Wiesbaden

Wiesbaden
Climate diagram
	Temperature in ° C , precipitation in mm
	Source: DWD, data: 2015–2020

Basic data
State :	Hesse
Administrative region :	Darmstadt
Height :	117 m above sea level NHN
Area :	203.93 km 2
Residents:	278,474 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	1366 inhabitants per km 2
Postcodes :	65183-65207, ; 55246 , 55252
Primaries :	0611, 06122, 06127, 06134
License plate :	WI
Community key :	06 4 14 000
LOCODE :	DE WIB
NUTS :	DE714
City structure:	26 districts
; City administration address :	Schlossplatz 6 ; 65183 Wiesbaden
Website :	www.wiesbaden.de
Lord Mayor :	Gert-Uwe Mende ( SPD )
Location of the state capital Wiesbaden in Hesse and in the administrative district of Darmstadt

Official logo of the state capital Wiesbaden

Flag of the state capital Wiesbaden

Wiesbaden is the capital of the State of Hesse and with its 15 thermal and mineral springs one of the oldest health spas in Europe .

Around 279,000 people lived in Hesse's second largest city after Frankfurt am Main at the end of 2019. The independent city is one of the ten regional centers of the state of Hesse and, together with the neighboring Rhineland-Palatinate state capital Mainz, forms a cross-border dual center with a total of around 507,000 inhabitants. Mainz and Wiesbaden are the only two capitals of German territorial states with a common city border. Along with Frankfurt am Main, Mainz and Darmstadt , the city is one of the core cities of the Frankfurt / Rhine-Main metropolitan region . Some areas also belong to the Frankfurt metropolitan area .

In 2015, the state capital Wiesbaden ranked sixth among the wealthiest cities in Germany with over 200,000 inhabitants. In 2018, the city had an above-average purchasing power index of 110.3 percent of the national average, or around 25,961 euros per employed person, and thus ranks 7th among the 56 largest German cities. In the future atlas 2019 , the city of Wiesbaden was ranked 46th out of 402 districts and cities in Germany, making it one of the places with "high future opportunities".

Wiesbaden coat of arms on the old town hall from 1610

name of the city

In Roman times there was a settlement in what is now the city center, which is first mentioned in 121 under the name Aquae Mattiacorum ( Latin: The Waters of the Mattiakers , hence the inscription on the Wiesbaden Kurhaus “Aquis Mattiacis”, consecrated to the waters of the Mattiakers). The name refers to the local Chattic tribe of the Mattiaker . Aquae Mattiacorum was the capital of the Civitas Mattiacorum . Einhard , the biographer of Charlemagne , mentioned Wisibada around 828/830 , the earliest tradition of the name Wiesbaden.

geography

and display information about the image

Panorama from the south. In the foreground the main station , behind it the city center. In the background the Neroberg and the Taunus ridge

Geographical location

Wiesbaden city map around 1888

Wiesbaden with its southern districts is located on the right bank of the Rhine opposite the Rhineland-Palatinate state capital Mainz at a point where the Rhine changes its main direction coming from the south to the west. In the north of the city, the Taunus low mountain range extends with its main ridge running in a north-easterly direction. The city center is five kilometers from the Rhine, in a wide valley between the Taunus heights in the north, the Bierstadter Höhe and the Hainerberg in the east, the Mosbacher Berg in the south and the Schiersteiner Berg in the west, a foothills of the Taunus from the direction of Kohlheck. Only a narrow depression on the eastern flank of the Mosbacher Berg opens up to the Rhine, in which the tracks of the main station and Mainzer Straße are located. Together with the Wellritzbach , the Kesselbach , the Schwarzbach and the Dambach, the Salzbach drains the basin of the city center through this depression and thus, as the name suggests, the runoff of the many thermal and mineral springs in the Quellenviertel. Above the city center, the Salzbach is better known under the name Rambach . Apart from Mainzer Straße in the Salzbachtal, all roads from the city center to the east, south and west initially lead significantly uphill. To the north, all roads lead in mile-long inclines over the Taunus main ridge . The highest point of the urban area is 608 m above sea level. NN high on the southeast slope of the Hohe Wurzel on the Rheinhöhenweg , the highest peak in the city area is 539 m above sea level. NN high rattle . The lowest point is the port entrance of Schierstein at 83 m above sea level. NN . The city center ( Schlossplatz ) is 115 m above sea level. NN .

The urban area has a size of 204 square kilometers, measures 17.6 kilometers from north to south and 19.7 kilometers from west to east. The Rhine forms 10.3 kilometers of the 79 kilometer long city limits. In the north it is surrounded by extensive forest areas (27.7% of the urban area), in the west and on the Main by vineyards and in the east by agricultural areas (29.8%). The remaining urban area is made up of settlement areas (21.2%), traffic areas (11.1%) and recreational areas (6.1%).

geology

A geological specialty of Wiesbaden is the exposure of thermal and mineral water, which emerges from great depths in several places in the Quellenviertel. Otherwise, a high groundwater level is to be expected in the city center, which has repeatedly made construction work more difficult. In particular, the construction of underground garages such as those under the Dern'schen site and under the bowling green had to be secured against groundwater.

A geothermal test borehole in the parking lot next to the Hessian Ministry of Finance in Friedrich-Ebert-Allee had drilled into a high-pressure groundwater layer ( Arteser ) at a depth of 130 meters in November 2009 . Up to 8000 liters of water per minute came to light and submerged the surrounding area. Attempts to close the borehole with concrete initially failed. The actual borehole could finally be closed, but the water found several other ways to the surface before the closure finally succeeded at a greater depth. There has been no further damage so far.

There is also a "cold chimney" (crater of an extinct volcano) in the district of Naurod, which was later used as a quarry.

climate

Its location in the basin at the southern foot of the Taunus, protected in the north and west by the mountain range, gives Wiesbaden a mild climate: the mean annual temperature is 9.8 degrees Celsius , the annual rainfall is 638 liters per square meter , and the average number of sunshine per year is at 1565 hours. This makes Wiesbaden one of the warmest German cities. However, due to its location in a valley, the exchange of air in the city center is restricted.

Average monthly temperatures and precipitation for Wiesbaden

	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Max. Temperature ( ° C )	4.3	6.6	10.2	15.3	19.3	23.8	26.4	24.8	20.4	14.0	8.3	5.8	O	15th
Min. Temperature (° C)	−0.7	−0.2	1.8	4.4	8.3	12.1	13.9	13.1	9.6	6.5	2.7	1.2	O	6.1
Temperature (° C)	1.8	3.2	5.9	9.9	13.9	17.9	20.0	18.6	14.6	10.1	5.5	3.5	O	10.4

Precipitation ( mm )	73	57	56	36	60	60	53	45	54	47	62	74	Σ	677

Source: DWD, data: 2015–2020

Climate diagram of Wiesbaden South
Climate diagram of Wiesbaden-Dotzheim

nature

The water that escapes after a geothermal test borehole flows into a street drain.

Eurasian lynx in the pheasantry

A cormorant, taken near Wiesbaden-Biebrich

The Rhine-Taunus Nature Park begins on the northern outskirts of Wiesbaden . These include the approximately 5800 hectares of forests and forest edge areas close to the city. The nature park is home to the largest autochthonous occurrences of the European wildcat and the Aesculapian snake in Hesse. Furthermore, the forest offers one of the best livelihoods for the stag beetle and is therefore a Natura 2000 protected area. In addition, an estimated 7,000 animal species, mostly insects, live in the forest or the forest edge areas. The forest itself consists mainly of beeches (approx. 55%), oaks (approx. 25%), spruces (13%) and pines (7%). It is managed by the four urban forest districts in accordance with the principles of sustainable forestry of the Forest Stewardship Council .

Other Natura 2000 areas are located on the Rhine. The river is a sanctuary for long-distance migratory fish such as river lamprey and salmon . The Rhine Islands form a resting and wintering area for water-bound birds such as black and red kites , mallards and diving ducks , gulls , gray geese , gray herons , storks and cormorants . Most of the undeveloped area of the city is part of the conservation area town Wiesbaden . The list of nature reserves in Wiesbaden has seven entries, plus the FFH areas beech forests north of Wiesbaden , Goldsteintal , Rabengrund , Rettbergsaue and Theiss valley .

There are extensive green areas within the city, often in the form of parks. These are inhabited by a wide variety of animal species such as pigeons , Egyptian geese , squirrels and rabbits . In the area of the Biebrich Palace Park have necked Parakeets and Alexandrine Parakeet settled. In total there are over 40,000 trees in the city. In the agriculturally used surrounding area, the orchards in particular form protected biotopes with a high level of biodiversity.

There are several information centers on the subject of "Fauna and Flora in Wiesbaden". The pheasantry is home to around 50 different native animal and numerous plant species. Over 250 plants that are used in the production of medicines grow in the pharmacy garden on the Aukamm . The "snake path" in the Sommerberg nature reserve near Frauenstein provides information about the Aesculapian snake - the "Wiesbaden Wine and Nature Trail" is also located between Frauenstein and Schierstein - and there is an educational forest trail on the Neroberg .

On the approximately 100 hectare fenced grassland area with wet biotopes of the Schierstein waterworks in the Rhine meadows, on which the white stork lived until 1945 , attempts by Schierstein citizens have been resettlement attempts since 1972, which led to the first breeding success in 1975. After a steady increase in the population, between 22 and 24 breeding pairs were counted between 2005 and 2014. Around 20 adult birds find a sufficient livelihood here, even in the cold season, and overwinter in Schierstein. The stork nests on the arms of the high-voltage pylons in the waterworks area are particularly spectacular because a high-voltage line crosses the river here.

Neighboring communities

The following cities and communities border the state capital Wiesbaden or are only separated from it by the Rhine or Main; they are called clockwise starting in the north:

Taunusstein ( Rheingau-Taunus District )
Niedernhausen (Rheingau-Taunus District)
Eppstein ( Main-Taunus-Kreis )
Hofheim am Taunus (Main-Taunus district)
Hochheim am Main (Main-Taunus-District)
Ginsheim-Gustavsburg ( Groß-Gerau district )

Mainz (independent city, state capital, Rhineland-Palatinate)
Budenheim ( District of Mainz-Bingen , Rhineland-Palatinate)
Walluf (Rheingau-Taunus District)
Eltville am Rhein (Rheingau-Taunus district)
Schlangenbad (Rheingau-Taunus district)

City structure

Districts of Wiesbaden

The urban area of Wiesbaden is divided into 26 districts . Each local district has a local council chaired by a local mayor . Six of the 26 districts belong to the core city of Wiesbaden-Alt , the remaining 20 were formed for the municipalities that were incorporated since 1926. Some of the individual local districts still have settlements and residential areas with their own names. The boundaries of local districts and municipalities are often, but not always, identical in Wiesbaden.

The districts of Mainz-Amöneburg , Mainz-Kastel and Mainz-Kostheim ( AKK for short ) on the right bank of the Rhine, formerly belonging to Mainz , form a geographical and political peculiarity. The prefix “Mainz-” is still an official part of the three Wiesbaden local districts (i.e. “Mainz-Kastel” instead of “Wiesbaden-Kastel”). After the Second World War - due to the demarcation between the American and French occupation zones - these former districts of Mainz, located on the right side of the Rhine, were reassigned to Wiesbaden. The US occupying power followed a suggestion from the Wiesbaden regional council.

Population in the 26 districts on February 28, 2017
No.	District	Area (km²)	Residents	Inhabitants per km²	Foreigner ^a)	Foreigners (%)
32	Auringen	3.12	3,411	1,093	234	6.9
14th	Biebrich	12.99	38,823	2,989	9,599	24.7
12	Beer City	9.22	12,600	1,367	1,755	13.9
34	Breckenheim	6.40	3,412	533	212	6.2
26th	Delkenheim	7.43	5.133	691	821	16.0
16	Dotzheim	18.27	27,317	1,495	5,194	19.0
13	Erbenheim	11.27	9,931	881	2,216	22.3
28	Frauenstein	10.65	2,345	220	177	7.5
22nd	Hessloch	1.54	695	451	57	8.2
24	Igstadt	7.26	2,189	302	122	5.6
07	Klarenthal	6.13	10,562	1,723	2.015	19.1
23	Kloppenheim	5.39	2,330	432	185	7.9
51	Mainz-Amöneburg (AKK) ^b)	3.71	1,597	430	490	30.7
52	Mainz-Kastel (AKK) ^b)	9.51	13,411	1,410	3,542	26.4
53	Mainz-Kostheim (AKK) ^b)	9.53	14,209	1,491	2,862	20.1
33	Medenbach	4.47	2,466	552	240	9.7
01	center	1.53	22,152	14,478	6,653	30.0
31	Naurod	10.99	4,435	404	257	5.8
25th	North city	7.73	7,861	1,017	841	10.7
02	Northeast	19.44	23,049	1,186	3.224	14.0
21st	Rambach	9.92	2,203	222	230	10.4
06	Rheingauviertel, Hollerborn	2.47	22.001	8,907	5,093	23.1
27	Schierstein	9.43	10,235	1,085	1,538	15.0
11	Sonnenberg	8.34	8,131	975	769	9.5
03	Southeast	6.62	21,033	3,177	4,375	20.8
08	Westend, Bleichstrasse	0.67	18,134	27,066	5,898	32.5
	State capital Wiesbaden (including AKK)	203.90	289,665	1,421	58,599	20.2
	Amöneburg, Kastel, Kostheim ( AKK )	22.75	29,217	1,284	6,894	23.6
^a)registered foreigners without German citizenship ^b)These districts belonged to Mainz until 1945 and were then incorporated into Wiesbaden. The separation from Mainz resulted from the definition of the occupation zone borders. However, they kept their previous designation "Mainz- ..." and still use them today.

Cityscape

Downtown

The market church dominates the appearance of the city center

The Nassau city palace , today the seat of the Hessian state parliament , is also located on Schlossplatz

The image of downtown Wiesbaden is largely shaped by four factors:

The majority of the buildings in the city center were built in a period of only about 60 years (roughly between 1850 and the beginning of the First World War in 1914).

In addition to the imperial court, Wiesbaden attracted numerous high-income guests who took their desire for representation in the city into account.

Wiesbaden's inner city was far less destroyed than other cities during the Second World War , even if many striking buildings were significantly damaged. The degree of destruction was around 30 percent, the most important buildings and streets that characterize the cityscape have been preserved.

Far less than in other major German cities of the 1950s and 1960s, the Athens Charter with its new principles of urban development such as B. Separation of living and working implemented. As a result, the Wiesbaden inner-city area was largely spared from newly built thoroughfares and area renovations . Ernst May's " Das neue Wiesbaden " plan, which had already been developed for this purpose , was never implemented.

These four factors led to the fact that Wiesbaden's inner city today offers a very uniform appearance, the buildings of which can almost all be attributed to classicism , historicism and art nouveau (see also spa architecture ). At the end of the 19th century, spacious residential areas with lavish facades and avenues were created (such as the Rheingauviertel and Feldherrenviertel , the Dichterviertel and the area around Wiesbadener Ringstrasse ). Due to its reputation as a world spa town, many representative public buildings such as the Kurhaus (1907), the Hessian State Theater (1894), the Marktkirche (1853 to 1862) and the Ringkirche (1894), as well as extensive parks such as the Kurpark , the Warm dam , the Reisinger facilities and the bowling green . In the post-war period, this architecture was only valued little and politicians discussed the possibility of replacing large parts of the old buildings with new buildings. In the 1970s, this attitude towards historical monuments changed and the epoch was appreciated in terms of art history, so that Wiesbaden is now considered a prime example of historicism. In 2005, Gottfried Kiesow , then chairman of the German Foundation for Monument Protection , suggested that Wiesbaden apply for the status of a UNESCO World Heritage Site as a “City of Historicism” . In 2012, Wiesbaden finally applied for the UNESCO World Heritage title as a “World Spa City”. After the failure of this application, the non-profit association of the German Research Center for Historicism has been trying since 2018 to make Wiesbaden the nationwide center for scientific research into historicism.

