Weißenhofsiedlung

Aerial photo 2004

The Weißenhofsiedlung in Stuttgart , also known as Werkbundsiedlung , was built in 1927 by the German Werkbund under the direction of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe by leading representatives of the New Building , partly using experimental materials.

The Weißenhofsiedlung, the Bauhaus , the New Frankfurt , the white townhouses in Paris by Le Corbusier and the De Stijl movement in the Netherlands were among the most influential models of emerging modern architecture . In 1928 the association CIAM (Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne) was founded, which promoted and supported this building method and developed the theoretical basis for contemporary architecture and urban planning of our time.

The name Weißenhof goes back to the baker Georg Philipp Weiß , who set up a farm (dairy) on the fallow land in 1779. The settlement and the Stuttgart district Weißenhof are named after him.

history

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe , multi-storey building

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, multi-storey building

Le Corbusier & P. Jeanneret , semi-detached house

Mart Stam , terraced house

Planning and implementation

The settlement was part of the “Die Wohnung” exhibition initiated by the Deutscher Werkbund in 1927 , which took place at various locations in Stuttgart (residential buildings on the Weißenhof site, indoor exhibition with company stands in the commercial hall and its extensions near the city garden, international plan and model exhibition for new architecture in the municipal exhibition halls on the interim theater square near the New Palace). It is considered to be one of the most important architectural settlements of modern times. In the short construction period of only 21 weeks, 21 houses with a total of 63 apartments were built. This is not a mature settlement, but rather the result of the exhibition “The Apartment”. Ferdinand Kramer was responsible for the interior design of the model apartments , who also used furniture he designed himself.

The Stuttgart painter and graphic artist Willi Baumeister was involved in the exhibition as a typographer and commercial artist . His extensive commissioned work included the design of the Werkbund memorandum, the official catalog, the main poster “How live?” And the hall signs.

1933 to 1945

During the time of National Socialism , the settlement was called an “Arab village” because of the white roof terraces and was supposed to be demolished. For this purpose, the settlement has already been sold to the German Empire . The demolition was probably no longer due to the outbreak of war, which is why the settlement is still owned by the federal government (the city of Stuttgart intends to buy it with effect from the beginning of 2019). As a counter-design, representatives of the Stuttgart school built the Kochhofsiedlung within sight of the Weißenhof . With the Ziegelklinge settlement (1927–1928), the island settlement (1929–1930) and the Wallmersiedlung (1929–1931), three more Bauhaus settlements were created in Stuttgart.

During the Second World War , a flak position was built below the Weißenhofsiedlung ; it was therefore the target of the air raids on Stuttgart . Parts of the settlement were destroyed.

After 1945

After the war were demolished some undamaged or only slightly damaged buildings, others by saddle roof structures were abstracted. In 1958 the settlement was placed under monument protection. In the 1980s, the remaining buildings were renovated. The proposal of the State Academy of Fine Arts Stuttgart to use the neighboring building ensemble, which was for sale at the beginning of the 1980s, at least parts of it as classrooms, studios, library and administration rooms and to make the campus a place of international encounter make, but the state of Baden-Württemberg - with the approval of the city of Stuttgart - refused. The processes surrounding the private letting of the Corbusier houses in particular led to protests by the art academy in 1983, and the press even spoke of a “Weißenhof scandal”. As early as December 1980, Lord Mayor Manfred Rommel told the Minister for Science and Art, Helmut Engler : "To accommodate the academy in the Weißenhofsiedlung would certainly contribute to an urban and cultural enrichment of our city" . The project proposal "Additions to the 'Weissenhof-Siedlung' in Stuttgart" by the Swiss architect and former Le Corbusier employee Alfred Roth from 1981 fully complied with the academy initiative.

In 2002 the city acquired the semi-detached house of Le Corbusier and Pierre Jeanneret from the federal government . On October 25, 2006, after three years of restoration true to the original, the Weissenhof Museum was opened in the building with historical documents and architectural models. In July 2016 it was added to the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites together with the Citröhan House as one of a total of 17 sub-sites under the name The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier - an outstanding contribution to the “Modern Movement” .

The Stuttgarter Wohnungs- und Städtebaugesellschaft mbH (SWSG) took over the Weißenhofsiedlung and the civil servants' housing estate from the Federal Agency for Real Estate Tasks (BImA) in January 2019. As early as 2004, the city of Stuttgart and the federal government had agreed to enter into negotiations to find a solution appropriate to the historical and current importance of the Weißenhofsiedlung. 37 buildings with 87 apartments are now in the hands of the city. Both sides have agreed not to disclose the purchase price.

