, B. Kitzmann, B. Schonert (2017): Red list and total species list of amphibians (Amphibia) from Berlin. In: The State Commissioner for Nature Conservation and Landscape Management / Senate Department for Environment, Transport and Climate Protection (editor): Red Lists of Endangered Plants, Fungi and Animals of Berlin, 23 pp. Doi: 10.14279 / depositonce-5847