Aerial photo of downtown Wiesbaden (2008)

View of the city of Wiesbaden from the southeast in 1837, in the center of the picture the towers of the Mauritius Church (left) and the clock tower (right), watercolor by Fritz Bamberger

The ring road was laid out from 1900. This picture postcard from 1907 shows the section "Kaiser-Friedrich-Ring"

The cityscape can be divided into several areas: The closed development extends largely on the bottom of the valley basin at the southern foot of the Taunus slopes. It can in turn be divided as follows:

The old center of the city can be found in the area of the historical pentagon . Here you can still see the irregular layout of the streets. The focal points here are Schlossplatz (see sights ) and Mauritiusplatz . The narrow Bergkirchenviertel in the northwest of the historic pentagon is located on a hill. From 1969 to 1974 the Wiesbaden pedestrian zone was created on the previous main traffic axes in the old town: Langgasse and Kirchgasse in north-south direction and Michelsberg-Marktstraße-Schlossplatz with Ellenbogengasse in west-east direction. The first section was laid out on Faulbrunnenstrasse, with the completion on September 14, 1974, the “Schloßplatzfest” was celebrated for the first time. Later expansions included Goldgasse, the little boat behind the Landtag , which is formed from Wagemannstrasse and Grabenstrasse, as well as Neugasse, Schulgasse and Mauergasse.

The area around the historic pentagon was planned by city architect Christian Zais . In addition to the Westend and the southern inner city, this also applies to the spa district in the northeast. Outstanding urban planning elements here, in addition to the ensemble around the bowling green, are Wilhelmstrasse , Rheinstrasse , Adolfsallee and Luisenplatz .

The Ringstrasse and areas outside of it are designed as curved streets, predominantly as avenues and reveal the handwriting of the city architect Felix Genzmer . Here you can find examples of splendid town houses of historicism (see also Rheingauviertel , Feldherrenviertel , Dichterviertel, and Ringstrasse ). The Sedanplatz , the Blücherplatz with the Blücherschule , the Gutenbergplatz with the Gutenbergschule as well as the Ringkirche , the Lutherkirche and the Dreifaltigkeitskirche deserve special mention .

Outside this closed development, there are extensive residential areas on the slopes of the valley basin, which were also built at the end of the 19th century. This applies to the Nerotal and its surroundings, the Philippsberg north of Emser Strasse , the Sonnenberg district and the so-called villa area east , east of Wilhelmstrasse and Friedrich-Ebert-Allee . There is also a former air raid shelter .

and display information about the image

Panorama of the city from Neroberg from

Outskirts

Further away from the city center, the image of the old buildings is increasingly being displaced by houses from the post-war period, which were created as part of the city's expansion.

In the southeast of the city center (around Gustav-Stresemann-Ring and Berliner Straße ), modern administrative buildings have been built since the 1950s, for example the Zircon Tower (1973), the second tallest building in the city. It is noteworthy that there are almost no industrial or extensive commercial areas in the core city of Wiesbaden . The only exception is the area around Mainzer Straße , which, with the high-rise “Mainzer 75”, various car dealerships, former factories and restaurants of fast-food chains, is one of the few commercial areas near Wiesbaden city center. The development of this area was subject to profound changes in the last decades of the 20th century due to the abandonment of business premises, their demolition and subsequent redevelopment by other users. For example, the buildings of the waste disposal companies, which have moved into a new complex at the Dyckerhoff quarry, and the buildings of the former horticultural center (a justice center made up of a local and regional court was opened here in 2010) were demolished. The slaughterhouse site was almost completely razed to the ground after the slaughterhouse was closed at the end of 1990 and the last operations in the meat wholesale market were relocated in 1994. In addition to the congress parking lot for the Rhein-Main-Hallen there are only two buildings that are used as a cultural center.

Outside the city center there are formerly independent cities and municipalities, some of which have now grown together with the core city ( Dotzheim , Schierstein , Biebrich , Bierstadt , Sonnenberg and Rambach ). The districts of Mainz-Kastel and Mainz-Kostheim have a character similar to that of a small town. The suburbs in the east ( Naurod , Auringen , Breckenheim , Medenbach , Kloppenheim , Heßloch , Igstadt , Nordenstadt , Erbenheim and Delkenheim ) have a village character. Besides Dotzheim, Frauenstein is the only suburb in the west.

The pea field in Wiesbaden-Naurod , photographed from the cellar head

As a result of the construction activity after the Second World War, not only the development of the core city and the city districts has been expanded, but also some building areas have been created that are spatially separated from the existing town centers. These include, for example, the settlements of the US Army stationed in Wiesbaden (settlement Hainerberg in the southeast of the core city as well as Crestview in the west and Aukamm in the northwest of Bierstadt). The urban planner Ernst May was commissioned with the construction of new settlements from the 1960s onwards, of which the satellite settlement Klarenthal , which was built in 1964, was even set up its own local district and thus assumed the rank of a district. Other such individually located residential areas and designated as a settlement in the official city map are: Eigenheim in the west and Heidestock in the east of Sonnenberg, An den Fichten and Wolfsfeld north of Bierstadt, the pea field south of Naurod, Am Roten Berg near Auringen, Hochfeld near Erbenheim, Gräselberg in the southwest and Parkfeld , Selbsthilfe and Rosenfeld in the west of Biebrich, Freudenberg in the north of Schierstein, Talheim and Sauerland in the southeast, Märchenland and Schelmengraben in the west and Kohlheck in the north of Dotzheim. Last but not least, the development at the Erbenheim airfield next to the Mechtildshausen domain was created in the open field between Erbenheim and Delkenheim.

The main industrial areas are located in the southern parts of the city on the Rhine, such as the former Rhine bank and port towns of Schierstein and Biebrich and the AKK suburbs . New industrial areas have been created on Äppelallee between Schierstein and Biebrich, on Unteren Zwerchweg near the Dyckerhoffbruch landfill site and on Petersweg in Mainz-Kastel. In the eastern districts of Erbenheim, Nordenstadt and Delkenheim, too, some industrial areas have developed due to their proximity to federal motorway 66 .

history

Wiesbaden - Excerpt from the Topographia Hassiae by Matthäus Merian the Younger 1655

Infographic on Merian's cityscape of Wiesbaden

The history of Wiesbaden begins in antiquity . The city's hot springs were already known to the Romans, near which they built a fortification around 6-15 AD . The sources were first described in 77 AD in the work Naturalis historia by Pliny the Elder . A Roman settlement called Aquae Mattiacorum was created . The settlement was the capital of the Roman administrative district Civitas Mattiacorum in the province of Germania superior .

In 828/830 Einhard , the biographer of Charlemagne , first mentioned the name Wisibada ("the bath in the meadows"). At that time it was a capital of the Königssondergau .

Around 1170, Nassau counts acquired imperial property in and around what is now Wiesbaden's urban area. In 1296, King Adolf von Nassau founded the Klarenthal Monastery . The city belonged to the Nassau-Wiesbaden-Idstein line until the early modern times .

With the appointment of Wolf Denthener as Evangelical Lutheran pastor, the Reformation was introduced in Wiesbaden in 1543 .

Coat of arms of the Nassau dukes on the city palace

View of Wiesbaden from the southeast in 1856 on a painting by Nicolaus Berkhout : The city has been expanded to Rheinstrasse

Panorama of Wiesbaden around 1900

The old town hall was built from 1609 to 1610 , the oldest building in Wiesbaden that still exists today. In 1744 Schloss Biebrich became the main residence of the House of Nassau, and in 1806 Wiesbaden became the seat of government and the capital of the Duchy of Nassau . As a ducal residence, Wiesbaden experienced unimagined urban development in the following decades ( historical pentagon , old Kurhaus , city palace ).

After the German war between Prussia and Austria, Nassau was annexed by Prussia in 1866 . The administrative district of Wiesbaden was formed from the duchy in 1867 and Wiesbaden was the seat of the Main District , later after its division the seat of the Wiesbaden district , it remained an independent city itself. Although Wiesbaden had lost its status as a residential city, the city was expanded as a spa, congress city and administrative center and experienced a great boom. The "Nice of the North" was regularly visited by Kaiser Wilhelm II for summer vacation and was soon referred to as the "Imperial City". In the wake of the imperial court, numerous nobles, artists and wealthy entrepreneurs came to the city and settled there. Many representative buildings were built, including the Kurhaus Wiesbaden with its casino and the Hessian State Theater on Wilhelmstrasse .

Due to the strong population growth to over 100,000 inhabitants by the beginning of the 20th century, extensive city expansions were necessary. Numerous new urban areas with representative buildings in the style of classicism , historicism and art nouveau were created . During this time Wiesbaden became the city with the most millionaires in Germany due to the millionaire families and large companies that settled there .

At the end of the First World War , Wiesbaden's time as a popular spa town ended. In 1918 it was occupied by the French army , and in 1921 the Wiesbaden Agreement on German reparations payments to France was signed. In 1925 Wiesbaden became the headquarters of the British Army on the Rhine and remained so until the occupying powers withdrew from the Rhineland in 1930.

Martin Niemöller's house in Wiesbaden Brentanostraße 3

Since 1933 several offices of the Nazi regime were settled in the city, including the General Command of the XII in October 1936 . Army Corps . The Lebensborn organization maintained the Taunus children's home from 1939 to 1945. During the Reichspogromnacht on the morning of November 10, 1938, the large synagogue on Michelsberg , built in 1869 by Philipp Hoffmann in the Moorish style, was destroyed.

During the “ Third Reich ” a total of around 1200 Wiesbaden Jews were deported and murdered. Some residential buildings in the city center were used as so-called “ Jewish houses ”, in which Jews were forcibly quartered before they were transported to the site of the slaughterhouse at that time. This, located in the immediate vicinity of Wiesbaden Central Station , was the last stop before the deportation.

Ludwig August Theodor Beck from Wiesbaden was involved in the assassination attempt on Hitler on July 20, 1944 and paid for it with his life. In his honor, the city awards the Ludwig Beck Prize for civil courage every year. Martin Niemöller , resistance fighter , co-founder of the Pastors' Emergency League and honorary citizen of Wiesbaden, gave the last sermon in the Marktkirche before his arrest.

During the Second World War, Wiesbaden first experienced a number of lighter Allied bombing attacks. The heaviest bombing raid in the night of February 2nd to 3rd, 1945 was flown by the Royal Air Force and, due to the bad weather, missed the planned target area and therefore had the full effect. Nevertheless, 1,000 people died and 28,000 were made homeless. 550 buildings were destroyed and 450 others were badly damaged.

On March 28, 1945 Wiesbaden was occupied by troops of the 3rd US Army without a fight.

The Mainz suburbs on the right bank of the Rhine, Amöneburg , Kastel and Kostheim , were assigned to the Wiesbaden district by order of the military government, which became one of the reasons for today's rivalry between Mainz and Wiesbaden .

General Dwight D. Eisenhower founded the state of Greater Hesse and Wiesbaden became its capital on October 12, 1945 by organizational decree No. 1 of the military government of Greater Hesse. That was the case even after the founding of the State of Hesse on December 1, 1946, the day of the referendum on the constitution of the State of Hesse , because no capital is specified in the constitution.

From 1948 the US air base near Wiesbaden-Erbenheim was one of the eight supply airports that supplied food via an airlift to West Berlin during the Soviet blockade from June 24, 1948 to May 12, 1949.

In December 1952, the Hessian Minister of the Interior awarded the city of Wiesbaden the designation "State Capital".

In 1957, the Rhein-Main-Hallen opened as a trade fair center and in the 1960s the first high-rise settlements were built on Gräselberg , Klarenthal and Schelmengraben . After the ZDF decided on Mainz as its headquarters in 1961, but there was still a lack of space, Wiesbaden became the provisional administrative headquarters of the new television station.

With the decline of the upper bourgeoisie in the post-war decades, Wiesbaden lost its glamorous flair and today it hardly differs socially from other cities.

Population development

Population development from 1871 to 2017

The course of the population development of Wiesbaden shows that the population in the 19th century, initiated by the elevation to the ducal-Nassau royal seat, doubled about every 20 years. From 1800 to 1905 the population grew from 2,239 to 100,953. This was the first time Wiesbaden achieved the status of a large city in 1905, which the city briefly lost again between 1917 and 1919. The stagnation of growth that occurred around this time was ended by a first wave of incorporations in 1926 and 1928. By the beginning of the Second World War in 1939, the city had grown to 170,354 inhabitants. This was favored by the economically favorable location on the Rhine and the proximity to the Ruhr area. After the Second World War, many people streamed into the relatively little destroyed city. The incorporation of the AKK districts (see above) also increased the population considerably. Wiesbaden has had more than 200,000 inhabitants without interruption since the end of 1947; in 1956, the number was already 244,994. In the next 20 years the population grew only slightly to 250,592. It only received a boost from the incorporation of 1977 and in 1980 reached the number of 274,464. Contrary to the trend towards a shrinking population in large German cities, Wiesbaden was able to maintain its population with 274,865 inhabitants in 2005. The construction of new residential areas in the districts has contributed to this.

Incorporations

The first incorporations were those of Biebrich, Schierstein and Sonnenberg on October 1st, 1926. This made Wiesbaden a city on the Rhine. As early as April 1, 1928, nine more communities from the Wiesbaden district were incorporated, which was dissolved at the same time. The remaining towns and communities in the district became part of the newly founded Main-Taunus district. As a result of the war, the border between the French and American zones of occupation ran in the region in the middle of the Rhine; as a result, Mainz-Kastel, Mainz-Amöneburg and Mainz-Kostheim were incorporated into Wiesbaden on August 10, 1945. There was no “fiduciary administration” . Wiesbaden had been separated from these three places by a state border since the Congress of Vienna, the state border between Nassau ( Prussia ) on the one hand and Hesse ( Grand Duchy of Hessen-Darmstadt , later the People's State of Hesse ) on the other. It is not one of the usual incorporations, as the city of Wiesbaden has not simply become the legal successor to the city of Mainz in these districts. There was also no property dispute. The water rights for drinking water production, for example, have remained with Mainz and nothing has changed in the ownership structure of urban land. The last incorporations took place in the course of the regional reform in Hesse on January 1st, 1977 and affected six communities in the Main-Taunus district.

year	place	Growth in hectares
October 1, 1926	Biebrich (city)	1299
October 1, 1926	Schierstein	943
October 1, 1926	Sonnenberg	834
April 1, 1928	Beer City	922
April 1, 1928	Dotzheim	1827
April 1, 1928	Erbenheim	1127
April 1, 1928	Frauenstein	1065
April 1, 1928	Hessloch	154
April 1, 1928	Igstadt	726
April 1, 1928	Kloppenheim	539
April 1, 1928	Rambach	992
April 1, 1928	Georgenborn ( reunified in 1939 )	(?)
August 10, 1945	Mainz-Kastel ^* and Mainz-Amöneburg ^*	1332
August 10, 1945	Mainz-Kostheim ^*	953
January 1, 1977	Auringen	312
January 1, 1977	Breckenheim	640
January 1, 1977	Delkenheim	743
January 1, 1977	Medenbach	447
January 1, 1977	Naurod	1099
January 1, 1977	North city	773

^*These districts belonged to Mainz between 1908 and 1913 and 1945. The military administrations of the occupying powers France and the United States , however, defined the Rhine, which ran through the middle of the previous Mainz city area, as the border between their occupation zones and, consequently, the newly founded states of Hesse and Rhineland-Palatinate . Three of the six districts of Mainz on the right bank of the Rhine were therefore assigned to the city of Wiesbaden. However, they kept their previous names "Mainz-".

religion

Denomination statistics

According to the 2011 census , 28.3% of the population were Protestant , 22.9% Roman Catholic and 48.8% were non-denominational , belonged to another religious community or did not provide any information. At the end of 2019, 21.8% (63,336) were Protestant, 19.9% (57,761) of Wiesbaden's residents were Catholic and 58.4% (170,012) of other or no religious affiliation, including approx. 13.6% (39,690) of Muslims. The number of Catholics and especially that of Protestants has therefore decreased in the observed period, while the proportion of non-denominational increased.

