Vierfleck-Zartspider

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Vierfleck-Zartspider
Four-spot spider (Anyphaena accentuata), young male

Four-spot spider ( Anyphaena accentuata ), young male

Systematics
Order : Spiders (Araneae)
Subordination : Real spiders (Araneomorphae)
Partial order : Entelegynae
Family : Tender spiders (Anyphaenidae)
Genre : Anyphaena
Type : Vierfleck-Zartspider
Scientific name
Anyphaena accentuata
( Walckenaer , 1802)

The four-spot tender spider ( Anyphaena accentuata ) is a species of spider from the family of tender spiders . It is widespread and common in Central Europe. The generic name is derived from the Greek word ἀν-υφαίνω (an-yphaino, weave). The specific epithet comes from the Middle Latin accentuare (to emphasize).

description

The four-spot tender spider is unmistakably characterized by the distinctive four small black triangles on the abdomen ( opisthosoma ). In appearance, it resembles the sac spiders , from which it differs, however, in the position of the tracheal opening (stigma) in the middle of the abdomen of the back of the body. In the sac spiders, the tracheal opening lies directly in front of the spinnerets. The females are 5–9 mm in length, while the males only reach 4–7 mm. They are yellow to dark brown in color, the front body ( prosoma ) has black jagged side bands with light spots. The legs are yellow-brown and black-spotted and have short, yellowish hairs. The males are drawn a little stronger. The Vierfleck-Zartspider has 8 eyes, 6 of which are arranged in an arc on the front. The tarsi have two claws and adhesive hair . The terminal link of the posterior spinnerets is clearly conical.

distribution and habitat

The four-spot tender spider is widespread from Europe to Central Asia.

The species lives on deciduous trees, shrubs and bushes and loves moisture. During the day she retreats into her apartment tube spun with leaves. She goes hunting at night and is not infrequently found in houses and apartments.

Way of life

Vierfleck-Zartspider in its web on a leaf underside

The species overwinters under the bark of trees in its last juvenile stage. Adult animals can be found from May to July. The tender spider spends the day in a tube that is open on both sides and spun from rolled leaves. Small insects ( two-winged bugs , aphids ) are hunted at night . The prey is carried around in the chelicerae until it is completely sucked out, which takes about 15-20 minutes for an aphid.

The tender spider has an unusual mating behavior: in foreplay, the male drums rhythmically with the buttons and the first pair of forelegs on the living tube of the female to put it in the mood. At the same time, his abdomen vibrates and makes a sound. Pairing can take several hours. The eggs are then laid in the rolled up leaf.

In the abdomen, the larva of the two-winged Ogcodes varius is a parasite .

Systematics

The subspecies A. accentuata obscura (location: Venusberg near Bonn) described in the older literature is, according to the more recent opinion, only a color variant.

literature

  • Heiko Bellmann : Cosmos Atlas Arachnids of Europe. = Arachnids of Europe. 3rd edition, special edition. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-440-10746-9 .
  • Paul Brohmer : Fauna of Germany. Quelle & Meyer Verlag, Heidelberg 1969.

Web links

Commons : Vierfleck-Zartspinne ( Anyphaena accentuata )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Anyphaena accentuata in the World Spider Catalog

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Map of the worldwide distribution of the four-spot tender spider from the British Arachnological Society
  2. ↑ a b c R. Braun: The sexual behavior of the crab spider Diaea dorsata (F.) and the tender spider Anyphaena accentuata (Walck.) As an indication of their systematic integration. Zool. Number 160, 1958: pp. 119-134.
  3. ^ FW Bösenberg : The spiders of Germany. (1901–1903) in: “Zoologica”, Stuttgart, ISSN  0044-5088