Vladimir Alexandrovich Dschanibekov

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Vladimir Janibekov
Vladimir Janibekov
Country: USSR / Russia
selected on April 27, 1970
Calls: 5 space flights
Start of the
first space flight: 		January 1, 1978
Landing of the
last space flight: 		September 26, 1985
Time in space: 145d 15h 56min
EVA inserts: 2
EVA total duration: 8h 35 min
retired on June 24, 1986
Space flights

Vladimir Alexandrowitsch Dschanibekow ( Russian Владимир Александрович Джанибеков ; born May 13, 1942 in Iskandar , Tashkent Province , Uzbek SSR as Vladimir Alexandrowitsch Krysin) is a former Soviet cosmonaut . In 1978 he was the commander of the first space mission, in which a spaceship was replaced at a space station, and in 1985 he was the commander of a complicated repair mission to rescue the failed space station Salyut 7 .

Life

Air Force

Vladimir Dschanibekow, then still Vladimir Krysin ( Владимир Крысин ), attended various schools in Tashkent , including the Suvorov School until it was closed in 1958. From 1960 he studied astrophysics, but broke off his studies in 1961 and went to the Soviet Military Aviation Institute Air force in Yeisk , which he graduated with honors in 1965. He then worked there as a trainer.

Name change

Until his marriage, Janibekov had the family name Krysin. His wife Lilija Munirovna Dschanibekowa, a music teacher in the star city Svyosdny Gorodok , came from the ancient Uzbek nobility from the descendants of Dschani Beg . Since her father only had two daughters, the name Dschanibekow would have died out with his death. The couple prevented this by adopting the name Dschanibekov by Vladimir Krysin.

Cosmonaut activity

Selection and training

Janibekov was nominated as a cosmonaut candidate on April 27, 1970. His training group consisted of nine pilots and engineers from the Soviet armed forces. In fact, 16 people passed the tests, but seven were rejected by the KGB or the Communist Party. The basic training took place from May 1970 to June 1972, on June 15, 1972 he was appointed cosmonaut. He was then assigned to the Spiral 50-50 project , which aimed to develop a reusable space glider.

Janibekov on a Soviet postage stamp

Apollo Soyuz

Already in December 1972, however, Dschanibekow was assigned to the Apollo Soyuz Test Project , the first international project of manned space flight. In May 1973 he was nominated as a substitute commander for the Soyuz 16 test flight , in which a Soyuz spaceship was to simulate the entire program on its own in advance. Boris Andrejew was assigned to him as a flight engineer . In July 1973, preparation also included a stay at the Johnson Space Center in Houston , where he trained with American astronauts.

After the test flight of Soyuz 16 was successful in December 1974, the focus was on the flight of Soyuz 19 , which was the first time a Soviet and an American spaceship were to couple. Dschanibekow served here in the support team. The historic flight took place in July 1975.

First flight: spaceship exchange

After the Apollo Soyuz Test Project ended, Janibekov was trained for a flight to the new Salyut 6 space station . Together with Pyotr Kolodin, he was to form the first visiting team. For the first time, a spaceship was to be changed at a space station, so that the long-term crew could stay on board longer than a Soyuz spaceship could be used in space.

Soyuz 25's coupling maneuver with Vladimir Kovaljonok and Valeri Ryumin on board failed in October 1977. The second attempt by Soyuz 26 with Juri Romanenko and Georgi Grechko succeeded in December 1977 and Salyut 6 could be put into operation.

As planned, Janibekov carried out the spaceship change. As a flight engineer, Kolodin had meanwhile been replaced by Oleg Makarov . Janibekov and Makarov started on January 10, 1978 with Soyuz 27 and landed on January 16, 1978 with Soyuz 26 . During this mission, Janibekov used his callsign "Pamir" for the first time.

A week after landing, Janibekov was promoted to colonel in the Soviet Air Force.

Second flight: Interkosmos

From November 1978 Dschanibekow was part of the Interkosmos program, which enabled pilots from friendly nations to fly on board a Soyuz spacecraft.

Janibekov was reserve commander for Soyuz 36 , which was supposed to have a Hungarian cosmonaut on board. This flight took place in May / June 1980. Since a planned spacecraft change with Soyuz 33 could not be carried out in April 1979 and Soyuz 34 started unmanned, the entire Interkosmos program was delayed.

After Dschanibekow had been a substitute commander for the Interkosmos Soyuz 36 mission, he moved up to the main team for Soyuz 39 . His companion was Jugderdemidiin Gurragchaa from Mongolia . The launch took place on March 22, 1981, the docking with the Salyut 6 space station on the following day. A spaceship exchange was not planned this time, and after a week's stay with the regular crew Salyut 6 EO-6 , the landing took place on March 30th.

Third flight: Soviet-French mission

In January 1982, Janibekov stepped in for the sick Yuri Malyshev and, as commander, took over the preparation for a Soviet-French mission to the Salyut 7 space station . Alexander Ivanchenkov was nominated as a flight engineer . The team was completed by the French Jean-Loup Chrétien , who thus became the first Western European in space.

The launch of Soyuz T-6 took place on 24 June 1982. Dschanibekow, making it the tenth cosmonaut who reached the then record of three space flights. As Salyut 7's on-board computer failed shortly before the coupling, Dschanibekow had to control the approach and coupling by hand as an exception.