History of the Christians in Wiesbaden

The area of today's city of Wiesbaden originally belonged to the diocese of Mainz . In 1543 the Reformation was introduced by the then Nassau ruling house . The Lutheran creed was predominant , but there have also been Reformed church members since the 18th century . In 1817, the union between Lutheran and Reformed congregations was carried out in the Duchy of Nassau , resulting in the Evangelical Church in Nassau . In 1934 and 1945/46 the three regional churches in Nassau, Hesse and Frankfurt merged to form the Evangelical Church in Hesse and Nassau (EKHN). Within the EKHN, the 44 Protestant congregations with around 78,000 congregation members make up the Wiesbaden deanery . The deanery belongs to the Propstei Rhein-Main , Propst Oliver Albrecht is based in Wiesbaden.

As a reaction to the Union in 1817, Evangelical Lutheran (old Lutheran) parishes emerged in Wiesbaden, as in other places, who wanted to live their Lutheran faith in worship and teaching. The Evangelical Lutheran Christ Church Community of Wiesbaden is now part of the Hesse-South church district of the Independent Evangelical Lutheran Church .

Since the 18th century, there have been a few Roman Catholic parishioners in Wiesbaden who were initially part of the church in Frauenstein. From 1791 they could again celebrate public services in Wiesbaden and in 1801 they got their own house of prayer. Later they built their own churches again. They belong to the Diocese of Limburg , which was newly founded in 1827 for the then Duchy of Nassau. Within the diocese of Limburg, the parishes of the city of Wiesbaden (with the exception of the communities formerly belonging to the city of Mainz, which belong to the diocese of Mainz) belong to the Wiesbaden region of the same name.

History of the Jews in Wiesbaden

Memorial on Michelsberg and former location of the synagogue

Deportation memorial at the slaughterhouse ramp

The history of the Jewish community in Wiesbaden goes back to Roman times. Up until the 18th century, Wiesbaden Jews were buried in labor in the Jewish cemetery . Since 1750 there was also a Jewish cemetery in Wiesbaden. As the city grew, so did the number of Jewish residents. In 1869 the Jewish community was able to inaugurate a large new synagogue on the Michelsberg, designed in the Moorish style by Philipp Hoffmann. In 1878 the Orthodox Old Israelite Congregation was founded. She too built a synagogue on Friedrichstrasse; there were three more synagogues in the suburbs. On the night of the November pogroms in 1938, all synagogues were desecrated and damaged. The ruins on Michelsberg were completely removed in 1939. Today the memorial on Michelsberg commemorates them with memorial plaques by name and the floor plan of the old synagogue on the street. Of over 3,000 Jews before 1933, around half were able to flee and survive the Holocaust . Almost all of the others were driven out of the city or deported to the extermination camps. They are remembered by 651 stumbling blocks in front of the houses where people lived or worked. The slaughterhouse ramp and the Nordenstadt memorial commemorate the deportations . As early as December 1946, a new congregation was founded that could use the property of the ancient Israelite congregation. The new church of the Jewish community is located in a heavily secured backyard on Friedrichstrasse. Due to the growth from Eastern Europe, the congregation now has over 800 members. There are a total of seven Jewish cemeteries in the city area; Only the Jewish cemetery on Platter Straße is used today.

History of religions

On December 31, 2009, 78,007 (28%) Wiesbadeners belonged to the Protestant Church and 65,495 (24%) to the Roman Catholic Church , while 29,370 (11%) Wiesbadeners were Muslims, the remaining 37% belonged to other religions or no religion. In 1987 there were 9,795 Muslims (four percent) living in Wiesbaden. This makes the Muslims the fastest growing religious community. The proportion of Catholics and Protestants has gradually decreased over the last few decades, from 84% in 1970, through 75%, 55% and 52% in 1987, 2005 and 2009, to 47.5% in 2014, a large one Minority. At the same time, a great religious diversity has developed, also within the Christian denominations: the Russian Orthodox and Greek Orthodox communities as well as the Syrian Orthodox communities have 10,700 potential members. Just the Syriac (also known as Assyrians , Syrians or Chaldeans ) are represented with 7,450 members in Wiesbaden and the surrounding area. 7,000 of them belong to the Syrian Orthodox Church of Antioch , the remaining 450 are supporters of the Assyrian Church of the East . The Wiesbaden Syriacs speak New Eastern Aramaic to this day , most of the Syriacs living in Wiesbaden use the Surayt dialect (also known as Turoyo). A small Wiesbaden Suryoye minority, on the other hand, uses the New East Aramaic Suret dialect. Of the Muslim communities, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jamaat KdöR in particular is actively represented in Wiesbaden. It is considered an Islamic reform community that plans to build the first mosque with a dome and a minaret in Wiesbaden. In Wiesbaden she is best known for her interreligious dialogue events and the charity run “Charity Walk and Run”.

Gallery of religious buildings

The market church , built by Carl Boos as Nassau regional cathedral , is the main Protestant church in the city

The main Catholic church: St. Bonifatius , built by Philipp Hoffmann on Luisenplatz

The Protestant Ringkirche, built by Johannes Otzen in the neo-Romanesque style from 1892 to 1894

The Luther Church is the fourth Protestant church in the city after the Markt, Berg and Ringkirche

Trinity Church and Luther Church

Orange Memorial Church in Biebrich

St. Mauritius Church (patron saint of the city)

Old Catholic Church of Peace

Anglican Church

Russian Orthodox Church , built by Philipp Hoffmann

The neo-Romanesque Maria-Hilf-Church (1895)

Old Synagogue Wiesbaden (destroyed)

Upper floor of the new synagogue built in a back yard on Friedrichstrasse

View from the Römertor to the market church

politics

Administration of the city of Wiesbaden

Neues Rathaus - picture from 1893

New Town Hall on Wiesbaden Palace Square

The administrative structure of the state capital Wiesbaden is based on the Hessian municipal code and the main statute of March 24, 1969, last amended on July 12, 2006. According to this, the city council as the highest organ of local self-government consists of 81 city councilors elected by the city's citizens. The magistrate, as the executive body, takes care of the day-to-day administration of the city and consists of thirteen honorary and up to six full-time city councilors as well as the mayor as the chairman and the mayor as his representative. The main statute regulates the division of the city into 26 local districts and also the boundaries of the five local districts formed in Wiesbaden-Alt as well as the size of the local councils to be elected by the citizens. In addition, an advisory board for foreigners with 31 members will be set up. In addition to the city of Frankfurt am Main , Wiesbaden is also directly subject to the Hessian Ministry of the Interior in terms of municipal supervision under the Hessian municipal code, which is otherwise carried out by the regional council.

For many centuries the mayor and lay judges of the city court were at the head of the city of Wiesbaden . They were assisted by two mayors who represented the actual organ of self-government. Since the 15th century, the mayors often appeared as the actual city councils, but were then replaced by the mayor. In 1775 the city court was given the honorary title of city councilor by Prince Karl Wilhelm von Nassau . However, this later represented the state police headquarters.

In addition to the court, there has also been a council since the 15th century. The mayors received the title of Lord Mayor in Prussian times. Today the mayor is directly elected by the people. The city council , which is also to be elected by the people , has 81 seats since the last local election , which are distributed as follows:

City Council

The city council is the municipal representative of the city of Wiesbaden. The citizens decide on the allocation of the 81 seats every five years.

The local elections on March 6, 2016 produced the following results, compared to previous local elections:

Parties and constituencies		% 2016	Seats 2016	% 2011	Seats 2011	% 2006	Seats 2006	% 2001	Seats 2001
SPD	Social Democratic Party of Germany	25.9	21st	28.9	23	30.2	25th	34.7	28
CDU	Christian Democratic Union of Germany	24.7	20th	32.7	27	36.2	29	36.5	30th
GREEN	Alliance 90 / The Greens	14.1	11	19.1	16	12.1	10	10.2	8th
AfD	Alternative for Germany	12.8	11	-	-	-	-	-	-
FDP	Free Democratic Party	9.8	8th	5.0	4th	9.0	7th	12.0	10
THE LEFT.	THE LEFT.	6.2	5	4.1	3	3.3	3	1.7	1
FOAG	Citizens' list Wiesbaden	1.7	1	3.8	3	3.7	3	-	-
FREE VOTERS	Free voters	1.4	1	1.2	1	-	-	-	-
PIRATES	Pirate Party Germany	1.1	1	2.1	2	-	-	-	-
ULW	Independent list Wiesbaden	1.0	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
ALFA, now LKR	Liberal Conservative Reformers	0.9	1	-	-	-	-	-	-
REP	The Republicans	-	-	2.2	2	5.0	4th	4.9	4th
Others		0.3	0	0.9	0	0.5	0	-	-
total		100.0	81	100.0	81	100.0	81	100.0	81
Voter turnout in%		43.4		41.2		39.6		47.2

Diagram showing the election results and the distribution of seats

Election for the city council 2016

Turnout: 43.4%

%

30th

20th

10

0

25.9

24.7

14.1

12.8

9.8

6.2

1.7

1.4

1.1

2.2

FOAG ^g

Otherwise.

Gains and losses

compared to 2011

% p

14th

12

10

8th

6th

4th

2

0

-2

-4

-6

-8th

-3.0

-8.0

-5.0

+12.8

+4.8

+2.1

-2.1

+0.2

-1.0

-0.9

FOAG ^g

Otherwise.

Remarks:

^g Wiesbaden citizens' list

Left: 5 seats

SPD: 21 seats

Pirates: 1 seat

Greens: 11 seats

FDP: 8 seats

FOAG: 1 seat

FW: 1 seat

CDU: 20 seats

AfD: 11 seats

ULW: 1 seat

LKR: 1 seat

Lord Mayor of the City of Wiesbaden

Gert-Uwe Mende (SPD) is the Lord Mayor of Wiesbaden. The handover took place on June 29, 2019. His predecessors in office are listed below. The current head of the city council is Christa Gabriel (SPD).

1849–1868: Heinrich Fischer , mayor
1868–1882: Wilhelm Lanz , mayor
1882–1883: Christian Schlichter , mayor
1883–1913: Carl Bernhard von Ibell
1913–1919: Karl Glässing
1919–1929: Fritz Travers ( DVP , acting Lord Mayor from 1919 to 1923 )
1930–1933: Georg Krücke (DVP)
1933–1937: Alfred Schulte ( NSDAP )
1937–1945: Erich Mix (NSDAP)
1945–1946: Georg Krücke ( FDP )

1946–1953: Hans Heinrich Redlhammer ( CDU )
1954–1960: Erich Mix (FDP)
1960–1968: Georg Buch ( SPD )
1968–1980: Rudi Schmitt (SPD)
1980–1982: Georg-Berndt Oschatz (CDU)
1982–1985: Hans-Joachim Jentsch (CDU)
1985–1997: Achim Exner (SPD)
1997-2007: Hildebrand Diehl (CDU)
2007-2013: Helmut Müller (CDU)
2013–2019: Sven Gerich (SPD)
2019–: Gert-Uwe Mende (SPD) (since July 2, 2019)

The election of the mayor of Wiesbaden in 2007 received nationwide attention due to the fact that the SPD was unable to present its candidate because it missed a deadline. This was taken up in the following carnival campaign in many lectures and motif floats.

Magistrate of the City of Wiesbaden

The following full-time department heads and honorary members of the magistrate belong to the magistrate of Wiesbaden:

Full-time department heads
Department	title	Surname	Political party
I: Main office, personnel and organization, strategic management, urban research, statistics, city council assembly, sport, auditing, fire brigade, women's representative	Lord Mayor	Gert-Uwe Mende	SPD
II: Order and health	mayor	Oliver Franz	CDU
III: Finance, School and Culture	City council	Axel Imholz	SPD
IV: urban development and construction	City council	Hans-Martin Kessler	CDU
V: Environment and Transport	City council	Andreas Kowol	Alliance 90 / The Greens
VI: Social and Housing	City council	Christoph Manjura	SPD
Honorary members of the magistrate
	Councilor	Helga Brenneis	Green
	City council	Markus Gassner	CDU
	City council	Michael Goebel	AfD
	Councilor	Doris Jentsch	CDU
	City council	Bodo Kaffenberger	LiPi
	City council	Helmut Nehrbaß	SPD
	Councilor	Tilli-Charlotte Reinhardt	Green
	Councilor	Nathalie Meyer	FDP
	City council	Dieter Schlempp	CDU
	City council	Rainer Schuster	SPD
	Councilor	Helga Skolik	CDU
	Councilor	Helga Tomaschky-Fritz	SPD
	City council	Ulrich Winkelmann	FDP
	Councilor	Gabriele Wolf	SPD
	City council	Ivo Wolz	AfD

Finances

On December 31, 2012, the city of Wiesbaden had a debt of 1.46 billion euros (equivalent to 5,374 euros per inhabitant). Measured by the debt level per inhabitant, Wiesbaden was the least indebted independent city in Hesse.

badges and flags

Coat of arms in a loan from the city of Wiesbaden from April 1, 1914

City banner

coat of arms

	Blazon : "The city coat of arms shows three (2/1) golden lilies - the lily is drawn with three rings - in a blue field."
	Justification of the coat of arms: The flowers named fleur-de-lis in heraldry appear for the first time in the city seals in the 16th century and are said to be of French origin. The current form of the coat of arms was officially established in 1906.

flag

The city flag shows three golden (yellow) lilies on a blue cloth.

Partnerships

Wiesbaden maintains the following cities partnerships :

Austria Klagenfurt am Wörthersee , Austria (since 1930)
Switzerland Montreux , Switzerland (since 1953)
Germany Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg District , Berlin , Germany (since 2001; since 1964 with Berlin-Kreuzberg )
Belgium Ghent , Belgium (since 1969)
France Fondettes , France (since 1975) (twin town of the district of Naurod)
Slovenia Ljubljana (Laibach), Slovenia (since 1977)
Turkey Fatih (Istanbul) , Turkey (since September 18, 2012)

Israel Kfar Saba , Israel (since 1981)
Spain Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain (since 1981)
Poland Breslau (Wrocław), Poland (since 1987)
United Kingdom Royal Tunbridge Wells , United Kingdom (since 1989)
Germany Görlitz , Saxony , Germany (since 1990)
Nicaragua Ocotal , Nicaragua (since 1990)

Furthermore, Wiesbaden has been the sponsor city of the displaced Karlovy Vary since 1953 .

Youth parliament

Since December 2009 there has been a youth parliament in Wiesbaden, in which Wiesbaden young people have the opportunity to help shape city politics. It represents the interests of Wiesbaden youth vis-à-vis the city council and its committees, the magistrate and the local councils, and is directly elected for a period of two years. Youngsters from Wiesbaden between the ages of 14 and 21 are entitled to vote. The electoral office sends postal voting documents to this group of people. 31 people can be elected who have not yet reached the age of 20 on election day. The youth parliament has no voting rights in local committees or in the city council. The chairman has been Silas Gottwald since 2016.

Among other things, the Wiesbaden youth parliament carries out the "HUSKJ" project (Hessian Union for the Strengthening of Children and Youth Interests). The aim of this initiative is to unite the Hessian children and youth representatives in an alliance and thus to form a representative voice for the youth of Hesse.

The current electoral period started in March 2018 and ends in February 2020.

