Zweigelt

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Zweigelt
Synonyms Rotburger, Zweigeltrebe, Blauer Zweigelt, Zweigelt Blau.
Breeding number Klosterneuburg 181-2-71 or Klosterneuburg 71
Zweigelt
Art Grape vine ( Vitis vinifera subsp. Vinifera )
Berry color black
use
origin Friedrich Zweigelt , Higher Federal College and Federal Office for Viticulture and Fruit Growing
breeder Friedrich Zweigelt
Breeding year 1921
Launch 1972
VIVC no. 13484
ancestry

Cross of
St. Laurent × Blaufränkisch

List of grape varieties

Zweigelt is a red wine variety . It is also called Blauer Zweigelt , Rotburger or Zweigeltrebe . The variety, a new breed from two Austrian autochthonous grape varieties, is now the most common red wine variety in Austria.

Origin, name

The Zweigelt is a new Austrian breed from 1922 by Friedrich Zweigelt (1888–1964), who later became the director of the higher federal teaching and federal experimental station for viticulture, fruit growing and horticulture (1938–1945), from St. Laurent and Blaufränkisch .

As early as the 1950s, Lenz Moser recognized the suitability of the variety "Blaufränkisch x St. Laurent" for the education of high culture and from then on endeavored to name it after its breeder, Friedrich Zweigelt, as he used the name "Blaufränkisch x St. Laurent" deemed too long. As early as 1958, the "naming process had reached a stage where it could no longer be stopped."

The official name "Zweigeltrebe Blau" appeared for the first time in 1972 in the then new catalog of grape varieties for quality wines. In 1978 the name of the variety was changed to "Blauer Zweigelt" and the synonym "Rotburger" was created. This should emphasize the common origin of the new breeds Blauburger, Goldburger and Rotburger / Blauer Zweigelt. The widespread claim that Friedrich Zweigelt himself called his new breed “Rotburger” cannot be substantiated.

The still valid synonym "Rotburger" is still used by Austrian winemakers as a name on the label, whereas the majority of producers use the name Zweigelt on the labels. The problem of naming a staunch National Socialist was publicly discussed in December 2018.

ancestry

Zweigelt is a cross between the St. Laurent x Blaufränkisch varieties .

Ampelographic features

  • The tip of the shoot is smooth and bronzed.
  • Leaves are medium-sized, coarse, circular to pentagonal, three- to five-lobed, little lobed.
  • The grape is medium to large in size, dense berries, cylindrical, with two grapes; Berries rounded, blue-black in color.
  • The shoots are strong and upright.

Maturity : medium

Yield

On deep, nutrient-rich soils, it brings very high and regular yields. Yield regulation must be carried out for high quality.

Advantages and disadvantages

Ripe grape with symptoms of grape wilt

It is advantageous that the variety has low soil requirements and good winter frost resistance. The disadvantage is that it requires intensive foliage work and yield regulation due to its good fertility. Furthermore, the quality of the wine is adversely affected by its susceptibility to botrytis and by the fact that the grapes ripen unevenly. Towards the end of the last century has also been shown that the variety of susceptible stolbur - phytoplasma is. A new disease appeared in the 1990s, beginning in northern Burgenland. The grapes wilt in the ripening phase (“ grape wilt ”, also called “Zweigelt disease”). The complex of causes includes: potassium deficiency, high yield stress and stress factors (water and nutrient stress, waterlogging, unfavorable leaf / fruit ratio, extreme temperatures, etc.). The complex of causes has not yet been sufficiently clarified and researched. Wilted grapes cannot be made into wine.

Wine

The wines are rich in substance, fruity and with a purple-reddish color. The bouquet is often with vanilla aromas and soft tannins in the finish , young with a characteristic sour cherry aroma. Such wines can only be achieved with yield regulation, professional vinification and aging ( e.g. in barrique barrels), which gives them a long shelf life. This grape is vinified as a single variety and also used as a blending partner in cuvées . If the yield is too high, the wines become thin, light red in color and inharmonious in taste.

distribution

Austria

The variety is particularly widespread in the Neusiedlersee wine-growing region and in the eastern wine-growing regions of Lower Austria. In 2017, the Zweigelt in Austria already reached 13.8% of the total vineyard area. It ranks second behind the Grüner Veltliner and is therefore the most widely grown red wine variety, ahead of the Blaufränkisch , which has been overtaken by numerous new plantings in recent years.