Fourth flight: material processing in space

From April to October 1983 Dschanibekow trained together with Musa Chiramanowitsch Manarov for a long stay aboard Salyut 7, but the plans were changed because two flights to Salyut 7 with Soyuz T-8 and Soyuz T-10-1 failed. Janibekov should now take command of a short-term mission to bring urgently needed tools to the space station. The flight engineer for this flight was Svetlana Savitskaya on her second space flight. In addition, research cosmonaut Igor Wolk, as a future Buran pilot, was supposed to investigate the effects of weightlessness adaptation on a pilot's ability to fly.

The launch of Soyuz T-12 took place on 17 July 1984. Dschanibekow sat with his fourth space flight set a new record for Soviet spacemen. Before him, four US astronauts ( Lovell , Young , Conrad and Stafford ) had already reached this threshold.

The following day, the spaceship docked at Salyut 7, where they were greeted by the third long-term crew Salyut 7 EO-3 ( Leonid Kisim , Vladimir Solovyov and Oleg Atkow ).

On July 25th, Janibekov made his first space exit . Together with Savitskaya, he left the space station to test new tools and processes under space conditions, including welding, cutting and coating metal. This was also a woman's first step into space.

Janibekov and Savitskaya were also prepared to repair a defective Salyut fuel line. However, Kisim and Soloviev insisted on doing this themselves, so Janibekov and Savitskaya limited themselves to a briefing. Soyuz T-12 returned on July 29, 1984.

Fifth flight: Soyuz T-13

The fourth long-term crew on Salyut 7 was scheduled to start in March 1985. In February, however, radio contact with the unmanned space station was completely lost, so that a normal mission was no longer possible. Instead, a repair mission had to be prepared at short notice, which was to be under the command of Janibekov.

Together with his flight engineer Viktor Savinych , Janibekov took off on June 6, 1985 in the Soyuz T-13 spacecraft . This time there were only about 10 months between his space flights. In addition, he was the first Soviet cosmonaut to carry out a fifth space flight. On the American side, only John Young had reached this mark.

Dschanibekow coupled the Soyuz spaceship with manual controls to the non-functioning space station. Under the name Salyut 7 EO-4 , he and Savinych formed the fourth long-term crew of Salyut 7. The cosmonauts found the station dark and cold. At temperatures well below freezing and with the constant risk of carbon dioxide poisoning , Janibekov examined the Salyut's electrical system. He separated unusable batteries and switched the others so that only one battery was charged at a time after the Soyuz spaceship rotated the station so that the solar cells were facing the sun.

In the following days, Dschanibekow and Savinych were able to put the space station back into operation. Two space freighters brought spare parts and food. On August 2, 1985, Dschanibekow and Savinych carried out an exit in order to assemble new solar cells. New spacesuits were used that had been delivered with one of the freighters.

In September 1985, the repair work was so far completed that normal operations could be resumed. Soyuz docked T-14 on September 18 . On board were Vladimir Wasjutin and Alexander Volkov, two of the originally planned crew members. Savinych, who was also part of the originally intended crew, was already on board. The third crew member of Soyuz T-14 was the experienced engineer Georgi Grechko , whose job it was to carefully examine the station. After a week of five, Dschanibekow and Grechko boarded the Soyuz T-13 spacecraft and carried out extensive proximity tests to the space station. The landing took place on September 26, 1985. The Soyuz T-13 mission is considered to be one of the most extensive repairs in space.

During this flight, Dschanibekow succeeded in documenting the special kind of free rotation that an irregularly shaped body performs when it is not rotating about a main axis of inertia (see Dschanibekow effect ).

The day after his landing, Janibekov was promoted to major general in the Soviet Air Force.

After the space flights

Dschanibekow resigned from the cosmonaut corps on June 24, 1986 and became deputy head of department in the Yuri Gagarin cosmonaut training center , in 1988 he rose to head of department and kept this position even after the collapse of the Soviet Union until he reached retirement age in August 1997 he still works as a research assistant.

further activities

painting

Janibekov designed this Soviet postage stamp

Janibekov began painting as a child. He is now the third spaceman, alongside Alexei Leonow and Alan Bean , whose works have been exhibited in museums. He takes the motifs of his paintings from his space missions. Janibekov also illustrated several books and designed four postage stamps for the Soviet post.

Balloon rides

Between 1991 and 1998 he made several unsuccessful attempts to circumnavigate the world in hot air and gas balloons with Larry Newman .

Honors

Janibekov has received the following awards, among others:

The asteroid 3170 Dzhanibekov , which the Soviet astronomer Nikolai Tschernich discovered in September 1979, was named after him.

Private

Janibekov is married for the second time and has two children from his first marriage. The Janibekov effect was named after him .

Web links

Commons : Vladimir Janibekov  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Peter Stekel: Transglobal Attempts - A Retrospective. February 9, 1998, archived from the original on October 25, 2003 ; accessed on July 6, 2009 .
personal data
SURNAME Janibekov, Vladimir Alexandrovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Джанибеков, Владимир Александрович (Russian); Krisin, Vladimir Alexandrowitsch (maiden name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION soviet cosmonaut
DATE OF BIRTH May 13, 1942
PLACE OF BIRTH Iskandar , Tashkent Province , Uzbek SSR