Economy and Infrastructure

A total of around 12,000 companies, from craft businesses to larger corporations, are based in Wiesbaden. The Wiesbaden Chamber of Commerce and Industry is responsible for companies in the neighboring Rheingau-Taunus district and in the city of Hochheim am Main. In 2016, Wiesbaden, within its city limits, achieved a gross domestic product of € 17.144 billion, placing it 21st in the ranking of German cities by economic output . In the same year, GDP per capita was € 61,913 per capita (Hesse: € 43,496, Germany € 38,180). The GDP per labor force is € 93,022. In comparison with the purchasing power of Germany, Wiesbaden achieved an index of 114 (Germany: 100) in 2012, which corresponds to a purchasing power of around 23,400 euros per inhabitant, making it the tenth most prosperous city in Germany and the second most affluent city in Hesse after Frankfurt (24,310 euros ), for comparison, Munich has the highest value among the major German cities with around 28,247 euros per inhabitant. Sonnenberg has the highest purchasing power of the city districts with around 32,300 euros per inhabitant.

In 2016, around 184,300 people were employed in the city. Around 125,000 of these were employees subject to social security contributions . Wiesbaden is a destination for commuters . The in- commuter surplus in 2011 was almost 28,000 employees. Most commuters come from the Rheingau-Taunus district, Mainz and the Mainz-Bingen district and thus from the immediate vicinity of the city of Wiesbaden. The majority of the employees in the state capital are employed in the service sector, only 16 percent are employed in manufacturing fabrics. Agriculture and forestry are almost meaningless. The unemployment rate was 6.5% in December 2018 and thus above the Hesse average of 4.3%.

Thermal springs, spa and health care

System of sources

Wiesbaden is famous, among other things, for its many saline thermal springs , which are used for a variety of cures. They are primarily used for rheumatic diseases and catarrhs of the respiratory organs. It is used primarily through spa treatments and exercise therapy, as well as drinking cures and swimming in thermal water.

Kurhaus Wiesbaden at night

The Kochbrunnen jumper

Aukamm thermal baths

In the city center there are still 14 hot springs with temperatures between 46 and 66 ° C. With a daily yield of around 2 million liters, Wiesbaden is the second most fertile German spa (for comparison: Aachen comes first with 3.5 million liters a day). Baths have been in operation in the city since Roman times , and some springs are still open to the public, such as the Kochbrunnen (66 ° C), which is the most productive source with almost 500,000 liters a day. The Roman-Irish Kaiser-Friedrich-Therme with sauna area is supplied by the Adlerquelle (64.4 ° C, 167 l per minute), as is the Aukammtal thermal bath . There are also private bathhouses, now usually hotels, that operate thermal baths ( Schwarzer Bock , Nassauer Hof and Goldenes Ross , the former Rose and Bären hotels ). In addition to the Kochbrunnen there are some other public drinking places such as the Bäckerbrunnen (49 ° C, 65 l per minute) and Wiesbaden's 15th source, the Faulbrunnen (14-17 ° C, 27 l per minute), which derives its name from sulfur compounds owes its typical smell, but is not called a thermal bath due to its low temperature .

Visitors such as Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , Fjodor Dostojewski , Richard Wagner , Johannes Brahms or Alexej von Jawlensky stopped in Wiesbaden because of the sources and the casino . Emil Minlos moved here from Berlin due to health reasons.

After the First World War, when Wiesbaden lost its reputation as a world spa town, the previously predominant spa was converted to the clinic as an amusement facility . In 1937 a new boiling fountain water dispensing point was set up in the Kurhaus Kolonnade on Bowling Green. This was reopened in 1952 after being destroyed by the Second World War, but no longer exists today.

Today there are numerous rehabilitation and special clinics. From general medical hospitals to private cosmetic clinics, there are 18 in total. The best known is certainly the German Clinic for Diagnostics . It opened on April 2, 1970 near the new spa district. This new spa district is grouped around the city's spacious thermal baths with outdoor pools in the Aukamm Valley , which are supplied with thermal water via a pipeline from the Quellenviertel. There are large rehabilitation clinics and numerous specialist and private clinics. However, the largest clinic has been closed for more than 10 years.

The major general medical hospitals are the Helios Dr. Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden (HSK) near the Dotzheimer Großwohnsiedlung Schelmengraben, the St. Josefs-Hospital in the east and the Asklepios Paulinen Klinik in the southwest of the inner city. The latter was founded in 1856 as the Nassau Deaconess Mother House Paulinenstiftung at the suggestion of the Duchess of Nassau, Pauline von Württemberg , and converted into the Paulinenstift hospital in 1896 .

Drinking water supply

The market fountain from 1753 in front of the old town hall

Access to the Kreuzstollen in the Taunus

Wiesbaden's wealth of thermal and mineral springs also caused a lack of good drinking water within the walls of the medieval city. Their springs gave only warm and salty water. Drinking water had to be fetched into the city from a well in the field markings. The market fountain on Schlossplatz was built in 1564/66 when a water pipe made of hollowed out tree trunks (so-called dyke ) was laid from one of the field fountains into the city. However, the maintenance effort for the putrefactive pipe exceeded the financial means of the citizens, so that the water quality of this first fountain within the city walls mostly left something to be desired if it did not run dry anyway. After the devastation of the Thirty Years War , it took decades for the market fountain to flow again. In 1753 the market fountain was rebuilt by the citizens in the shape known today, but still with a wooden and thus repair-prone supply line of 3060 Schuh in length (872.1 meters).

Finally, in 1810, cast iron pipes from the Michelbacher Hütte were laid. The city treasury had to pay the costs for this for 15 years. In 1821 the growing demand for water in the growing city was taken into account with a pipe from Kisselborn to feed a further nine fountains. The line led around six kilometers from the Kisselborn forest district , which is 420 meters above sea level directly below the Platte hunting lodge built a few years later , into the city center. More wells were drawn and led into the city, but this could not meet the needs of the emerging city, especially in dry years, satisfactorily.

Finally, in the years 1875 to 1910, the water-bearing quartzite veins of the Taunus ridge ( Münzbergstollen, Schläferskopfstollen, Kreuzstollen and Kellerskopfstollen ) were drilled with four deep mining tunnels with a total length of 11.5 kilometers . These tunnels finally offered a crisis-proof water supply with the best drinking water quality . Together they can deliver a maximum of 22,000 cubic meters per day.

At the same time, further sources of supply were sought and found in the Rhine meadows near Schierstein. The Schierstein waterworks was built here in several stages of expansion since 1901 . There, groundwater is pumped and, between 1924 and 2017, surface water from the Rhine is fed into the groundwater by means of suction wells in order to then pump it again. Since 2016 it has been connected to the waterworks on the Petersaue by a pipe .

As a third mainstay of the water supply, there has been a connection to the Hessian Ried since 1969 via a pipeline 55 kilometers in length to the Jägersburger Wald waterworks near Einhausen . Up to 20,000 cubic meters are delivered from here every day.

Hessenwasser GmbH & Co. KG is responsible for the water supply of Wiesbaden today .

traffic

Road traffic

Motorways and federal highways around Wiesbaden

The Wiesbaden / Mainz urban area is part of the environmental zone (only green sticker since February 1, 2013).

The A 66 motorway from the Rheingau in the direction of Frankfurt am Main runs through the southern urban area of Wiesbaden in a west-east direction . From there, the A 643 to Mainz branch off at the Schiersteiner Kreuz and the A 671 to Hochheim am Main at the Mainzer Straße junction . In the East, touching A 3 the urban area. Cologne and Frankfurt am Main Airport can be reached on this motorway via the Wiesbadener Kreuz junction. The following federal highways run through the city: B 40 , B 43 , B 54 , B 262 , B 263 , B 417 and B 455 .

An environmental zone has existed together with the neighboring city of Mainz since February 1, 2013 . It is the first transnational environmental zone and, after Frankfurt, the second in Hesse. In order to escape a diesel driving ban , a new digital traffic light system is to be put into operation by the end of 2020 in cooperation with Siemens Mobility .

Bicycle traffic

Inner-city bike traffic is sparse, bike lanes and cycle lanes are rare. Most road users consider cycling in Wiesbaden to be dangerous. In a comparison of cities in the 2016 and 2018 cycle climate tests, the city ranks last.

Wiesbaden is connected to numerous cycle paths, including the Rhine cycle path (runs as a European EuroVelo route from the source of the Rhine to the North Sea).

Rail transport

The neo-baroque building of Wiesbaden main station

The Wiesbaden Central Station was opened south of the center in 1906 and replaced the Ludwig station , the Rhine railway station and the Taunus station . Another ten stations are in operation in the districts . Wiesbaden is connected to the Rhein-Main S-Bahn network. The main station is the final stop of the S-Bahn lines S1, S8 and S9 from Frankfurt / Offenbach / Hanau . In addition, the right Rhine route leads from Wiesbaden via Rüdesheim to Koblenz and the Ländchesbahn via the suburbs of Erbenheim , Igstadt and Auringen / Medenbach to Niedernhausen with a connection to Limburg an der Lahn . Wiesbaden has been connected to the ICE network since the Cologne – Rhine / Main high-speed line was completed in 2002 . Aside from the main train station, there are also the passenger stations and stops Auringen-Medenbach , Biebrich , Erbenheim , Igstadt , Kastel , Ost and Schierstein .

Transportation

ESWE city bus

ESWE Verkehrsgesellschaft mbH serves local public transport , as well as Mainz mobility (and subcontractors) via network links , as well as other regional transport providers. The bus lane is a Wiesbaden invention. From here it spread all over the world. Wiesbaden was the first German city and the first major city in the world to switch inner-city transport from trams to buses in 1929. In 1955 the tram service was finally stopped (see Tram Wiesbaden ). Wiesbaden is now the second largest German city (after Münster ) that has neither a tram nor a subway.

In 1998, an idea for a Wiesbaden light rail to complement the bus network and connection to Bad Schwalbach was introduced and found both supporters and opponents. The project was frozen in 2001 and has been back on the agenda since 2011.

A report appeared in the Frankfurter Rundschau on November 16, 2012, from which it emerged that the SPD considered it possible that 20 buses a day could be saved by building the new light rail. The future tram is to run across the city of Wiesbaden from Klarenthal / Kohlheck via the main station to Hasengartenstrasse. According to an updated report from the summer of 2012, Sigrid Möricke (SPD), head of the transport department, is also convinced that this tram route would make sense in every respect. This means that 20 buses a day could be saved on the route, which is already heavily used by buses and cars, and experts estimate that 8,000 commuters would abandon their cars every working day and take the new tram instead. This is necessary because, due to the increase in residents, the flow of commuters will also increase significantly in the future. According to the Mayor candidate Christiane Hinninger of the Greens, the mobility of people in Wiesbaden could only be faster and more comfortable with the tram. The bus system has reached its maximum limit with 50 million passengers annually. A colleague of the Greens, Claus-Peter Große, made it clear that the project was still eligible for funding despite doubts from other sides.

The first of 56 battery buses ordered by EvoBus (Daimler-Benz) have been in service since December 2019 . The delivery of four fuel cell buses that run on hydrogen was canceled in January 2020 because the Polish manufacturer Autosan was unable to deliver.

In Wiesbaden there is also the Nerobergbahn , a funicular operated with water ballast .

Wiesbaden, Mainz and the communities of Walluf , Hochheim , Ginsheim-Gustavsburg and Zornheim form a tariff area within the Rhein-Main-Verkehrsverbund (RMV). For connections from and into the area of the Rhein-Nahe-Nahverkehrsverbund (RNN) these tariffs can also be used up to Wiesbaden.

Air traffic

Wiesbaden is about 25 kilometers from the Frankfurt am Main airport air traffic hub . In the district of Heritage Home is located airfield Heritage Home , a military airfield the US Army . Located near the city is the WBD radio beacon of an international air route .

Inland shipping

Aerial view of the banks of the Rhine in Wiesbaden-Biebrich with the Biebrich Castle

Wiesbaden lies on the federal waterways Rhine and Main. In the local district Schierstein is the Schiersteiner harbor , while in Biebrich can be applied only to the quay wall. In the summer half of the year, ships from various passenger shipping companies operate. Opposite Gustavsburg in the Main is the Kostheim lock, the lock with the highest volume of vehicles in Europe. The former raft harbor in a branch of the Main estuary, which separates the Maaraue from the mainland, was used for rafting until the 1960s and suffers from silting. Today there is a floating hall for the patrol boats of the water police station on the Maaraue as well as various smaller private boats.

tourism

The visual guidance system within the city is designed primarily for use by pedestrians.

Tourism, combined with its function as a spa, congress and state capital, offers a not inconsiderable economic factor, even if it is not a determining element. The number of overnight stays in 2016 was 1.25 million overnight stays. The number of day tourists is around 11.5 million. For comparison: Berlin : approx. 20 million; Frankfurt am Main : 6 million; Bremen : 1.8 million; Heidelberg : 1.02 million. The average length of stay of the guests in Wiesbaden was two and a half days.

There are around 7133 beds available in 77 hotels and guest houses. The youth hostel at Elsässer Platz is one of the largest in Germany and has 220 beds. There are also three campsites with 6,400 guests or 11,800 overnight stays per year.

Tourist routes

The Rheingau Riesling Route leads from Flörsheim-Wicker via Hochheim through the southern urban area into the Rheingau to Lorchhausen . The Rheinsteig from Wiesbaden-Biebrich to Bonn, opened in 2005, touches all castles on the right side of the Middle Rhine. The Bäderstraße begins in Wiesbaden . It leads via Bad Schwalbach and Schlangenbad to Bad Ems an der Lahn .

Long -distance cycle paths : The riverside paths of the Rhine and Main are accessible via the Hessian long -distance cycle path R3 ( Rüdesheim am Rhein - Tann (Rhön) ), the Main cycle path and the Rhine cycle path on the right bank of the Rhine . The Rhine Cycle Path makes a detour from Wiesbaden-Biebrich to the city center, but is not fully signposted. The Hessian long-distance cycle route R6 (Bad Arolsen ( Diemelstadt ) - Rosengarten (Lampertheim) ) touches the eastern districts and crosses the Main in Mainz-Kostheim.

During the summer months, always on Sundays and public holidays, the Nassau Tourist Railway opens up the Taunus for day trippers and hikers with museum vehicles on the Aartalbahn to Bad Schwalbach and Hohenstein, which was closed in 1983 . The Chausseehaus , Eiserne Hand , Hahn-Wehen , Bleidenstadt , Bad Schwalbach , Breithardt and Hohenstein stations can currently be reached from Wiesbaden-Dotzheim train station . Due to defective systems, train traffic has been suspended since 2009 until further notice.

The route of industrial culture Rhein-Main includes the valley floor (industrial history between Neroberg and Salzbachtal) and the river route (industrial history between Schierstein and Mainz-Kostheim).

The German half-timbered road runs through the western part of the city: from Hochheim via Eltville to Idstein and Limburg an der Lahn .

Film and media

The book Hollywood am Kochbrunnen (1995) deals with Wiesbaden's film and television history. Accordingly, the silent film Das Schloss des Schreckens (1919) by German film pioneer Georg Dengel, made in Wiesbaden-Biebrich , is considered to be the origin of Wiesbaden's history as a film city.

Deutsches Filmhaus of the Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau Foundation in Murnaustraße 6

Numerous media companies have or had their headquarters in Wiesbaden. The Unter den Eichen location is an example : After the Second World War, AFIFA (a subsidiary of UFA ) was there. A large number of German post-war films were produced in the film studios. In 1964, the ZDF began broadcasting there and stayed there until 1984. Taunusfilm GmbH operated the site until 2010, carried out numerous television productions there and is still represented there by ABC & TaunusFilm Kopierwerk GmbH . Today the site is home to various media companies as well as the "Mediencampus" of the RheinMain University of Applied Sciences with the Department of Computer Science Media Design and the courses in Communication Design, Interior Design, Media Management and Media Computer Science , and since 2002 also the non-commercial local broadcaster Radio Rheinwelle .