Wine region Area ha
Wachau 79.79
Kremstal 304.49
Kamptal 520.22
Traisental 75.33
Wagram 372.80
Weinviertel 1,637.76
Carnuntum 239.66
Thermal region 285.33
Lake Neusiedl 1,604.46
Leithaberg 347.42
Central Burgenland 460.47
Rosalia 46.13
Eisenberg 31.79
Vienna 41.47
Vulkanland Styria 177.19
Southern Styria 161.78
West Styria 11.53
Total Austria 6,425.81

Germany

In Germany , it is grown mainly in the wine-growing regions of Württemberg , Saale-Unstrut and Franconia .

The vineyards in Germany were distributed among the individual growing areas in 2007 as follows:

Wine region Area ha
Ahr 1
to bathe 4th
Francs 15th
Hessian mountain road -
Middle Rhine -
Moselle -
Near -
Palatinate 2
Rheingau below 0.5
Rheinhessen 1
Saale-Unstrut 19th
Saxony 1
Stargarder Land -
Württemberg 55
Total Germany 2007 98

Switzerland

There are small stocks in Switzerland (20 ha).

Other states

In the Czech Republic , Slovakia and Hungary , the variety is increasingly represented in cultivation.

Breeding with Zweigelt

Gertrude Mayer at the Höhere Bundeslehranstalt and Federal Office for Viticulture and Fruit Growing in Klosterneuburg used the Zweigelt to breed the Roesler variety [cross of Blauer Zweigelt x Klosterneuburg 1189-9-77 (= Seyve Villard 18-402 x Blaufränkisch)] to improve quality of the 'Zweigelt' variety with good fungus resistance to downy mildew and oidium .

See also

Web links

Wiktionary: Zweigelt  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Quality grape variety regulation of Austria ( Federal Law Gazette II No. 161/2010 )
  2. ↑ a b c d Cf. Daniel Deckers: Friedrich Zweigelt in the mirror of contemporary sources . In: Wine in Austria. The history. Brandstätter Verlag, Vienna 2019, ISBN 978-3-7106-0350-1 , p. 224 f.
  3. ↑ Ordinance of the Federal Minister for Agriculture and Forestry of September 20, 1978 (Federal Law Gazette No. 517/1978)
  4. ↑ Oral. Explanation by the long-time director of HBLA Klosterneuburg Josef Weiss.
  5. ^ Johann Werfring: Der Rote von der Burg In: "Weinherbst 2013", supplement to the "Wiener Zeitung" of November 2, 2013, p. 8.
  6. ↑ Action “Branch off” - Zweigelt is to be renamed “Blue Monday” . In: Niederösterreichische Nachrichten . December 10, 2018
  7. ↑ Magdalena Pulz: The spirit in the bottle. In: Süddeutsche Zeitung . December 13, 2018, p. 1 (online: Wine in Austria - Zwielichtiger Zweigelt )
  8. ^ Ferdinand Regner : Directory of the Austrian quality wine grape varieties and their clones. 2008, LFZ Klosterneuburg.
  9. ↑ Österreich Wein Marketing GmbH (Ed.): Documentation Austrian Wine 2018 . Vienna 2018, p. 8th ff . ( oesterreichwein.at ).
  10. ↑ Zweigelt (Blauer Zweigelt, Rotburger) article on oesterreichwein.at
  11. ↑ a b c d e f g h Basic Vineyard Survey 2015 (as of September 2016)
  12. ↑ a b c d e Wein Burgenland according to Wein-Online, as of February 2017
  13. ↑ Weinbauverband Wien according to the MA 58 vineyard register, as of December 2016.
  14. ↑ a b c Wein Steiermark according to the Steiermark wine register, as of September 2016.
  15. ↑ Total of responses from the federal states involved in viticulture (Statistics Austria Lower Austria, Wein-Online Burgenland, Viticulture Cadastre Styria, vineyard register of the City of Vienna, MA 58). As of February 2017.
  16. ↑ Vineyard statistics from March 13, 2008, Federal Statistical Office , Wiesbaden 2008 in Descriptive Variety List of the Federal Plant Variety Office 2008, p. 198 ff. Bundessortenamt.de (PDF; 519 kB).