Sommerberg Castle

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Castle behind trees, from Georgenborner Strasse

Hof Sommerberg (also Sommerbergerhof ) is a former military courtyard in Wiesbaden-Frauenstein and has been owned by the noble Hatzfeldt-Wildenburg family since the 1870s as Sommerberg Castle . The farm is a listed building.

location

The castle above the nature reserve "Sommerberg bei Frauenstein"

The estate is located on the slope at an altitude of 243  m in Georgenborner Straße 50 above Frauenstein in the direction of Georgenborn . The original name of the hill was Wolfsberg, as according to Meuer can be seen from records in the church book around 1800. Immediately below the castle is the reported on 11 December 1992, 26  hectares large nature reserve " Summer Mountain Ms. Stone ."

Buildings and facilities

The castle from the southwest

The longitudinal structure built around 1810/20 was largely preserved. The two-story building with an additional attic has a stepped gable on the eastern side facing the street . A tower bay window with a pyramid roof is attached to the northeast corner . A two-story building with a hipped roof and a one-story building with a roof terrace have been added to the southeast corner, and another extension is to the northwest corner. In 1868 the building was described as: “A small castle with a lovely view over a large part of the Rhine and Maingau and the Bergstrasse ; contains a salon, 9 rooms, kitchen and spacious cellar. "

To the northwest of the castle is an L-shaped residential building made of red brick. In 1868 it was described as "a house with a salon, 7 rooms and kitchen on the upper floor and a laundry room, spacious wine press, three storage rooms, a distillery and vinegar-making, a carriage shed on the lower floor, and three large vaulted cellars." the building changed a lot. He has several dormers and two lucarnes toward the court .

The network of paths in the English landscape park designed by Heinrich Siesmayer (1817–1900) has been preserved, the castle lies behind walls and dense trees. Almost 200 rhododendrons , old fuchsias and many roses grow in the park .

history

Nassau military courtyard

Location of the fortifications around Frauenstein, 1819

Around the year 1300, the over-indebted Knights of Frauenstein sold Frauenstein Castle and parts of the village to the Mainz ore monastery . As a result, the House of Nassau threatened to lose its influence over the area. In order to secure their neighboring lands, the Counts of Nassau built the fortifications Armada , Groroth , Nuremberg , Rosenköppel and Sommerberg around Frauenstein in the following centuries . The farm was first mentioned in the Frauenstein court book in 1563, when Joh. Dürckhenn was named as Hofmann on the Sommerberg. In the Wiesbaden State Archives , which only go back to 1639, the first mention of an "unscrupulous petition" dated May 7, 1639: The inventor Johann Scherer complained to the "noble Gestrengen and generous Mr. Amptmann" that the herd of the shepherd belonged to the von der Leyen family , neighboring Haus zur Armuth (today Hof Armada) would graze the meadows of the Sommerbergsgut farm.

The "Sommerbergerhof", "Hof summer mountain" or "yard Summer Mountain" was as Erbbestand inherited within the family of the tenant. The name of the farm comes from one of the first tenants named Sommer, and since then the Frauenstein church book has numerous entries with the name Sommersberg. Meuer wrote in 1928 that there was still an established farming family with this name in Dotzheim , to whose territory the farm originally belonged. The later stocks Höhn, Nikolay and Wintermeyer also came from Dotzheim .

The farm was wedged between the Mainz districts of Frauenstein and Niederwalluf , and the tenants' children had to go to school all the way to Dotzheim. A request from the tenants from 1753 to be able to use the school on the way in Frauenstein instead was refused, which Meuer referred to in retrospect in 1928 as "an image of the arbitrariness of officials and small states". In 1803 Frauenstein was incorporated into the Nassau region and in 1816 the farm was incorporated into the Frauenstein district.

In the 1830s, the last hereditary estate, Valentin Wintermeyer, succeeded in converting the farm into free property after negotiations with the Nassau General Domain Management through a redemption sum that was gradually to be repaid. In 1841 Valentin moved to Bierstadt and ceded the farm to his brother. On the night before Epiphany in 1843, the barns and stables burned down, so that he inevitably sold the farm to a Jew named Goldschmidt.

After a while the farm was sold to Count Wilhelm Hue de Grais, who came from the Prussian province of Saxony and was the father of Robert Hue de Grais . After Wilhelm's death in 1856, the “completely neglected estate came into the hands of speculators”, including a German-American named Ermert who had become rich and built new buildings and a water pipe. A Baron von der Leyen bought the farm from him.