Wiesbaden is also of supraregional importance as the seat of film associations and institutions. The central organization of the film industry (SPIO) is located in the Hessian state capital, as is the voluntary self-regulation of the film industry (FSK) or the film evaluation office (FBW). The same goes for the Friedrich Wilhelm Murnau Foundation , which administers, maintains and maintains a large part of the German film heritage , as well as the archive of the German Film Institute .

The goEast Festival of Central and Eastern European Films takes place in the city every year . The main venues for the screenings are the festival cinema Caligari and the Villa Clementine . This was founded in 2001 by the German Film Institute and is one of the FIAPF-accredited film festivals .

The Hessischer Rundfunk maintains a television and radio studio directly in the Wiesbaden state parliament . In addition, the editorial office of the television magazine “defacto” is located nearby. The private radio station Hit Radio FFH operates a regional studio not far from the state parliament .

The city broadcaster TV-Wiesbaden has been broadcasting a regional program in Wiesbaden since February 20, 2007.

In addition, numerous publishers are based in the city (including Deutscher Genossenschafts-Verlag , Verlag Dr. Th. Gabler , VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften , Breitkopf & Härtel and Springer Vieweg ), as well as the Römerweg publishing house .

The daily newspapers Wiesbadener Kurier and Wiesbadener Tagblatt appear in Wiesbaden .

education

RheinMain University of Applied Sciences, Bleichstrasse building

Hessenkolleg on Alexandrastrasse

Adult Education Center in the Europaviertel on Schiersteiner Strasse

Wiesbaden is home to a university of applied sciences, the RheinMain University of Applied Sciences . It was founded in 1971 through the merger of engineering schools in Geisenheim , Idstein and Rüsselsheim am Main as well as the Werkkunstschule Wiesbaden and is a state university of the State of Hesse. Of the total of around 12,800 students at the university, around 9,150 come from Wiesbaden.

The administrative college, which was formerly located on the main campus of the university, has been called " Hessian University for Police and Administration (HfPV)" since January 1, 2011 and has its headquarters in Schönbergstr. 100 in Wiesbaden-Kohlheck.

When the European Business School (EBS), based in Oestrich-Winkel and Wiesbaden, opened a second faculty (the EBS Law School) in June 2010, it renamed itself the EBS University of Economics and Law . Around 1,800 students are enrolled at EBS. With the start of teaching at the Law School in September 2011, EBS University of Economics and Law was awarded state recognition as a university by the Hessian Ministry of Science and Art. The state capital Wiesbaden thus became a university city. EBS Universität für Wirtschaft und Recht has received institutional accreditation from the Science Council . This academic seal of quality is awarded to non-state universities whose performance in teaching and research corresponds to recognized scientific standards.

The business premises of the private university were located in the Schierstein district until 2010 . The law school and the university management are to move into a new building in the Richtstrasse 2 in the Wiesbaden-Mitte district. However, it is not yet clear by when and in what form the construction project will be implemented. Until then, they will be housed near Wiesbaden Central Station in the so-called atrium house, which had been vacant for more than ten years and was specially acquired and renovated by the state capital Wiesbaden for 8.5 million euros. The business school will remain in Oestrich-Winkel.

In 1995 the Hochschule Fresenius moved from Wiesbaden to Idstein . In March 2019, she returned to Wiesbaden with a new campus on Moritzstrasse. The Helios Dr. As a municipal hospital, Horst Schmidt Kliniken Wiesbaden is an academic teaching hospital of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz .

The size of the educational offer is evident in the over one hundred state and private schools. In addition to 40 primary schools, there are 23 vocational schools , twelve grammar schools , seven secondary schools , seven secondary schools , nine special schools and seven comprehensive schools .

A special feature is the Hessenkolleg Wiesbaden , which opens the general higher education entrance qualification (Abitur) in adult education .

Roncalli House, Friedrichstrasse

Adult education is also served by the courses offered by the Wiesbaden Adult Education Center and Catholic adult education with the Wiesbaden, Rheingau and Untertaunus educational institutions, located in the Roncalli House. Wiesbaden is also a “corporate sponsoring member” of the Max Planck Society .

Service company

Wiesbaden as part of the Rhine-Main area is primarily a service city , also due to the high administrative share as the state capital. Companies such as the IT service providers CSC Germany or SVA , Ferrari Germany (Schierstein) or Norwegian Cruise Line (Erbenheim) can also be found here .

Financial services

The traditionally important sectors in Wiesbaden include financial services, especially insurance. Around 10% of all employees work in this area. In addition to private financial institutions, several top organizations of the savings banks and cooperative banks have their headquarters in Wiesbaden.

The city is the headquarters of the real estate financier Aareal Bank , a credit institute listed in the MDAX , and the Bürgschaftsbank Hessen. Furthermore, the German headquarters of Ikano Bank is here . The development bank WIBank has a location in the city . DBV-Winterthur Insurance , which is now part of the Axa Group , and InterRisk Insurance, which is part of the Vienna Insurance Group, are based in the city. In addition, there are several commercial supplementary pension funds on site.

With the Nassau Savings Bank (Naspa) has one of the largest and most traditional German savings banks with more than 2,000 employees, has its headquarters in Wiesbaden since 1840th The Wiesbaden branch of SV SparkassenVersicherung , which emerged from the Nassauische Brandversicherungsanstalt of 1767 and the Hessen-Nassauische Versicherungsanstalten, has 800 employees and is the second largest location of the new company next to the headquarters in Stuttgart . The online broker of the Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe S Broker is also based here.

The Wiesbadener Volksbank with over 500 employees is based in the city. The city's largest private employer, with around 3900 employees, is R + V Versicherung , which, along with other addresses, had built a high-rise for its corporate headquarters in Wiesbaden am Kureck. In 2008 the company laid the foundation stone for a new office building with 1,300 workplaces on John-F.-Kennedy-Straße (renamed Raiffeisenplatz in 2011). After its completion, the employees from Kureck moved here in 2010. The German cooperative publishing house is also located in the city.

Charitable and non-profit structures

Salvation Army men's dormitory in Schwarzenbergstrasse

In Wiesbaden, the Evangelical Association for Inner Mission in Nassau (EVIM) and Caritas operate several facilities for inpatient care and care for the elderly. The Johannesstift operates a youth welfare center . In addition to the German Red Cross , which operates a hospital, the Arbeiter-Samariter-Bund is active with a rescue station. The German Lifesaving Society operates stations on the banks of the Rhine. A Wiesbaden table was set up. The Salvation Army operates a men's dormitory for the homeless in the city. The Nassau Fire Brigade Association has been based in Wiesbaden since it was founded on July 27, 1872.

Organizations

Furthermore, Wiesbaden is the seat of numerous other organizations, such as the Society for the German Language or the Schufa . Of the parties represented in the state parliament, the CDU , the SPD, the FDP and Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen have set up their state offices in Wiesbaden.

Manufacturing

Headquarters of the SGL Carbon Group in the former Söhnlein sparkling wine cellar

The share of the processing industry has continuously declined in the last few decades, it now accounts for a little less than a third of Wiesbaden's economic output.

Noteworthy are Abbott and AbbVie (Delkenheim), Kion Group ( Mainz-Kostheim ), the Henkell & Co. Sektkellerei or Federal Mogul (Schierstein). The Swedish SCA Group continues to produce hygiene papers at the location in Mainz-Kostheim, which was founded by Hubert Anton Disch in 1885 as a wood-cellulose factory and later taken over by Zellstoff Waldhof (brand name Zewa ). Erbenheim and Nordenstadt are locations of Smiths Heimann GmbH , a leading international company for X-ray inspection systems that are used at airports. A subsidiary of the Bilfinger Group, Bilfinger Construction GmbH , has its head office in Wiesbaden, as does EDAG , the development partner of the automotive and aviation industry . Wiesbaden was also the location of one of the Group's predecessor companies, Julius Berger Tiefbau AG .

On the Rhine there are traditional industrial sites such as the Dyckerhoff company premises with the Dyckerhoffbruch limestone quarry , which is gradually being filled as a landfill ( Mainz-Amöneburg ). Furthermore, the approximately one square kilometer industrial park Kalle-Albert (Biebrich and Mainz-Amöneburg) operated by InfraServ Wiesbaden , in which SE Tylose Deutschland and around 80 other companies have settled in addition to the main factory of the Kalle Group . Not far from this industrial park is the headquarters of SGL Carbon , one of the leading graphite manufacturers.

Agriculture, wine and sparkling wine

Neroberg with vineyard, Monopteros, Opelbad and Russian Orthodox Church

Henkell-Schlösschen in Biebrich

The largest agricultural operation is the Mechtildshausen domain near Erbenheim.

In terms of wine law, the urban area is part of the Rheingau , the largest Hessian wine-growing area , the core area of which is the Rheingau region west of the city, but Rheingau wine also grows east of Wiesbaden. Wine is grown on around 222 hectares of vineyards in the districts of Frauenstein (75 hectares), Dotzheim (10 hectares), Schierstein (60 hectares) and Kostheim (73 hectares) as well as on the Neroberg single site (4 hectares) belonging to the city center .

Frauenstein, with the Herrnberg vineyard, borders directly on the Rheingau. The Dotzheimer wine grows in the Judenkirch location (sometimes the spelling Judenkirsch can be found on the bottle labels ). In Schierstein the situation is hell . In Kostheim the vineyards are called St. Kiliansberg , Steig and Weiß Erd . The vineyards are cultivated by many medium-sized winemakers. The Neroberg, which was managed by the winery of the state capital Wiesbaden, has been leased to the Hessian state winery Kloster Eberbach since 2005 .

During the Rheingau Wine Week , the Schlossplatz at the old town hall and the Dern'sche area will become the “largest wine bar in the world” for ten days, according to the organizer, when wineries from all wine-growing communities in the Rheingau serve their wines and sparkling wines to the public.

With Henkell & Co. Sektkellerei KG , a well-known producer of German sparkling wine has its headquarters and production site in Wiesbaden.

The cultural and especially the gastronomic life in Wiesbaden is more strongly influenced by wine and sparkling wine than in other major German cities.

Public facilities

The Hessian state parliament has its seat in the former Nassau city palace on Schlossplatz

Main building of the Federal Criminal Police Office

Wiesbaden has been the state capital of Hesse since 1945 ; all constitutional bodies of the state of Hesse are located here, with the exception of the Hessian Court of Audit. These include the Hessian state parliament and the Hessian state government with the Hessian State Chancellery as the seat of the Hessian Prime Minister and the eight state ministries . Last but not least, the State Court of Hesse as a constitutional court and the Hessian data protection officer have their seat here.

Wiesbaden is the location of several federal authorities: in 1951 the Federal Criminal Police Office (BKA) was the first federal authority to move to Wiesbaden. In 1956 the high-rise building for the Federal Statistical Office (Destatis) was completed near Wiesbaden Central Station . In 1973 the Federal Institute for Population Research was founded. In 2003, a dispute broke out between politicians and citizens' groups about the planned move of the Federal Criminal Police Office to Berlin , but this did not materialize. After the establishment of the Bundeswehr , Wiesbaden also became the location of a military area administration and a district army replacement office , which were dissolved as part of the Bundeswehr reform. Today, in addition to the Hesse State Command, a branch of the Federal Office for Infrastructure, Environmental Protection and Bundeswehr Services has its headquarters in the city.

Furthermore, also the country's police headquarters , the Hessian state police , the police headquarters West Hesse , the Hessian Police Academy (until December 2009: Hessian Police Academy), the Bureau of Engineering, Logistics and Management , the Hessian riot police bureau, the State Office for the Protection of the Constitution of Hesse , the Hessian Office Supply and social affairs, the Hessian State Statistical Office , the Hessian State Office for Soil Management and Geoinformation , the headquarters of Hessen Mobil , the Hessian State Archive, the Hessian Main State Archive , the State Office for Monument Preservation Hesse , the Hessian State Office for Nature Conservation, Environment and Geology and some branches of the Darmstadt Regional Council their seat in the city.

In Wiesbaden there is a local court and regional court , a public prosecutor, an administrative court , labor court and social court in a jointly used justice center. There is a correctional facility for juvenile prisoners in Holzstrasse .

Two central municipal associations have their headquarters in Wiesbaden: the Hessian City Association and the Hessian District Association .

The self-governing bodies of the professions include the Hesse Chamber of Engineers , the Hesse Chamber of Architects and Urban Planners, the Wiesbaden Chamber of Crafts , whose district extends from the Main-Kinzig district in the east to the Rheingau-Taunus district in the west and the Wiesbaden Chamber of Commerce and Industry for the Wiesbaden, Hochheim and Rheingau-Taunus district. As one of the statutory accident insurances, the printing and paper processing trade association has its head office in Wiesbaden.

The fire brigade of the city of Wiesbaden is a professional fire brigade and as such is responsible for non-police security in the city. It employs 302 civil servants, who are distributed in 49-man shifts to three fire stations in the city, plus 600 volunteers in the 20 volunteer fire departments and over 360 junior staff in the youth fire departments . There are also six plant fire brigades in Wiesbaden with a total of 107 employees, but they do not belong to the Wiesbaden fire brigade .

US military facilities

Aerial view of the US Air Force 's Erbenheim airfield near Wiesbaden-Erbenheim

Entrance of the Erbenheim military airfield

Amelia Earhart Complex on Konrad-Adenauer-Ring

Several areas of the outskirts near the city center are or have been used as US military bases. The 58th Army Aviation Regiment and the 66th Brigade of the military secret service are located on the grounds of the Erbenheim military airfield . In addition to the airfield, there are currently military posts in the Amelia Earhart Complex in Wiesbaden . The US Army Corps of Engineers - Europe resides there . There is also the Mainz-Kastel Storage Station and the American Arms Office Tower in the city.

After the headquarters of the American Forces Network moved from Frankfurt am Main to Mannheim to Coleman Barracks in May 2004 , a regional studio was set up on the airfield (AFN-Hessen) to provide radio and news to the soldiers stationed in Wiesbaden and the surrounding area to supply.

The northeastern US housings Aukamm , Crestview and Hainerberg Village still serve as residential areas for the American armed forces at the Erbenheim military airfield .

Up until 1973, Camp Lindsey in Wiesbaden was the home of the US Air Force 's European headquarters . The Americans withdrew from Camp Lindsey , Camp Pieri in Dotzheim, and the US military hospital in the southwestern city center in 1993.

The city planners subjected these former barracks to a conversion with the aim of future civil use. After the Americans left Camp Lindsey , today's Europaviertel , one of the three Wiesbaden locations of the Federal Criminal Police Office , the adult education center and several municipal authorities, as well as commercial space and a large number of newly built, modern condominiums can be found there . One of the college's student residences is located in the buildings of Camp Pieri . The US hospital became a government center for authorities with certain external security requirements, such as the police, prosecutors and the protection of the Constitution.

The US government announced in 2004/05 that the US armed forces would be reorganized as part of the transformation process in Europe. Over the years and the planning it was announced that the headquarters of the US Army Europe were to be relocated from Heidelberg to Wiesbaden. It was decided to expand the area at the airfield by 41 ha. The city of Wiesbaden has agreed to make these areas available to the US armed forces. As a result of this decision, work began on modernizing the infrastructure of the military facilities in 2009. At the end of 2009, the construction of a new housing area in the southern area of the airfield began. In the spring of 2010, construction began on the new command and control center on the parade ground of the airfield. This restructuring will increase the number of soldiers stationed in Wiesbaden. The restructuring of the Wiesbaden location is to last until 2012/13 ^{[out of date]} .

A new “Consolidated Intelligence Center” for the US Army is currently being built in Wiesbaden, which the NSA will also use.

Attractions

Palace Square

Aerial view of the city center with the city palace, palace square, town hall and market church (from left)

Wiesbaden Palace Square: on the left the old town hall , on the right the former city palace of the Nassau dukes, today the seat of the Hessian state parliament

As the center of the historical old town within the historical pentagon , the Schlossplatz forms the nucleus of the medieval Wiesbaden and an ensemble of historical buildings. The oldest preserved building in the city center is located here, the Old Town Hall , built between 1608 and 1610, which today serves as a registry office, as well as the New Town Hall built by Georg von Hauberrisser from 1884 to 1887 .

