Treaty of Wanghia
The Treaty of Wanghia ( Chinese [中美] 望 廈 條約 / [中美] 望 厦 条约 , Pinyin [Zhōng-Měi] Wàngxià tiáoyuē - "[Chinese-American] Treaty of Wàngxià ") belongs to the series of the 19th century . In the 19th century , so-called Unequal Treaties were concluded between Qing China and the foreign powers . It was signed on July 3, 1844 in the eponymous village near Macao by the plenipotentiary of the United States of America , Caleb Cushing , and the governor-general of Guangxi and Guangdong , Qiying .
In terms of content, it is largely based on the previous Nanking Treaty between England and China from 1842 and also removes the previously common trade restrictions in relation to the USA. However, the Wanghia contract is much longer and more detailed than its model and contains a number of additional concessions.
In Article 17, for example, the Americans were granted the right to purchase land in the five treaty ports for the construction of churches, hospitals and cemeteries, which was intended to take account of the interests of Christian missionaries in particular . Article 18 removed the traditional ban on foreigners from learning the Chinese language . Article 21 - analogous to the Sino- British Treaty of Humen - exempted American citizens from Chinese jurisdiction.
In the Wanghia Treaty, however, the United States made further concessions to the Chinese than the British had done: In Article 33, the trade in opium was expressly prohibited. Infringing Americans should be extradited to the Chinese authorities.
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See also
literature
- Jonathan D. Spence : China's way into the modern age (= dtv 30795). Updated and expanded edition. Deutscher Taschenbuch-Verlag, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-423-30795-1 .