In 1868 the Allgemeine Zeitung announced that the Sommerberg estate was to be sold. The buildings were in good condition, consisting of a small castle, a residential building as well as “a tenant house and the necessary economic buildings . A special line provides the residential and economic buildings and a fountain with the very good water they need. The good includes 13 acres of vineyards, very good location, adjacent to the buildings, around 78 acres of arable land and around 31 acres of meadows. "

Castle of Hatzfeld-Wildenburg

Sophie von Hatzfeldt.jpg
Paul Graf Hatzfeld-Wildenburg (1831-1901) .jpg


Sophie von Hatzfeldt and her son Paul
Outside view of the park

Paul von Hatzfeldt (1831–1901) bought the estate in November 1871 or 1872 and converted it into a castle-like family residence with a park for the Hatzfeldt-Wildenburg family . The German garden architect Heinrich Siesmayer (1817–1900) designed the outdoor facilities as an English landscape park , for which an adjacent piece of forest was leased for 99 years. In 1878 the farm building burned down on Christmas Day and was later rebuilt. Paul's mother, the “red countess” Sophie von Hatzfeldt , was happy to visit Paul's family at Schloss Sommerberg, also to “take on the role of the loving grandmother”. She spent her old age in a Wiesbaden hotel before she died in 1881 and was buried in Frauenstein. From 1885 Paul was the German ambassador in London. He received on Sommerberg a. a. Visit of King Edward VII and played tennis with him . Wine from the castle was presented at the Paris World Exhibition in 1900 . Paul died in London in 1901, his wife Helene on April 9, 1918 at Sommerberg Castle. Paul and Helene's only son Hermann inherited the castle.

Sophie's estate was kept in the palace until 1962 and then brought to Schönstein Palace . Her estate also contained numerous correspondence from her partner Ferdinand Lassalle , which he had bequeathed to her. In October 1918, Gustav Mayer managed to convince Hermann von Hatzfeldt to look for the letters. A short time later, Frauenstein became part of the Mainz bridgehead of the Allied occupation of the Rhineland after the First World War . The castle was used by the French army for billeting , so Mayer feared that “the treasure so stubbornly sought might be lost forever to science at the last moment.” Mayer and Hatzfeldt used the time between billeting and discovered them in the granary Lassalle's letters in dusty boxes at the castle. They brought her "to safety as quickly as possible from uncomprehending arbitrariness" and to unoccupied territory before they were quartered again a day later. Mayer opened up the correspondence of the spokesman for the early German labor movement, who u. a. had been in contact with Karl Marx and Karl Rodbertus .

In the war economy of the Second World War , a work detachment with 36 forced laborers was stationed at Sommerberg Castle until 1943 . On March 26, 1984 the residential area "Schloss Sommerberg" was canceled at the request of the City of Wiesbaden and in December 1992 the steep slope below the castle was designated as a nature reserve at Sommerberg near Frauenstein . The castle is still owned by the Hatzfeld-Wildenburg family today.

Movies

For the film Max Schmeling , the castle served as the backdrop for Schmeling's East Prussian estate, as the Wiesbaden producer Philipp Selkirk lives in part of the castle. In the 2013 Taunus crime thriller Snow White Must Die , the recordings for the Terlinden family's villa were shot there.

literature

  • Georg Dehio, Folkhard Cremer, Ernst Gall: Dehio-Handbuch , Hessen II. Administrative region Darmstadt. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 2008, p. 320, ISBN 978-3-422-03117-3 .
  • August Heinrich Meuer: History of the village and castle Frauenstein with news about the farms Armada, Grorod, Nuremberg, Rosenköppel and Sommerberg . Wiesbaden 1930.
  • August Heinrich Meuer: Sommerberg Castle near Frauenstein . In: Nassauische Heimat, supplement to the Rheinische Volkszeitung , 8th year, No. 4, February 1928, pp. 30–31.

Web links

Commons : Schloss Sommerberg  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Remarks