The north side of the square is dominated by the former city palace of the Nassau dukes from the years 1837 to 1842, whose preserved historic interior contrasts with its simple exterior. During Wiesbaden's time as a world spa town, Kaiser Wilhelm II used the city palace as a residence during his numerous stays. Today the Hessian Landtag is housed here. The associated plenary hall is located in the inner courtyard.

The Evangelical Market Church , built by Carl Boos from 1853 to 1862 , with its five towers, of which the 98 m high main tower is still the tallest building in the city, was named Nassau State Cathedral, based on the model of Schinkel's Friedrichswerder Church in Berlin, the largest brick building in Nassau built.

The eastern right-angled end of the Schlossplatz was formed by the secondary school for girls , built by Felix Genzmer from 1898 to 1901 . It was destroyed in the Second World War, as was the roof and the front corners of the New Town Hall . At the back of the New Town Hall and the Market Church is the historic market cellar , which is crowned by the market column . The city museum has been located in the market cellar since September 2016. In front of it is the newly designed Dern'sche area , where the Wiesbaden weekly market takes place on Wednesdays and Saturdays . In addition, the Dern'sche area is often used for open-air and circus events.

Wilhelmstrasse and Kureck

The elegant, splendid boulevard of the spa town: Wilhelmstrasse

The spa gardens around 1900

Das Kureck, Taunusstraße, Kranzplatz and Kochbrunnenplatz

The elegant Wilhelmstrasse runs along the eastern edge of the historic pentagon . In addition to posh shops and cafés, there is the State Museum , the Nassau Art Association , which specializes in young contemporary art, the Erbprinzenpalais (now a Chamber of Commerce and Industry ) built between 1813 and 1817, and the Villa Clementine , which became the scene of the Wiesbaden prince robbery in 1888 and later a backdrop for the TV adaptation of Thomas Mann's " Buddenbrooks ". The Wilhelmstrasse Festival (officially: “Theatrium”), held annually at the beginning of June, is the largest street festival in Germany.

The Warmer Damm landscape park was laid out on the east side of Wilhelmstrasse in 1860 . The Söhnlein Villa , which is also known as the “White House” because of its Washington model, is located on Paulinenstrasse to the east .

The so-called Kureck is located at the northern end of Wilhelmstrasse . The centerpiece is the bowling green , a rectangular green area with two imposing cascade fountains, which is surrounded by a horseshoe-shaped ensemble of buildings: the eye-catcher in the east is the Kurhaus , built by Friedrich von Thiersch between 1905 and 1907 , which houses the casino , among other things . Behind the Kurhaus , the about 6.5 hectares, modeled extends English gardens created spa . To the north of the bowling green are the Kurhaus colonnades , the longest columned hall in Europe with a length of 129 m. Opposite her are the theater colonnades with the Hessian State Theater , which opened in 1894 . On the other side of Wilhelmstrasse , opposite the bowling green , there is a monument to Kaiser Friedrich III. as well as the noble hotel Nassauer Hof .

Very close to the bowling green , the Kranzplatz is right next to the Kochbrunnenplatz with the Kochbrunnen temple . The cooking well with a capacity of about 500,000 gallons per day and a temperature of 67 ° C, the most abundant Wiesbaden thermal source. In the former pump room on the western edge of the square there is now a restaurant. Some of Wiesbaden's grand hotels are grouped around the square: for example the oldest hotel in Germany, the “ Schwarze Bock ” founded in 1486 , the former “Palasthotel” - it was the first ever with a room telephone - and the “Hotel Rose”, which has been in since September 2004 the Hessian State Chancellery resides.

Other inner city

The Ringkirche : prototype of the Wiesbaden program

Not far from Kranzplatz is the historic Kaiser-Friedrich-Bad from 1913, a Roman-Irish bath that is supplied with water from the thermal springs, as well as the Roman gate , where the remains of the Roman pagan wall are preserved.

The Adolfsallee and their extension Adolfstraße , leading from the south to the classical Luisenplatz with the Waterloo Obelisk as a monument to the Nassau fallen of the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. In the visual axis of the square stands at its head end, the Catholic Church of St. Boniface in neo-Gothic style with its two 68 m high towers. It was built from 1844 to 1849. At Luisenplatz , under which an underground car park was built in 1984 and which was then rebuilt based on the historical model, is also the seat of the Hessian Ministry of Culture.

On the southern edge of Luisenplatz , Rheinstraße runs west towards the Ringkirche , built by Johannes Otzen from 1892 to 1894 , with its 65 m high twin tower. In this building, the revolutionary " Wiesbaden Program " was implemented for the first time , which was trend-setting for Protestant church building in Germany up to the First World War. The Hessian State Library with 600,000 volumes and a historical reading room, the Hessian Ministry of Science and Art and the head office of the Nassauische Sparkasse are also located on Rheinstrasse .

The Bahnhofstrasse connects the new City Hall and Market Church on Castle Square with the central station . The terminal station with ten tracks and its 40 m high clock tower in red sandstone was built between 1904 and 1906 in the neo-baroque style . The ring road , which was laid out around 1900, is lined with trees and has magnificent facades, and begins at the station . At the corner of Moritzstrasse is the State House , which today houses the Hessian Ministry of Economics, Transport and State Development. On Gutenbergplatz , in the back of the state house, is the Luther Church , which was built in the Art Nouveau style and also according to the principles of the Wiesbaden program .

Outside the city center

(Order clockwise)

The Nerobergbahn opened in 1888

The baroque Biebrich Castle with its park: former residence of the Dukes of Nassau

The Russian Church on the Neroberg

From northern downtown Nerotal you can reach with the 1888 built Nerobergbahn - one operated by water ballast funicular - the 245 m high mountain town of Wiesbaden, Neroberg . The Russian Church (also known locally as the “Greek Chapel”) with its gilded domes rises here next to the municipal winery . Next to it is the Russian cemetery with the graves of the painter Alexej von Jawlensky and the teacher and writer August Theodor von Grimm . From the Neroberg with its Monopteros and the Opelbad there is a beautiful view of the city center as far as the Rhine.

On the Taunus -Anhöhe plate is the former classical hunting lodge plate , the Duke Wilhelm I. was built in the early 19th century. In 1945 it was destroyed in an air raid. As a secured ruin and provided with a glass weather protection roof, it is used today as a venue for celebrations.

The Sonnenberg Castle in the Sonnenberg district dates from the 13th century and rises on a rock in the middle of a narrow valley. From its tower you can see the largely preserved city wall of Sonnenberg.

The octagonal central building of the baroque village church of Naurod on the north-eastern edge of the Wiesbaden city area dates from the early 18th century .

The Nikolauskirche in the Bierstadt district , a Romanesque hall church with a tower from the 12th century, is the oldest church in Wiesbaden.

In the Mainz-Kastel district, the foundation of the “Germanicus Arch” can be seen in the Museum Römischer Ehrenbogen . This arch of honor was built in 19 AD in memory of the general Germanicus Julius Caesar, son of Drusus , and was over 20 m high and more than 12 m wide. On Kasteler Rhine is the 1832 Built as a fortress of the German Confederation to 1833 Reduit . It houses the Castellum Museum with exhibits from several epochs of local history, including Roman times ( Castellum Mattiacorum ). In the north of Kastel is the round tower of the Erbenheimer Warte, built in 1497 as part of the Kasteler Landwehr , and the Fort Biehler .

The Mosbacher Sande , named after the former village of Mosbach between Wiesbaden and Biebrich, are found around 600,000 years old Ice Age animals. Part of the site is located in the closed area of the Dyckerhoffbruch in the Wiesbaden district of Mainz-Amöneburg . The Mosbach lion (Panthera leo fossilis) is considered the largest lion in Europe.

The baroque Biebrich Castle was built between 1700 and 1750 directly on the banks of the Rhine in Biebrich . The residence of the Dukes of Nassau is located at the south end of the 50 hectare large castle park , the English-style landscaped gardens with a pond and Mosburg as artificial ruin was created. The traditional International Whitsun tournament (dressage, show jumping and vaulting ) takes place here every year at Whitsun .

The Schiersteiner Hafen in Wiesbaden-Schierstein with its regatta course offers a beautiful harbor promenade with a Mediterranean flair. A dragon boat race is also organized at the annual harbor festival in July with final fireworks . Not far from the port, in the narrow streets of the old town center, is the baroque St. Christopher's Church .

The Nassauische Tourist web spoke to 2009 on a part section between the station Wiesbaden Ost and Diez disused range of Aartalbahn a Museumsbahn operation starting from the home station Dotzheim , a Eisenbahnmuseum is at the. The route is classified as a cultural monument in Hesse and is a listed building . From the Wiesbaden Ost train station to the state border at Aarbergen-Rückershausen, it is the longest (technical) architectural monument in Hesse at 40 kilometers by train .

In Frauenstein , the castle ruin of the same name has stood on a rock in the center of the village with a preserved keep for 800 years . Around the village are the former Nassau fortifications Sommerberg , Armada , Nuremberg and the Grorother Hof .

On the north-western outskirts of Wiesbaden, already in the forest area of the Taunus, the animal and plant park Fasanerie is a popular destination. From here you can also hike to the Chausseehaus and to the Schläferskopf with its observation tower.

Monuments in Wiesbaden

Monument to Kaiser Wilhelm I. (Park on the warm dam)
Kaiser Friedrich III Monument (Nassauer Hof)
Monuments on the Luisenplatz
State monument on Biebricher Allee
Memorial for the deported and murdered Sinti and Roma from Wiesbaden
Friedrich Schiller Monument
Luisenplatz in Wiesbaden with the Waterloo monument and St. Bonifatius Church
Tomb of General Ferdinand Freiherr von Wintzingerode donated by Tsar Alexander I.
Memorial to the "Unter den Eichen" concentration camp
Nordenstadt Memorial

Culture and sport

Theaters and other venues

State theater with Friedrich Schiller monument

Today's Hessian State Theater , which was ceremoniously opened by Kaiser Wilhelm II on October 16, 1894, is the city's most important theater. With 600 employees, it offers 20 new productions per year on a total of five stages. The International May Festival has been held here every year since 1896 . In 2004 over 300,000 visitors attended 886 performances. This meant an occupancy rate of around 75 percent in the big house.

Wiesbaden Kurhaus with ballrooms and casino

The Rhein-Main-Hallen on the corner of Wilhelmstrasse and Rheinstrasse opened in 1957. They often formed the framework for trade fairs (for example the annual consumer fair “HAFA”), concerts, congresses and other events. Here even the well-known of the found German Sports Aid aligned Sports Ball instead. In total there were around 110 events with 400,000 visitors a year. The Rhein-Main-Hallen have been torn down since August 2014 and replaced by the new RheinMain CongressCenter Wiesbaden, which went into operation in 2018.

The Kurhaus , which also houses the casino , houses two ballrooms, in which a wide range of cultural activities is presented, particularly in the larger Friedrich von Thiersch Hall .

Other well-known venues are the Tattersall , the Wiesbaden Kammerspiele , the Thalhaus and the Schlachthof cultural center, as well as the Velvets Theater , the only black light theater in Germany.

In addition, one of the oldest dance schools in Germany is located in Wiesbaden, the beer dance school, which was founded in 1897 and is therefore the oldest dance school in the Rhine-Main area.

Museums

The Wiesbaden Museum - Hessian State Museum

The largest museum in the city, which is also the Hessian State Museum , is the Wiesbaden Museum . The most important exhibits of the museum include the Art Nouveau and Symbolism collection by Ferdinand Wolfgang Neess with many major works from this era, the numerous works by German-Russian artist Alexej von Jawlensky and one of the oldest insect collections with butterflies by Maria Sibylla Merian and birds from the Collection Maximilian zu Wied .

Worth seeing beyond the S tadtmuseum a m M arket (sam), the field of experience for the development of the senses in Castle and Park Freudenberg , the Women Museum (Wiesbaden) , the German-Jewish Museum ( Active Museum Spiegelgasse ), the Museum of Burg Sonnenberg , the Harlequineum, the open-air museums with Roman excavations at the Römertor and some local museums in the districts.

The museum reinhard ernst , a museum for abstract art, has been under construction since August 2019 .

Libraries and Archives

Villa Clementine literature house on Wilhelmstrasse

The city is home to several large libraries. These include the library of the Federal Statistical Office , the largest special library for statistics in Germany, the state library with around 820,000 volumes, the Hessian main state archive, which, among other things, stores historically important files from the Hessian state ministries and the city archive, which itself publishes a series of books, the historical and current topics of Wiesbaden illuminated.

Wiesbaden also has a central city library with eight district libraries, two mobile libraries (“book bus”) and a music library with a total of around 468,000 books and electronic media. In 2014, the city library moved into the former Mauritius gallery and was merged with the music library and media center to form the Mauritius media library.

The Villa Clementine on Wilhelmstrasse is used as a literature house. The Wiesbaden Press Club has its headquarters here and readings and other literary events are offered.

Sports

Brita-Arena of SV Wehen-Wiesbaden, Gate 2 on Gustav-Stresemann-Ring

The Helmut Schön Sportpark , formerly the stadium on Berliner Strasse , was the largest stadium in the city until October 2007

In football there are a number of clubs that play or have played in higher leagues. In the first place is currently the SV Wehen Wiesbaden , which will compete in the 2nd Bundesliga in the 2019/20 season . Since moving from Taunusstein , about ten kilometers from Wiesbaden, at the beginning of the 2007/08 season , the club has played its games in the newly built Brita Arena . Right next to it is the Helmut-Schön-Sportpark , where SV Wiesbaden has its home ground, which currently plays in the seventh-class group league Wiesbaden. The FVgg. Kastel 06 played in the years 1963/64, 1974/75 and from 1979 to 1983 in the third-class amateur league and amateur upper league Hessen. Other important football clubs in Wiesbaden are or were SG Germania Wiesbaden , FV Biebrich 02 and SpVgg Nassau Wiesbaden .

The women's team of 1. VC Wiesbaden currently plays in the Bundesliga , the men of TuS Eintracht Wiesbaden play in the regional league volleyball .

With the first men's judoka team from the Judo Club Wiesbaden 1922 e. V. Wiesbaden has been represented in the first Bundesliga for several decades. The club is one of the first three judo clubs in Germany. Other departments such as Ju-Jutsu are very successful internationally and nationally.

With the Wiesbaden Phantoms , Wiesbaden has a football team that played in the first Bundesliga South (GFL South) from 2010 to 2013.

The first men's team of HSG VfR / Eintracht Wiesbaden currently plays in the handball league Hessen, the fourth-highest division in Germany. The HSG's home games are played at Elsäßer Platz.

Probably the most important sporting event is the annual Whitsun horse show in the Biebrich Castle Park .

Since 2007 the Ironman 70.3 Germany has been held annually in August in Wiesbaden - a triathlon whose running route ends at the Kurhaus.

Some Olympic participants and winners come from the Biebrich 1864 shooting club .

The nearby former German indoor handball champions, SG Wallau / Massenheim, played their home games in the Elsässer Platz hall for a while.

Athletes of the Turnerbund Wiesbaden take part in various sports in German championships. The club, founded in 1864, is one of the oldest sports clubs in the city.

There is also a high ropes course on the Neroberg, the Neroberg climbing forest . It offers three courses for both beginners and advanced.

Ice hockey is played in the open air on the Henkell ice rink in the state capital of Hesse . The EV Wiesbaden 1984 e. V. ICETIGERS plays there in the Regionalliga Hessen and won the cup in the 2009/10 season.