Involved architects

Peter Behrens Victor Bourgeois Le Corbusier (Charles Edouard Jeanneret-Gris) and Pierre Jeanneret Richard Döcker Josef Frank Walter Gropius Ludwig Hilberseimer Ferdinand Kramer Jacobus Johannes Pieter Oud

Hans Poelzig Adolf Rading Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Hans Scharoun Adolf Gustav Schneck Mart Stam Bruno Taut Max Taut

List of buildings

Plan of the Weißenhofsiedlung. Dark blue buildings still exist, hatched ones have been destroyed.

No.	architect	Building type	address	Status	image
31-32	Peter Behrens	Terrace house	At Weißenhof 30–32, Hölzelweg 5
10	Victor Bourgeois	detached house	Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse 118
13	Le Corbusier with Pierre Jeanneret	House Citrohan	Bruckmannweg 2	UNESCO world heritage
14-15	Le Corbusier with Pierre Jeanneret	Semi-detached house ( Weissenhof Museum )	Rathenaustraße 1–3	UNESCO world heritage
21st	Richard Döcker	detached house	Bruckmannweg 10	destroyed	Link to the picture (lower picture)
22nd	Richard Döcker	detached house	Rathenaustraße 9	destroyed	Link to the picture ( Memento from March 12, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
26-27	Josef Frank	Duplex house	Rathenaustraße 13–15
17th	Walter Gropius	detached house	Bruckmannweg 6	destroyed	Link to the picture ( Memento from March 11, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
16	Walter Gropius	detached house	Bruckmannweg 4	destroyed	Link to the picture ( Memento from March 11, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
18th	Ludwig Hilberseimer	detached house	Rathenaustraße 5	destroyed	Link to the picture ( Memento from March 11, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
1-4	Ludwig Mies van der Rohe	Block of flats	At Weissenhof 14-20
5-9	JJP Oud	Townhouses	Pankokweg 5-9
20th	Hans Poelzig	detached house	Rathenaustraße 7	destroyed	Link to the picture
25th	Adolf Rading	detached house	At the Weißenhof 22	destroyed	Link to the picture
33	Hans Scharoun	detached house	Hölzelweg 1
11	Adolf Gustav Schneck	detached house	Friedrich-Ebert-Strasse 114
12	Adolf Gustav Schneck	detached house	Bruckmannweg 1
28-30	Mart Stam	Townhouses	At Weissenhof 24–28
19th	Bruno Taut	detached house	Bruckmannweg 8	destroyed	Link to the picture (top picture)
23	Max Taut	detached house	Bruckmannweg 12	destroyed
24	Max Taut	detached house	Rathenaustraße 11	destroyed	Link to the picture (lower picture)

literature

• August Gebeßler : Preservation of monuments and modernity in the Weißenhofsiedlung. In: Preservation of monuments in Baden-Württemberg , 37th year 2008, issue 1, p. 3 f. ( PDF ).
• Valerie Hammerbacher, Anja Krämer: The Weissenhofsiedlung - A built manifesto of modernity. Verlag Kunst und Reise, Bad Homburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-940825-05-6 , audio / audio book, audio CD.
• Valerie Hammerbacher, Dorothee Keuerleber: Weissenhofsiedlung Stuttgart. Books on Demand, Norderstedt 2002, ISBN 3-8311-4205-X . ( Table of contents , PDF file, 1 p.)
• Jürgen Joedicke : Weissenhofsiedlung Stuttgart. German English. Krämer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-7828-0468-6 .
• Wolfgang Kermer : Willi Baumeister and the Werkbund exhibition "The Apartment" Stuttgart 1927. State Academy of Fine Arts Stuttgart, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-931485-55-2 . (Wolfgang Kermer (Ed.): Contributions to the history of the State Academy of Fine Arts Stuttgart ; 11)
• Karin Kirsch: The Weißenhofsiedlung. Illustrated book. DVA, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-421-02881-8 .
• Karin Kirsch: Weißenhofsiedlung. Little guide. A monument to modern architecture. DVA, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-421-03543-1 .
• Stefanie Plarre: The Kochhofsiedlung. The counter model to the Weißenhofsiedlung. Paul Schmitthenner's settlement project in Stuttgart 1927 to 1933. Publications of the Stuttgart City Archives, Hohenheim 2001, ISBN 3-89850-972-9 .
• Richard Pommer, Christian F. Otto: Weißenhof 1927 and the Modern Movement in Architecture. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois 1991, ISBN 0-226-67515-7 .
• Manfred Ulmer, Jörg Kurz: The Weißenhofsiedlung. History and present. Hampp, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 3-936682-05-4 .
• The Weißenhofsiedlung. Letters and Minutes. DVA, Munich 1997, ISBN 3-421-03128-2 .
• E. (Erich) Blunck : The apartment. Werkbund exhibition in Stuttgart 1927. Consideration of their artistic results. In: Deutsche Bauzeitung No. 59, volume 61, pages 489 ff., Berlin 1927 (July 23). Digitized: Silesian Technical University (Gleiwitz). [1] , accessed October 3, 2019
• Heinz Wetzel: The Werkbund settlement on the Weißenhof near Stuttgart. In: Deutsche Bauzeitung No. 76, volume 61, pages 625 ff., Berlin 1927 (September 21). Digitized: Silesian Technical University (Gleiwitz). [2] , accessed October 3, 2019.
• Gustav Langen: "New Building". Thoughts on the Werkbund exhibition "The Apartment", Stuttgart, at the time of the conference for economic building. In: Deutsche Bauzeitung, nos. 88 and 89, 61st year, pages 721 ff. And 734 ff., Berlin 1927 (November 2nd and 5th), digital copies: Silesian Technical University (Gleiwitz). [3] and [4] , accessed October 3, 2019

