Zehdenick-Spandauer Havelniederung
| Zehdenick-Spandauer Havelniederung | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| surface | 592 km² |
| Systematics according to | Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany |
| Greater region 1st order | North German Lowlands |
| Greater region 2nd order | Central North German Lowland |
| Greater region 3rd order | 76–89 → East German plateau and heathland |
| Main unit group | 78 → Luchland |
| Natural space |
783 → Zehdenick-Spandauer Havelniederung |
| Natural area characteristics | |
| Landscape type | Wooded / wooded cultural landscape |
| Geographical location | |
| Coordinates | 52 ° 46 '34.4 " N , 13 ° 14' 33.6" E |
| circle | Oberhavel , Havelland , district of Spandau |
| state | Brandenburg , Berlin |
| Country | Germany |
The Zehdenick-Spandauer Havelniederung is a natural area in the north of the state of Brandenburg and in Berlin . According to the handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany, it forms a main unit of the Luchland with an area of 592 km² and a height of about 40 meters. The Federal Agency for Nature Conservation defines the Zehdenick-Spandau Havelniederung more narrowly (353 km²), primarily by not considering areas in the agglomeration of Berlin .
location
The Zehdenick-Spandau Havelniederung extends as a river lowland from Zehdenick in the north to Berlin-Spandau in the south along the upper course of the Havel in a width of up to 20 kilometers. In the west it extends in the area of the Ruppiner Canal until shortly before Kremmen . The Zehdenick-Spandauer Havelniederung is mainly limited by sand and ground moraine plates that are about 20 m higher. It borders in the north on the Rüthnicker Heide , the Granseer Platte and the Neustrelitzer Kleinseenland , in the east on the Schorfheide , the Britzer Platte , the Eberswalder Tal , the Westbarnim and the Berlin-Fürstenwalder Spreetalniederung , in the south on the Brandenburg-Potsdamer Havel area and the Nauener Platte and in the west to the Havelländische Luch , the Glien and the Rhinluch . The part between Glien and Barnim is called the Haveldurchbruchstal.
Shape and surface
The Zehdenick-Spandau Havel Lowlands received their current shape from the meltwater from the last glaciation , but some of it goes back to an older hollow shape. The meltwater destroyed the ice edge of the Frankfurt stadium, which ran in this area between Neuendorf and Wandlitz . The landscape of the Eberswalde glacial valley , which can hardly be distinguished from one another , crosses the Zehdenick-Spandau Havel lowlands north of Oranienburg between Nassenheide and Döringsbrück and is part of the natural landscape there. This creates flowing transitions to the Rhinluch in the west and to the Eberswalder Valley in the east.
The surface of the Zehdenick-Spandau Havelniederung is mainly occupied by valley sands or Holocene river sands. The valley sands are covered by thin layers of drifting sand in the north and west or - especially in the east and south - they have larger dune complexes . Around Zehdenick there are extensive bands of clay under the valley sands, which were mined for the local brick industry (see also Mildenberg Brickworks Park ). Immediately along the Havel and its tributaries, several hundred meters wide floodplains with flat moor soils and sandy moor soils extend . Medieval mill dams favored the bog in this area. In addition, on the western edge of the Zehdenick-Spandauer Havelniederung there are also flat moor soils and sandy moor soils.
Flora and fauna
The natural vegetation of the Zehdenick-Spandauer Havel lowlands generally consisted mainly of pedunculate oak and hornbeam forests near the groundwater . In the area of Eberswalde glacial valley also came pine rich English oak-birch forests and Book - English Oak forests before. Vermoorte gullies were made up of alder forests . Apart from small remnants, nothing of the natural vegetation has survived. There are some near-natural quarry and deciduous forests such as the Liebenberger Bruch , the Teufelsbruch and the Heimsche Heide . In addition, the Zehdenick-Spandauer Havel lowlands are occupied by pine forests, grassland and arable land . The agricultural yield of the arable land is, however, reduced by low frosts and strong drifts in the fine sands. Wind protection hedges were partially created against the latter .
In the northern part of the natural area, the Havel forms a near-natural flowing water as the Schnelle Havel . This area forms a habitat for the black stork , the crane , the white stork and the corn crake , among others . Large parts of the Zehdenick-Spandauer Havelniederung belong to the European bird sanctuary Obere Havelniederung .
literature
- Emil Meynen , Josef Schmithüsen (Hrsg.): Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany . Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Remagen / Bad Godesberg 1953–1962 (9 deliveries in 8 books, updated map 1: 1,000,000 with main units 1960).
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g Meynen, Schmithüsen (ed.): Handbook of the natural spatial structure of Germany. 1953-1962, pp. 1115-1116.
- ↑ a b c d e landscape profile Zehdenick-Spandauer Havelniederung of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ↑ German Hydrological Yearbook. Elbe region, part II Havel with the German Oder region. 1999 State Office for Environment, Health and Consumer Protection Brandenburg, Potsdam 2015.