With the Latin formation of the TC Blau-Orange e. V. , promoted to the 2nd Bundesliga, Wiesbaden is currently home to the best Hessian dance formation in Latin American dances. The TC Blau-Orange is also home to the dance sport group wheelchair dance . In October 2011 the 1st International Wheelchair Dance Tournament in Wiesbaden ("Schloss Biebrich Trophy") took place in Schloss Biebrich , organized by the Tanz-Club Blau-Orange e. V. Wiesbaden and the wheelchair dancing department in the German Wheelchair Sports Association (DRS).

The Wiesbaden-based chess club 1885 2012 promotion to the chess Bundesliga .

An international tennis tournament is being held in Wiesbaden with the ITF Wiesbaden .

The Wiesbaden section of the German Alpine Club is the largest sports club in Wiesbaden with over 5,414 members . It was founded on March 23, 1882, making it one of the oldest clubs in Wiesbaden. She runs the Wiesbadener Hütte in ( Silvretta ).

Regular events

Below is a selection of the regular Wiesbaden events:

spring

The Wiesbaden event season begins at the end of March / beginning of April with goEast , a festival of Central and Eastern European film. This was founded in 2001 by the German Film Institute to bring films from our eastern neighbors closer to German viewers. The main venues for the screenings are the festival cinema Caligari and the Villa Clementine .

In May, the Hessian State Theater hosts the International May Festival , which took place for the first time in 1896. The model at that time was the Richard Wagner Festival in Bayreuth . Also in May, the open-air season begins with the apple blossom festival in the Naurod district . This is a traditional apple blossom festival, where mainly cider is served in courtyards along the main street . This is accompanied by several marquee tents and rides.

The sporting and social climax then takes place at Whitsun in the castle park in Biebrich : the international riding and jumping tournament , at which all the greats of international equestrian sport are regularly represented. Is parallel to the ring space in the center in the direct vicinity of Hesse State the Kranzplatz hard aligned.

summer

The summer begins with a major event: on the second weekend in June, Wilhelmstrasse becomes the setting for the Theatrium , which is popularly known as the Wilhelmstrasse Festival. The official name is derived from "theater" and Latin "atrium" = "outdoors". It is the largest street festival in Germany with around 400,000 visitors on Saturday and Sunday. In addition to culinary specialties, there is music on five stages. The Wilhelmstrasse Festival has existed since 1977.

In July, the promenade in Schierstein becomes a viewing platform for the dragon boat race as part of the Schierstein Harbor Festival . In July / August, the Skate Nights are held together with the city of Mainz, some with joint tours .

Another highlight is the Rheingau Wine Week in August (colloquially referred to as the Wine Festival ) on Schlossplatz and Dernschen grounds . On what it claims to be the "longest wine bar in the world", only Rheingau wine is served at over 100 stands .

At the end of August, the slaughterhouse organizes the alternative folklore festival in the immediate vicinity of the main train station. It replaced the Folklore Festival in the garden in the park of Freudenberg Castle , which featured music and a market for handicrafts.

autumn

The Wiesbaden Photo Days take place regularly in Wiesbaden galleries and the Wiesbaden Free Art School .

On the first Friday in September, held annually since 2001 Night of Churches held

On the first weekend in September, the new season opens with a theater festival from 2 p.m. in the Hessian State Theater . With free admission, you can sniff the exciting theater air behind the scenes.

The Taunusstrasse Festival takes place on the first weekend in September. For two days the historic street and its buildings will be used as a stage for fascinating cultural spectacles.

Every year in autumn a charity run, the so-called Charity Walk and Run Wiesbaden, takes place in the Kurpark. The run is in favor of the Bärenherz Foundation, Humanity First and the children's hospice Zwergnase.

Wiesbaden is dancing! - Under this motto, all those interested in dance can get to know the work of dance facilities, artists, institutions and schools that are active in the field of dance in Wiesbaden for two days in mid-September.

Straw doll at the autumn market in front of the theater

The city festival can be celebrated for four days at various locations in the city center at the end of September. Free open-air concerts take place on the Dern'schen site. In addition to the autumn market around Mauritiusplatz, the harvest festival on Saturday and Sunday on the Warmen Damm is particularly popular.

In November, the exground filmfest takes place in the city's cinemas. Also in November, the consumer fair HAFA (= Hesse's current family exhibition ) in the Rhein-Main-Hallen shows something new for the consumer.

winter

From the fourth Thursday in October, the Bleichwiesen in Biebrich will be the stage for the Andreasmarkt . This oldest Wiesbaden folk festival can be traced back to the year 1350.

The Christmas market, known as the shooting star market , has been back on Schlossplatz and Dernschen premises for several years.

Finally, on New Year's Eve, there is a big celebration with fireworks and music on the bowling green in front of the Kurhaus .

At the end of February the “ JUST MUSIC - Beyond Jazz Festival ” will take place in the Kulturforum .

Carnival (Fifth Season)

On Mardi Gras Saturday there is a Mardi Gras parade in the suburbs of Kastel and Kostheim, followed by the big parade through Wiesbaden city center on Mardi Gras Sunday, which regularly attracts a six-digit number of visitors. On Rose Monday there will be a move in the suburb of Frauenstein. In addition to the parades, there are a number of other carnival events.

Personalities

Honorary citizen

The city of Wiesbaden has granted honorary citizenship to 27 people since 1892. The best-known include Wilhelm von Opel , son of Adam Opel , the founder of the automobile manufacturer of the same name (awarded in 1933), Georg-August Zinn , Prime Minister of Hesse from 1951 to 1969 (awarded in 1966), Martin Niemöller , theologian and resistance fighter against National Socialism (awarded 1975) and the chemist Wilhelm Nils Fresenius (awarded 1985). In addition, several former mayors were honored with the title, including Georg Krücke (1955), Georg Buch (1968) and Rudi Schmitt (1995).

Wiesbaden painter and sculptor

Postcodes and phone codes

While the delivery postcodes from 65183 to 65207 apply in the city, Kastel with 55252 and Kostheim with 55246 have special postcodes for routing region 55 (Mainz).

The city has the telephone code 0611. There are several exceptions:

The area code 06122 applies in Breckenheim, Delkenheim, Medenbach and Nordenstadt.
The area code 06127 is valid in Auringen and Naurod.
The area code 06134 applies in Kastel and Kostheim.

Trivia

The Wiesbaden Swing font

The asteroid (717) Wisibada was named after the form of the name Wiesbaden, which was handed down from the Middle Ages. It was named after the astronomer Franz Kaiser , who was born here.

After the city also named in the Berlin Calligraphy Collection recorded font Wiesbaden Swing , a script of Biebrich calligrapher Rosemarie Kloos-Rau.

The Russian writer Fyodor Dostoyevsky gambled away his travel budget during his trip to Germany in Wiesbaden in 1865 and apparently chose the spa town as the template for the fictional setting of Roulettenburg in his 1866 novel The Gambler .

literature

Dirk M. Becker: Wiesbaden - The literary city guide. 2nd Edition. Universum Verlag, Wiesbaden 2009, ISBN 978-3-89869-250-2 .

Dirk M. Becker: vivat Wiesbaden. Walks between tradition and modernity. Universum Verlag, Wiesbaden 2005, ISBN 3-89869-141-1 .

Bernd Blisch : A short history of the city of Wiesbaden . Pustet, Regensburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-7917-2327-3 .

Thomas Weichel: The citizens of Wiesbaden . Oldenbourg, Munich 2001, ISBN 3-486-56126-X .

Fritz Mielert : Wiesbaden. (= Famous cities, baths, landscapes. Volume 1). Verlag Wilhelm Ruhfus, Dortmund 1926.

Tanja Koehler, Norbert Wank: Wiesbaden . Dumont-Reiseverlag, Ostfildern 2008, ISBN 978-3-7701-6533-9 (from the DUMONT direct series ).

History workshop Wiesbaden e. V. (Ed.): Wiesbaden and Rheingau on foot. 22 tours through past and present . Edition 6065, Wiesbaden 2002, ISBN 3-9804715-8-6 .

Klaus Kopp: Water from Taunus, Rhine and Ried: Wiesbaden's water supply from 2 millennia . Stadtwerke Wiesbaden AG, Wiesbaden 1986, ISBN 3-9801288-0-6 .

Education for everyone! Cultural life and striving for education in Wiesbaden since 1800 . EDITION 6065. Wiesbaden 2000, ISBN 3-9804715-7-8 .

Oswald Burger, Hansjörg Straub: The Levingers. A family in Überlingen. Edition Isele, Eggingen 2002, ISBN 3-86142-117-8 (In addition to the time in Überlingen, the time in Wiesbaden during the Nazi era and as a member of the Wiesbaden Casino Society is described).

Manfred Gerber: The Kurhaus Wiesbaden. Kaleidoscope of a century . Monuments publications of the German Foundation for Monument Protection. Bonn 2007, ISBN 978-3-936942-84-2 .

Gerhard Honekamp, Wolfgang Jung, Hartmann Wunderer (eds.): Everyday life between the powerful and the idlers - Historical explorations in Wiesbaden and the surrounding area M. Breuer, Wiesbaden 1995, ISBN 3-9804701-0-5 .

Gerhard Honekamp (ed.): Wiesbaden - backyard and spa concert. An illustrated everyday story from 1800 to today. Wartberg Verlag, Gudensberg-Gleichen 1996, ISBN 3-86134-350-9 .

Gerhard Honekamp: Literature on Wiesbaden city history - a compilation of little known titles. In: Everyday life, culture and great politics - Wiesbaden city history in sources and comments. Issue 2: From World War I to the present. Wiesbaden 1997, pp. 127-129.

Till Lachmann: In focus: the independent city of Wiesbaden . In: Hessisches Statistisches Landesamt (Hrsg.): State and economy in Hessen . No. 1/2 , 2013, p. 21–27 ( ( page no longer available , search in web archives: statistik-hessen.de )).@1@ 2

Helmut Müller (Ed.): Wonderland. The Americans in Wiesbaden . Societäts-Verlag, Frankfurt am Main 2013, ISBN 978-3-95542-055-0 . #

Marion Mink: Small history of the city of Wiesbaden, Der Kleine Buch Verlag, Karlsruhe 2016, ISBN 978-3-7650-2201-2 .

Movies

Picture book Germany : Wiesbaden: Nice of the north. Production: hr , first broadcast: November 19, 2006 ( table of contents )

Web links

Further content in the sister projects of Wikipedia:
	Commons	- multimedia content
	Wiktionary	- Dictionary entries
	Wikisource	- Sources and full texts
	Wikinews	- News
	Wikivoyage	- Travel Guide

Wiesbaden, City of Wiesbaden. Historical local dictionary for Hessen. In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
Official website of the Hessian state capital Wiesbaden
Link catalog on Wiesbaden at curlie.org (formerly DMOZ )

Wiesbaden in the photo collection of Doorn Castle

Wiesbaden in the picture

Literature from and about Wiesbaden in the catalog of the German National Library

References and comments

↑ Hessian State Statistical Office: Population status on December 31, 2019 (districts and urban districts as well as municipalities, population figures based on the 2011 census) ( help ).

↑ ^a ^b Sources are an image issue. (No longer available online.) In: Wiesbadener Tagblatt . September 18, 2008, archived from the original on October 2, 2011 ; Retrieved on May 4, 2015 (It quotes from the report of a project group for city councilors: "For thermal and mineral springs, a stock of 27 springs is given. In fact, only 15 springs are available. Seven springs are out of service and five more were eliminated. "). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.

↑ ^a ^b Purchasing power of Germans increases by 2 percent in 2016. Gesellschaft für Konsumforschung (GfK), December 14, 2015, accessed on March 22, 2017 .

↑ Purchasing power indicators of the IHK Wiesbaden 2018. Chamber of Commerce and Industry Wiesbaden , accessed on August 29, 2019 .

↑ Zukunftsatlas 2016. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original ; accessed on March 23, 2018 .

↑ Parking lot as a lake district - source drilled out at the Wiesbaden Ministry of Finance. ( Memento from November 9, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) In: Wiesbadener Kurier. November 6, 2009.

↑ Viewed November 7, 2009 at 12:32 p.m.

↑ Now voids are worrying. BOHR-PANNE Environment Agency presents report. Land assumes costs / Up to 80 million liters of water leaked ( memento of the original from November 1, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Wiesbadener Tagblatt. December 3, 2009. @1@ 2

↑ wiesbadener-tagblatt.de ( memento of the original dated December 22, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2
^ Climate Wiesbaden - Weather Service , German Weather Service, on wetterdienst.de
↑ Overview map of the area of the Rhine-Taunus Nature Park. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on November 9, 2011 ; Retrieved April 11, 2013 .
^ Beech forests north of Wiesbaden. (No longer available online.) Formerly in the original ; Retrieved April 11, 2013 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2

↑ The Wiesbaden city forest. (PDF; 1.4 MB) Accessed June 23, 2018 .

↑ hmuelv.hessen.de ( page no longer available , search in web archives )@1@ 2

↑ Green areas and parks. Retrieved June 23, 2018 .

↑ Natureg Viewer. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on March 4, 2016 ; Retrieved April 11, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.

↑ Apothecary Garden

^ The stork colony at the Schierstein waterworks

↑ Storchengemeinschaft Wiesbaden-Schierstein e. V. on the Internet

↑ State Capital Wiesbaden (Ed.): Wiesbadener Stadtanalysen: Land use of the Wiesbaden city area , April 2012, ISSN 0949-5983 , p. 19.

^ Eike-Christian Kersten: Mainz - the divided city. (Diss.), Regional culture publisher, Ubstadt-Weiher, Heidelberg a. a. 2014, p. 49.

↑ Current brief information from Wiesbaden statistics. (PDF) (No longer available online.) In: wiesbaden.de. State capital Wiesbaden, March 3, 2017, archived from the original ; accessed on March 22, 2017 .

^ Sigrid Russ: Cultural monuments in Hessen Wiesbaden I.1 - historical pentagon. Theiss Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-8062-2010-7 , pp. 65-66.

↑ Nikolas Werner Jacobs: The "City of Historicism" - a special case. On the reception history of historicism in Germany using the example of Wiesbaden . In: Tobias Möllmer (Ed.): Style and character. Contributions to the history of architecture and the preservation of monuments in the 19th century. Festschrift for the 75th birthday of Wolfgang Brönner , Basel 2015, pp. 372–385.

^ Wiesbaden - city of historicism. Retrieved March 5, 2015 .

↑ UNESCO World Heritage application: Wiesbaden application: individual application. (No longer available online.) In: wiesbaden.de. Archived from the original on February 18, 2015 ; Retrieved February 18, 2015 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.

^ Wiesbadener Kurier: Wiesbaden should become the center of historicism

↑ Mauritius had been the patron saint of the church in the center of the city since the Middle Ages, until it burned down to the ground in 1855 and the empty Mauritiusplatz remained.

↑ Wiesbadener Tagblatt of November 11, 2008: From the slaughterhouse to the Salzbach-Aue cultural park .

^ Sibilla Friedrich-Pauly: Wiesbaden. A little city history . Sutton Verlag, December 2003, ISBN 3-89702-579-5 .

↑ Erich Keyser (Ed.): Hessisches Städtebuch; Volume IV 1st part . In: German city book. Urban History Handbook. On behalf of the working group of historical commissions and with the support of the German Association of Cities, the Association of German Cities and the Association of German Municipalities. Stuttgart 1957.

↑ On Wiesbaden in antiquity, cf. Max Him : Aqua, Aquae 55) . In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume II, 1, Stuttgart 1895, Col. 302 ..

↑ Marius Munz: "Wiesbaden est boche, et le restera". The Allied occupation of Wiesbaden after the First World War (1918–1930). Self-published www.mariusmunz.de, Wiesbaden 2012.

↑ Georg Lilienthal: Der Lebensborn e. V. An instrument of National Socialist racial policy. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart / New York 1985, ISBN 3-437-10939-1 , p. 235.