Exhibitions

• The Weissenhofsiedlung in Stuttgart - a built manifesto of modernity - permanent exhibition created in 1992 in the Villa Tugendhat (German, Czech, English), supplemented in 2012 for the presentation in Wroclaw by the Stuttgart Office for Urban Planning and Urban Renewal

Web links

Commons : Weißenhofsiedlung  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Search for Weißenhofsiedlung in the German Digital Library
• Search for Weißenhofsiedlung Stuttgart in the SPK digital portal of the Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation
• The Weißenhofsiedlung Stuttgart , Hochschule der Medien Stuttgart , Verein der Freunde der Weißenhofsiedlung e. V.
• Bodo Rasch: "How the Weißenhofsiedlung came about"
• Series of articles and file gallery ( memento of September 29, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) from SWR , October 2006
• architecture gallery at the Weißenhof
• Weissenhof Museum in the Le Corbusier house
• Friends of the Weißenhofsiedlung , history of the Weißenhofsiedlung
• The Weißenhofsiedlung on Classic Modern Baden-Württemberg
• Inken Gaukel: Weißenhofsiedlung, published on April 19, 2018 in: Stadtarchiv Stuttgart: Stadtlexikon Stuttgart.
• The Fostinum: Photos from the Weissenhofsiedlung

Individual evidence

1. ↑ The human dwelling (= Schloemann calendar , vol. 16). Schloemann, Düsseldorf 1953, p. 168.
2. ↑ Wolfgang Kermer : Willi Baumeister and the Werkbund exhibition "The Apartment" Stuttgart 1927 . State Academy of Fine Arts Stuttgart, 2003 (= contributions to the history of the State Academy of Fine Arts Stuttgart , edited by Wolfgang Kermer; 11), ISBN 3-931485-55-2 .
3. ↑ https://www.stuttgart.de/item/show/273273/1/9/660343 ?
4. ↑ Weißenhofsiedlung in Stuttgart Houses to get excited about . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung . ISSN  0174-4909 ( faz.net [accessed March 11, 2016]).
5. ^ Karl Diemer: Does nepotism have no limits? Stuttgart Weißenhof scandal: Academy Rector Wolfgang Kermer threatens to resign . In: Stuttgarter Nachrichten , No. 109, May 13, 1983, p. 16. - Christian Marquart: Pistol on the chest: Stuttgart Academy: Rector Kermer's thoughts of resignation . In: Stuttgarter Zeitung , No. 109, May 13, 1983, p. 14
6. ↑ So exactly in: Wolfgang Kermer: Statement on the opening of the exhibition “Weißenhof 1927–87” on May 6, 1983 . In: Ders., "1968" and academy reform. From the student unrest to the reorganization of the Stuttgart Academy in the seventies . Ostfildern-Ruit: Cantz Verlag, 1998 (= contributions to the history of the State Academy of Fine Arts Stuttgart, edited by Wolfgang Kermer; 9) ISBN 3-89322-446-7 , p. 102
7. ↑ Wolfgang Kermer: Statement on the opening of the exhibition “Weißenhof 1927-87” on May 6, 1983 . In: Ders., "1968" and academy reform. From the student unrest to the reorganization of the Stuttgart Academy in the seventies . Ostfildern-Ruit: Cantz Verlag, 1998 (= contributions to the history of the State Academy of Fine Arts Stuttgart, edited by Wolfgang Kermer; 9) ISBN 3-89322-446-7 , p. 102 f.
8. ↑ UNESCO Center du patrimoine mondial: UNESCO Center du patrimoine mondial - List du patrimoine mondial. Retrieved October 20, 2017 (French). 

Coordinates: 48 ° 48 '2 "  N , 9 ° 10' 39"  E