  1. ↑ Meuer (1928), however, writes that Paul's mother Sophie von Hatzfeldt bought the farm in the early 1860s in order to make a summer stay available to her partner Ferdinand Lassalle (1825–1864). However, Lassalle died before that and Paul inherited the estate after Sophie's death. In view of the rest of the sources, this seems unlikely, especially since he does not give any sources.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Georg Dehio, Folkhard Cremer, Ernst Gall: Dehio-Handbuch , Hessen II. Administrative region Darmstadt. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 2008, ISBN 978-3-422-03117-3 . P. 320
  2. ↑ a b Sommerberg Castle. Historical local lexicon for Hesse (as of November 8, 2017). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on March 6, 2020 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Martina Meisl: Castles and palaces in Wiesbaden suburbs still have a lot to offer visitors today . In: Wiesbadener Kurier , July 21, 2016.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l August Heinrich Meuer: Sommerberg Castle near Frauenstein . In: Nassauische Heimat, supplement to the Rheinische Volkszeitung , 8th year, No. 4, February 1928, pp. 30–31.
  5. ↑ a b Ordinance on the “Sommerberg bei Frauenstein” nature reserve of December 11, 1992 . In: State Gazette for the State of Hesse , No. 52, December 28, 1992, pp. 3335–41.
  6. ↑ Sommerberg bei Frauenstein , www.protectedplanet.net; accessed on March 6, 2020.
  7. ↑ a b c notice . In: Supplement to Allgemeine Zeitung No. 107, April 16, 1868, p. 1636.
  8. ↑ a b Heide Kegel: Experience Hessen - Wiesbaden garden joys . In: hr-fernsehen , website for the broadcast on August 7, 2018.
  9. ↑ August Heinrich Meuer: History of the village and castle Frauenstein together with news about the Armada, Grorod, Nuremberg, Rosenköppel and Sommerberg farms . Wiesbaden 1930, pp. 102-122. Quoted from: The inscriptions of the city of Wiesbaden , historical overview, German inscriptions online ; accessed on March 6, 2020.
  10. ↑ Armada Court. Historical local dictionary for Hesse (as of September 3, 2014). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on April 8, 2020 .
  11. ^ Heinrich Jünger: Territories and legal sources in the district of the Higher Regional Court of Frankfurt , 1896, p. 71.
  12. ↑ a b c Nassauische Annalen : Yearbook of the Verein für Nassauische Altertumskunde und Geschichtsforschung, Volume 80, 1969, p. 414.
  13. ↑ a b Helmut Hirsch : Sophie von Hatzfeldt: in personal testimonies, time and picture documents . Schwann, 1981, pp. 190-191.
  14. ↑ Ambassador Paul Graf von Hatzfeldt: Nachgelassene Papiere 1838–1901 , Volume 1, Boldt 1976, p. 275.
  15. ↑ Otto Renkhoff: Nassauische Biographie: Short biographies from 13 centuries , Historical Commission for Nassau, 1992, p. 281, 1578–1579.
  16. ^ Exposé: Exhibition - Heinrich Siesmayer. Garden artist of the early days , website of the FrankfurtRheinMain cultural region; accessed on March 6, 2020.
  17. ^ Astrid Küntzel: Sophie von Hatzfeldt . In: Internet portal Rheinische Geschichte.
  18. ^ Christiane Kling-Mathey: Countess Hatzfeldt: 1805–1881: a biography . Dietz, 1989, p. 246.
  19. ↑ Christopher Hibbert: Edward VII: The Last Victorian King . St. Martin's Publishing Group, 2007, p. 302.
  20. ^ Special catalog of the exhibition of German wines , p. 120 .
  21. ^ Hans Philippi : Hatzfeldt-Wildenburg, Paul Graf von . In: Neue Deutsche Biographie 8 (1969), pp. 65-67.
  22. ↑ Wolfgang Mommsen , Federal Archives : The bequests in the German archives: (with additions from other holdings) . H. Boldt, 1983, p. 811.
  23. ↑ a b c Gustav Mayer : Letters from and to Lassalle until 1848 . DVA, 1921, pp. 15-16, doi: 10.1007 / 978-3-642-94433-8_1 .
  24. ^ Heinrich Cunow : Ferdinand Lassalle and Heinrich Heine . In: The New Time . Wochenschrift der deutschen Sozialdemokratie , 39.1920–1921, Volume 2 (1921), Issue 10, pp. 221–229.
  25. ↑ Ferdinand Lassalle: Postponed letters and writings . Historical commission at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences .
  26. ↑ Hedwig Brüchert, Kerstin Kersandt: Forced Labor in Wiesbaden: The Use of Forced Labor in the Wiesbaden War Economy 1939 to 1945 . Magistrate of the state capital Wiesbaden, Wiesbaden 2003, ISBN 3-9802-9069-7 . P. 104
  27. ^ Frauenstein, prisoner-of-war labor command. Topography of National Socialism in Hesse (as of February 14, 2011). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS). Hessian State Office for Historical Cultural Studies (HLGL), accessed on April 9, 2020 .
  28. ↑ Housing directory, here: naming and cancellation of housing in the state capital Wiesbaden . In: State Gazette for the State of Hesse , No. 16/1984, p. 783.
  29. ↑ Come out of cover . Filmhaus Frankfurt; accessed on March 6, 2020.
  30. ↑ Sabine Müller: Henry Maske kisses in Wiesbaden . In: Frankfurter Rundschau , July 8, 2009.

Coordinates: 50 ° 3 '58.2 "  N , 8 ° 8' 52.4"  E