^ Lothar Bembenek: Resistance and persecution in Wiesbaden 1933–1945: a documentation. Anabas-Verlag, Giessen 1990, ISBN 3-87038-155-8 , p. 336. NE: Ulrich, Axel.

^ RAF missions February 1945 ( Memento from February 9, 2013 in the Internet Archive )

^ The Bomber Command War Diaries. Martin Middlebrook and Chris Everitt. Midland, 2011. ISBN 978-1-85780-335-8

^ Thomas Weichel: Wiesbaden in the bombing war 1941–1945 . Wartberg Verlag, October 2004, ISBN 3-8313-1408-X .

↑ Hessian State Center for Political Education (page 42) (PDF; 2.1 MB)

↑ Awarded the designation "State Capital" to the City of Wiesbaden, Reg.-District Wiesbaden on December 24, 1952 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): State Gazette for the State of Hesse. 1953 No. 3 , p. 34 , point 50, ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1.9 MB ]).

^ Eike-Christian Kersten: Mainz - the divided city. (Diss.), Regional culture publisher, Ubstadt-Weiher, Heidelberg et al. 2014, p. 50.

^ Eike-Christian Kersten: Mainz - the divided city. (Diss.), Regional culture publisher, Ubstadt-Weiher, Heidelberg et al. 2014, p. 159 ff.

↑ Law on the reorganization of the Main-Taunus district and the city of Wiesbaden (GVBl. II 330–30) of June 26, 1974 . In: The Hessian Minister of the Interior (ed.): Law and Ordinance Gazette for the State of Hesse . 1974 No. 22 , p. 309 , § 8 ( online at the information system of the Hessian state parliament [PDF; 1.5 MB ]).

↑ City of Wiesbaden Religion , 2011 census

↑ City of Wiesbaden Excerpt from the Statistical Yearbook 2019, page 19 Office for Statistics and Urban Research, accessed on April 26, 2020

↑ Wiesbaden city portrait facts and figures 2019 , accessed on January 5, 2020

^ Stefan G. Wolf: Churches in Wiesbaden. Houses of God and Religious Life, Past and Present . EDITION 6065. Wiesbaden 1997, ISBN 3-9804715-3-5 .

^ List of stumbling blocks in Wiesbaden

↑ Yearbook 2009 of the Office for Statistics and Urban Research of the State Capital Wiesbaden ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF), last accessed on June 17, 2010.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.wiesbaden.de

↑ Religious affiliation in Wiesbaden ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF), report of the Weltanschauung research group in Germany , last accessed on June 17, 2010.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / fowid.de

↑ Ingeborg Toth: Syrian Orthodox Jasaja Church in Dotzheim festively inaugurated. https://www.wiesbadener-kurier.de/ , July 4, 2016, accessed on July 5, 2019 .

↑ https://www.ack-wiesbaden.de/ : Assyrian Church of the East. In: https://www.ack-wiesbaden.de/ . https://www.ack-wiesbaden.de/ , July 5, 2019, accessed on July 5, 2019 .

↑ Ed. Shabo Talay: Slomo Surayt . Ed .: Bar Habraeus Verlag. Bar Habraeus Verlag, NL-Glane 2017, ISBN 978-90-5047-065-0 , p. 2 .

↑ Day of the Founders of Religions. ( Memento from August 10, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) In: serlingpa.de, accessed on July 23, 2014.

↑ Manfred Gerber: Ahmadiyya Muslims celebrate the laying of the foundation stone for the Mubarak Mosque in Wiesbaden. ( Memento from July 29, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) In: Wiesbadener Kurier. June 4, 2014, accessed July 23, 2014.

↑ ^a ^b 7. Charity Walk and Run. In: Wiesbaden.de, accessed on July 23, 2014.

↑ Main statute of the state capital Wiesbaden ( Memento of the original from May 25, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. dated March 24, 1969, last amended May 4, 2016. Retrieved April 27, 2018. @1@ 2

^ Result of the municipal election on March 6, 2016. Hessian State Statistical Office, accessed in April 2016 .

↑ Hessian State Statistical Office: Results of the municipal elections of 2011 and 2006

↑ Hessian Statistical Office: Results of the municipal elections of 2001 and 1997

↑ 2001: Left List (LiLi)

↑ Information on the former mayors from www.wiesbaden.de

↑ A clear victory for social democrat Mende. Hessenschau.de , June 26, 2019

↑ Department distribution plan of the state capital Wiesbaden Status: September 2, 2011, last accessed on October 4, 2011 wiesbaden.de ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. PDF.

↑ Personnel and Organization Office of the State Capital Wiesbaden: Department distribution plan. (PDF) (No longer available online.) In: www.wiesbaden.de. City of Wiesbaden, December 18, 2015, archived from the original on December 22, 2017 ; accessed on December 22, 2017 .

↑ www.haushaltssteuerung.de: Debt ranking of the 103 independent cities in Germany, accessed on August 28, 2014

↑ § 6 city arms, city flag in the main statute of July 1, 1960

↑ Information about the town twinning from www.wiesbaden.de

↑ The partnership between Wiesbaden and Klagenfurt am Wörthersee ( Austria ) is one of the oldest city partnerships in the world - with annual school exchanges as well as senior trips and cultural exchanges.

↑ Youth Parliament | State capital Wiesbaden. Retrieved January 1, 2018 .

↑ FOCUS Online: City of Wiesbaden: Youth parliaments found umbrella association HUSKJ . In: FOCUS Online . ( focus.de [accessed on January 1, 2018]).

↑ Current results - VGR dL. Retrieved January 7, 2019 .

↑ wiesbaden.de: District profile 2013 - Sonnenberg ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 136 kB)

↑ wiesbaden.de : Commuters. (PDF; 32 kB) (No longer available online.) Formerly in the original ; Retrieved March 24, 2013 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.

↑ State of Hesse. Federal Employment Agency, accessed on January 7, 2019 .

↑ Thermal water route Aachen: Presentation of the thermal springs . accessed July 2017.

↑ The water came from Heiligenborn on the Melonenberg ⊙ ; F. Wilhelm Emil Roth: History and historical topography of the city of Wiesbaden in the Middle Ages , in it § 81: The fountains of the city. P. 450, C. Limbarth, 1883

↑ Wiesbadener Tagblatt, August 22, 2009: Success after six years of searching for clues. ( Memento of the original from October 2, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Local history researcher Martin Lauth has discovered the entrance portal to the Kisselborn spring.

↑ Official city map of the state capital Wiesbaden

↑ Now official: Mainz wants to introduce environmental zone together with Wiesbaden ( memento from June 16, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) in Allgemeine Zeitung from June 12, 2012.

^ Environmental zone in Wiesbaden and Mainz: "It is the cheapest measure" ( Memento from June 15, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) by Jens Grützner in Allgemeine Zeitung from June 11, 2012.

↑ Committee: Why not environmental zone plus truck ban in Wiesbaden? ( Memento from November 1, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) from Birgit Emnet in Wiesbadener Kurier from June 9, 2012 and the Environment Committee is examining a truck traffic ban and the costs of introducing an environmental zone ( Memento from November 1, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) from Birgit Emnet in the Wiesbadener Kurier on June 8, 2012.

↑ Exhaust gases: Wiesbaden gets environmental zone . In: Frankfurter Rundschau , March 6, 2012.

^ Diana Unkart: Digital traffic flow in Wiesbaden. In: fr.de . October 28, 2019, accessed November 3, 2019 .

↑ ADFC Bicycle Climate Test 2016 - City Ranking. (PDF) Overview of the winning cities. In: fahrradklima-test.de . ADFC , May 2017, p. 3 , accessed on August 1, 2018 .

↑ ADFC Bicycle Climate Test 2018 - City Ranking (PDF). (PDF) In: https://www.fahrradklima-test.de/karte . ADFC, p. 2 , accessed June 23, 2019 .

↑ webmaster: EuroVelo 15: from the source of the Rhine to the North Sea - EuroVelo. Retrieved May 29, 2017 .

↑ Article from the Frankfurter Rundschau from November 16, 2012: "Tram - dispute over the planned urban railway"

↑ Wiesbaden Tourism Report 2016 , State Capital Wiesbaden, accessed on May 15, 2017.

↑ ^a ^b Website of the Nassau Tourist Railway

^ Horst Goschke: Hollywood at the Kochbrunnen: Films in Wiesbaden; the infinite dream of the dream factory . Rhein Main publishing group 1995.

↑ Das Schloss des Schreckens at Filmportal.de, accessed on October 11, 2010 ( Memento from May 14, 2011 in the Internet Archive )

↑ Information on the history of ZDF from fernsehmuseum.info

↑ History of ZDF on Unternehmer.zdf.de

^ TV Wiesbaden

↑ Information on the number of studies at the university from

↑ EBS University of Economics and Law ( Memento from January 8, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) at www.wiesbaden.de.

↑ Press release of the Science Council ( Memento of the original from August 17, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.

↑ Debt EBS wants to grow. In: FAZ, Rhein-Main-Zeitung. December 8, 2012, p. 41.

↑ State capital Wiesbaden: Handover of the Atriumhaus to the EBS ( Memento of the original from August 13, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Rathausnachrichten June 14, 2010.

↑ Manfred Gerber: EBS Law School and EBS management take possession of the atrium building. ( Memento of the original from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Wiesbadener Tagblatt . June 15, 2010. Retrieved April 2, 2011.

^ Paul Siethoff: Fresenius back in Wiesbaden. In: Frankfurter Rundschau. March 19, 2019, accessed March 26, 2020 .

↑ Volkshochschule Wiesbaden on the Internet

↑ bildungswerk-wiesbaden.bistumlimburg.de

↑ see list of corporative sponsoring members of the Max Planck Society ( Memento from January 14, 2011 in the Internet Archive )

↑ Profiling as a place of residence

↑ Wiesbadener Kurier on October 24, 2008: Topping-out ceremony for the Sparkassenversicherung building in Bahnhofstrasse.

↑ Wiesbadener Tagblatt of October 30, 2008: The foundation stone for the R + V building has been laid.

^ Association for Inner Mission in Nassau (EVIM)

↑ Jugendhilfezentrum Johannesstift GmbH on the Internet

^ Franz-Josef Sehr : The foundation of the Nassau fire brigade association . In: Yearbook for the Limburg-Weilburg district 2012 . The district committee of the district of Limburg-Weilburg, Limburg-Weilburg 2011, ISBN 3-927006-48-3 , p. 65-67 .

↑ Wiesbadener Kurier of May 10, 2010: A Kostheimer Wald am Ladoga ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. The cellulose. 125 years ago, Hubert Anton Disch founded the pulp mill.

^ Smiths Heimann GmbH ( Memento of November 18, 2008 in the Internet Archive )

^ Website of Bilfinger Construction GmbH ( Memento from August 28, 2013 in the Internet Archive )

^ Website of Kalle GmbH

↑ Internet presence of the WJW ( Memento from May 31, 2011 in the web archive archive.today )

↑ Waltraut Rohloff: Vineyards in Wiesbaden - make one out of three. In: Frankfurter Rundschau. April 10, 2009, Retrieved October 28, 2014.

^ BKA brochure ( Memento of July 18, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) The profile p. 5.

^ Christian Schnee: What was going on in Wiesbaden 1950-2000. Sutton Verlag, September 2001, ISBN 3-89702-355-5 .

^ Hessian Ministry of Justice, for Integration and Europe: Justice Center Wiesbaden ( Memento from April 3, 2010 in the Internet Archive )

^ Hessian Association of Cities on the Internet

^ Hessischer Landkreistag on the Internet

↑ www.ingkh.de

↑ www.akh.de ( Memento from November 1, 2013 in the Internet Archive )

↑ Statutes of the Wiesbaden Chamber of Crafts ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (PDF; 86 kB)

↑ www.ihk-wiesbaden.de ( Memento of the original from September 13, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.

↑ Source: Information on faz.net.

↑ Spiegel Online from July 7, 2013: Interview with Edward Snowden: NSA supplies BND with tools for eavesdropping

↑ Baedeker City Guide, Wiesbaden, Rheingau . Karl Baedeker Verlag, Ostfildern-Kemnat. December 2001, ISBN 3-87954-076-4 .

↑ Gottfried Kiesow : The misunderstood century. Historicism using the example of Wiesbaden . Monument publications of the German Foundation for Monument Protection, Bonn 2005, ISBN 3-936942-53-6 (book and CD-ROM).

^ Berthold Bubner: Wiesbaden: architectural monuments and historical sites. Seyfried, Wiesbaden 1993, ISBN 3-922604-20-X .

↑ Data on the Hessian State Theater from www.staatstheater-wiesbaden.de

↑ Figures from the 2008 yearbook of the Office for Statistics and Urban Research of the State Capital Wiesbaden, accessible at wiesbaden.de ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.

↑ Information from www.rhein-main-hallen.de

↑ Last Minute Specials until closing - How Wiesbaden is fighting for its (congress) future ... ( Memento from November 9, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) on http://www.convention-net.de , / accessed on 9. November 2013

↑ Wiesbadener Tagblatt from October 31, 2009: Cha Cha Cha made him famous all over Europe ( Memento of the original from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Dance teacher legend Udo Bier died at the age of 80.

^ Official website of the Wiesbaden Museum

^ Museum Wiesbaden. In: Wiesbaden.de. Retrieved January 24, 2019 .

↑ Frauen Museum Wiesbaden: Homepage (also: "Frauen museum wiesbaden").

^ Museums in Wiesbaden. In: Wiesbaden.de. Retrieved January 24, 2019 .

↑ VRM GmbH & Co. KG: Mauritius-Mediathek in Wiesbaden: media center, city and music library in future under one roof . ( wiesbadener-kurier.de [accessed on November 15, 2017]). Mauritius Mediathek in Wiesbaden: media center, city and music library in future under one roof ( Memento from November 15, 2017 in the Internet Archive )

^ Judo Club Wiesbaden 1922 e. V.

^ Henkell artificial ice rink

^ Ice hockey club Wiesbaden e. V.

↑ Schloss Biebrich Trophy in Wheelchair Dancing ( Memento of the original from November 1, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Retrieved December 5, 2011.

^ Alpenverein.de: Section Wiesbaden

↑ Information on the regular events from www.wiesbaden.de ( Memento from October 7, 2013 in the Internet Archive )

↑ The exground filmfest website

^ Just Music - Beyond Jazz Festival

↑ Rosemarie Kloos-Rau in the Berlin Calligraphy Collection, accessed on March 7, 2012.

↑ Wiesbaden Swing. In: Wiesbadener Tagblatt . April 24, 2010.

This article was added to the list of excellent articles on March 28, 2005 in this version .

[Metadaten_Einwohnerzahl_DE-HE-1] Hessian State Statistical Office: Population status on December 31, 2019 (districts and urban districts as well as municipalities, population figures based on the 2011 census) ( help ).

[quelle-2] Sources are an image issue. (No longer available online.) In: Wiesbadener Tagblatt . September 18, 2008, archived from the original on October 2, 2011 ; Retrieved on May 4, 2015 (It quotes from the report of a project group for city councilors: "For thermal and mineral springs, a stock of 27 springs is given. In fact, only 15 springs are available. Seven springs are out of service and five more were eliminated. "). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2

[GfK_Kaufkraft-3] Purchasing power of Germans increases by 2 percent in 2016. Gesellschaft für Konsumforschung (GfK), December 14, 2015, accessed on March 22, 2017 .

[4] Purchasing power indicators of the IHK Wiesbaden 2018. Chamber of Commerce and Industry Wiesbaden , accessed on August 29, 2019 .

[5] Zukunftsatlas 2016. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original ; accessed on March 23, 2018 .

[6] Parking lot as a lake district - source drilled out at the Wiesbaden Ministry of Finance. ( Memento from November 9, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) In: Wiesbadener Kurier. November 6, 2009.

[7] Viewed November 7, 2009 at 12:32 p.m.