Guild to Spinning Weather

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Entrance to the guild house (2017)

EE Zunft zu Spinnwetter is a guild founded in Basel in 1248 . The spinning weather guild is the guild of the " builders ". This includes traditional trades such as bricklayers , carpenters and stonemasons , but today also architects , paving stones and new professions that are associated with building. It used to combine all professions in the woodworking trade, including those that belonged to the building trade, such as the Kübler and the wood turner.

history

The guild was established in 1248 with a letter of foundation from Bishop Lüthold (Lütold) von Rötteln for the "bricklayers, plasterers, carpenters, cooper and Wagner of Basel". Although the document itself is dated only anno domini MCCXLVIII, indictione sexta ("in the year of the Lord 1248, in the 6th indiction "), Paul Kölner and Eugen A. Meier , who relies on Kölner , give September 23, 1248 on. This exact date is not plausible because the foundation letter on the one hand expressly mentions Bishop Lüthold, but on the other hand he had already abdicated in June 1248.

For the builders in Basel the compulsory guild was introduced: "Those who do not want to be in this society, as mentioned above, should be completely excluded from the right to work in the city as they wish." Other important regulations of the foundation letter were the prohibition of poaching journeymen and the agreement not to work for any client who is still in debt to a co-master for the work done.

The top management of the builders initially remained in the hands of an episcopal ministerial . Bishop Heinrich von Neuchâtel awarded the builders a second guild letter in 1271, which transferred the management to an elected master of the guild. With this second certificate, the professional groups of tub makers and turners ("Becherer", who made wooden drinking utensils) were affiliated to the guild .

Since the 16th century, the possession of the Basel civil rights was a prerequisite for admission to the guilds and thus the exercise of the guild crafts. Over time, it became more difficult to be naturalized in Basel; After the population of Basel had stabilized in the 18th century, no one was naturalized at all for a time. Until the Helvetic Republic was proclaimed in 1798, the guilds, including the spinning weather guild, together with the Kleinbasler honorary societies and the suburban societies, determined all political and social issues in Basel. In the Helvetic Republic there was freedom of trade and industry, the guild obligation was abolished. With the beginning of the mediation period in 1803, however, Basel reintroduced compulsory guilds, which subsequently remained until 1874.

Today, membership in a guild has a symbolic character, serves to maintain Basel traditions and socialize. Requirements for membership in the spinning weather guild are still that the applicant is male and a citizen of the city of Basel and has learned or practices a "spinning weather guild". The guild has around 300 guild brothers.

Name and guild house

Guild house on the Basel city map by Matthäus Merian (1615)
The guild house 2017

Paul Kölner derives the name of the guild from the name of its guild house, which it acquired in 1361. This, located near the Rhine on Eisengasse, was originally called "Spichwartershus". A Spich Warter was supervisor (guards) on a memory, in particular granary . Since the name already appears as a family name in the area around Basel in the 14th century , Kölner leaves the question open whether the guild house got its name from the owner of the Spichwarter office or from a name bearer. The designation via Spichwetter (1370), Spichwerter (1388), Spiwechselter (1433), Spinwerter (1449), Spichwatter (1463), Spiwerte (1475) and Spywetter (1508) was modified to its form in use since the middle of the 16th century . The origin and meaning of the name were later forgotten and various speculations were made; Among other things, it was claimed that the guild used to have a spider as a guild mark.

The original guild house was rather modest compared to magnificent buildings such as those built later by the key guild or the wine guild . It was heavily rebuilt in the centuries that followed. At the beginning of the 19th century it was in poor condition. In connection with a major road correction, the old guild houses for spinning weather and shipmen were finally demolished in 1839. The new Zunfthaus zu Spinnwetter was built at roughly the same place according to plans by the city's building inspector Amadeus Merian and inaugurated on October 10, 1842. In 1929, the spinning weather guild sold the house to the bookseller Wepf with the contractual condition that a meeting room be rented to it.

