1978

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1978
Aldo Moro
Former Italian Prime Minister Aldo Moro is kidnapped and murdered by the Red Brigades .
Pope Paul VI
Pope Paul VI dies at the age of 81 after a 15-year pontificate.
John Paul I
John Paul I dies after only 33 days in office.
John Paul II
The previous Archbishop of Kraków , Karol Wojtyła, is elected Pope as John Paul II after the brief pontificate of John Paul I.
1978 in other calendars
From urbe condita 2731
Armenian calendar 1426-1427
Ethiopian calendar 1970-1971
Badi calendar 134-135
Bengali calendar 1384-1385
Berber calendar 2928
Buddhist calendar 2522
Burmese calendar 1340
Byzantine calendar 7486-7487
Chinese calendar
 - era 4674-4675 or
4614-4615
 - 60 year cycle

Fire-Snake ( 丁巳 , 54) -
Earth-Horse ( 戊午 , 55)

French
revolutionary calendar
CLXXXVI - CLXXXVII
186-187
Hebrew calendar 5738-5739
Hindu calendar
 - Vikram Sambat 2034-2035
 - Shaka Samvat 1900-1901
Iranian calendar 1356-1357
Islamic calendar 1398-1399
Japanese calendar
 - Nengō (era): Shōwa 53
 - Kōki 2638
Coptic calendar 1694-1695
Korean calendar
 - Dangun era 4311
 - Juche era 67
Minguo calendar 67
Modern Olympics XXI
Seleucid calendar 2289-2290
Thai solar calendar 2521

Throughout 1978 , the opposition movement against the Shah regime in Iran grew stronger. In January, the Iranian newspaper Ettelā'āt published an article about Ruhollah Khomeini , which had been hushed up in the country until then. The exiled clergyman is branded as a “communist conspirator”. On January 9th, there were expressions of sympathy among the students in the city of Qom . On September 5th - at the beginning of the fasting month of Ramadan - there are rallies across the country, with the security forces being extremely tough and shooting indiscriminately into the crowd on September 8th, Black Friday, killing 68 people. Meanwhile, from his exile in Paris, Khomeini is attracting the attention of the Western media.

In Afghanistan , Iran's northeastern neighbor, President Mohammed Daoud Khan is overthrown by the military in April as part of the Saur Revolution . The new rulers, including Nur Muhammad Taraki, proclaim the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan on April 30th and put the country on a radical socialist course. The new regime was soon officially recognized by the Soviet Union and other Eastern bloc states , including Bulgaria , but soon also by the USA .

In March, the former two-time Italian prime minister and chairman of the Christian Democrats ( Democrazia Cristiana ), Aldo Moro, was kidnapped by the Red Brigades . 54 days later, on May 9th, his body was found in the trunk of a car parked in downtown Rome .

Pope Paul VI dies on August 6th . after 15 years of pontificate in Castel Gandolfo . The decision about his successor seems completely open. There is speculation that for the first time in 400 years a non-Italian, perhaps even a non-European, could become Pope. The curia diplomat Sergio Pignedoli , Cardinal Chamberlain Sebastiano Baggio and Curia Cardinal Pericle Felici are named as " papabile " . On August 26th, the choice fell on the previous Patriarch of Venice , Albino Cardinal Luciani, who as John Paul I to succeed Paul VI. is chosen. Rumors spread that his pontificate ends abruptly after just 33 days. From the following conclave on October 16, the Pole Karol Wojtyła, Archbishop of Cracow, emerged as Pope John Paul II . Just three years after the Helsinki Final Act was passed, his election is seen as a political signal to the communist world.

Events

Annual dedications

Politics and world events

January

February

March

April

May

June

July

August

September

From left to right: Anwar as-Sadat , Jimmy Carter and Menachem Begin in Camp David on September 17th

October

November

December

economy

science and technology

(August 26, 1978 to September 3, 1978) Valery Bykowski and Sigmund Jähn after their
Interkosmos mission

Culture

society

religion

  • 1978 is a "tri-papal year": after the death of Giovanni Battista Montini ( Paul VI ) on August 6th, Albino Luciani ( John Paul I ) is elected Pope on August 26th, but dies after 33 days in office on August 28th. September. Karol Wojtyła ( John Paul II ) is elected Pope after him on October 16.
  • August 26th - October 8th: First public exhibition of the Turin Shroud in 45 years.
  • Eleventh Lambeth Conference of the Church of England

Sports

For entries of athletics world records, see under the respective discipline under athletics .

Disasters

Born

January

February

Claudia Nystad

March

Jensen Ackles

April

Franziska van Almsick with Jörg Hoffmann, 1989
Sylvie Meis , 2012

May

James Carter

June

July

August

September

Tinkara Kovač
Harry Kewell
Bushido, 2010

October

Usher Raymond
Matthew Morrison

November

Nik Mrdja

December

Day unknown

Miri Ben-Ari

Died

January

André François-Poncet

February

Hugo Friedrich

March

Charles Best

April

May

June

Jens Otto Krag

July

August

Jomo Kenyatta, 1966

September

Willy Messerschmitt

October

November

Jorge Carrera Andrade
Theo Lingen, 1976

December

Golda Meir

Day unknown

Nobel Prizes

music

Web links

Commons : 1978  - Collection of Images, Videos, and Audio Files