Wepf had the house converted into a modern commercial building by the architects Von der Mühll and Oberrauch . The external appearance of the building at Eisengasse 5 has remained largely unchanged since the renovation in 1930; It still bears the large lettering from the Wepf bookstore that was attached at the time, along with the guild mark and lettering of the spinning weather guild.

literature

  • Eugen A. Meier: 750 years of the EE guild for spinning weather. History and present of the traditional guild of Basel builders. Buchverlag Basler Zeitung, Basel 1998. ISBN 3-85815-342-7
  • Paul Kölner: History of the spinning weather guild in Basel and their crafts . Publishing house B. Wepf, Basel 1931.

Web links

Remarks

  1. ↑ EE stands for one honor
  2. ↑ a b c Paul Kölner: History of the spinning weather guild in Basel and their crafts . B. Wepf, Basel 1931, p. 2 .
  3. ↑ So transcribed in: Paul Kölner: History of the spinning weather guild in Basel and their handicrafts . B. Wepf, Basel 1931, p. 252 .
  4. ↑ Eugen A. Meier: 750 years EE guild for spinning weather . Buchverlag Basler Zeitung, Basel 1998, ISBN 3-85815-342-7 , p. 15 .
  5. ^ Paul Kölner: History of the spinning weather guild in Basel and their handicrafts . B. Wepf, Basel 1931, p. 251 .
  6. ^ Markus Ries: Lüthold von Röteln . In: Erwin Gatz (ed.): The Bishops of the Holy Roman Empire 1198 to 1448 . Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-428-10303-3 , pp. 59–60, here p. 60 .
  7. ^ Paul Kölner: History of the spinning weather guild in Basel and their handicrafts . B. Wepf, Basel 1931, p. 4-5 .
  8. ^ Paul Kölner: History of the spinning weather guild in Basel and their handicrafts . B. Wepf, Basel 1931, p. 5 .
  9. ↑ Eugen A. Meier: 750 years EE guild for spinning weather . Buchverlag Basler Zeitung, Basel 1998, ISBN 3-85815-342-7 , p. 19 .
  10. ^ Hans Berner, Niklaus Röthlin: Basel-Stadt - 4. Society, economy and culture from the Reformation to the separation of the cantons. In: Historical Lexicon of Switzerland . May 30, 2017. Retrieved June 13, 2019 .
  11. ↑ From medieval township to social holding company . Civil parish of the city of Basel. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  12. ^ Guilds and societies in Basel. Dossier for teachers (PDF) Historisches Museum Basel . 2005. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  13. ^ The importance of the E. guilds and E. societies of the city of Basel . Guilds and societies of the city of Basel. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  14. ↑ a b Guild of Spinning Weather . Guilds and societies of the city of Basel. Retrieved October 27, 2017.
  15. ^ Paul Kölner: History of the spinning weather guild in Basel and their handicrafts . B. Wepf, Basel 1931, p. 81-82 .
  16. ^ Paul Kölner: History of the spinning weather guild in Basel and their handicrafts . B. Wepf, Basel 1931, p. 82 .
  17. ^ Paul Kölner: History of the spinning weather guild in Basel and their handicrafts . B. Wepf, Basel 1931, p. 83 .
  18. ^ Paul Kölner: History of the spinning weather guild in Basel and their handicrafts . B. Wepf, Basel 1931, p. 85-86 .
  19. ^ Paul Kölner: History of the spinning weather guild in Basel and their handicrafts . B. Wepf, Basel 1931, p. 100-102 .
  20. ^ Paul Kölner: History of the spinning weather guild in Basel and their handicrafts . B. Wepf, Basel 1931, p. 100-104 .
  21. ^ Office building conversion, bookstore Wepf & Co, Eisengasse 5, Basel . In: The work . tape 18 , no. 8 . Gebr. Fretz AG, Zurich 1931, doi : 10.5169 / seals-81977 ( e-periodica.ch [accessed on October 31, 2017]).


Coordinates: 47 ° 33 '34.1 "  N , 7 ° 35' 18.4"  E ; CH1903:  six hundred and eleven thousand two hundred and seventy-five  /  267651