War correspondent and Talk:The King's School, Grantham: Difference between pages
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{{Original research|date=September 2007}} |
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world famous alumni[[User:Victuallers|Victuallers]] 22:47, 24 March 2007 (UTC) |
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A '''war correspondent''' is a [[journalist]] who covers stories firsthand from a [[war|war zone]]. In the [[19th century]] they were also called ''Special Correspondents''. |
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Is the mention of the "chamber of secrets" toilets necessary? |
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==Methods== |
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Their jobs require war correspondents to deliberately go to the most conflict-ridden parts of the world. Once there they attempt to get close enough to the action to provide written accounts, photos, or film footage. Thus, being a war correspondent is often considered the most dangerous form of journalism. On the other hand, war coverage is also one of the most successful branches of journalism. Newspaper sales increase greatly in wartime and television news ratings go up. News organizations have sometimes been accused of [[Militarism|warmongering]] because of the advantages they gather from conflict. [[William Randolph Hearst]] is often said to have encouraged the [[Spanish-American War]] for this reason. (See [[Yellow journalism]]) |
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--Aparently so. |
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Only some conflicts receive extensive worldwide coverage, however. Among recent wars, the [[Kosovo War]] received a great deal of coverage, as did the [[Gulf War]]. Many [[third-world]] wars, however, tend to received less substantial coverage because corporate media are often less interested, the lack of infrastructure makes reporting more difficult and expensive, and the conflicts are also far more dangerous for war correspondents. |
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chamber of secrets toliets... another magnificent waste of money by the school |
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==History== |
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Written war correspondents have existed as long as journalism. Before modern journalism it was more common for longer histories to be written at the end of a conflict. The first known of these is [[Herodotus]]'s account of the [[Greco-Persian Wars|Persian Wars]], however he did not himself participate in the events. [[Thucydides]], who some years later wrote a history of the [[Peloponnesian War]]s was an observer to the events he described. |
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The first modern war correspondent is said to be [[Netherlands|Dutch]] painter [[Willem van de Velde the Elder|Willem van de Velde]], who in 1653 took to sea in a small boat to observe a naval battle between the Dutch and the English, of which he made many sketches on the spot, which he later developed into one big drawing that he added to a report he wrote to the [[States-General of the Netherlands|States General]]. A further modernization came with the development of [[newspaper]]s and [[magazine]]s . One of the earliest war correspondents was [[Henry Crabb Robinson]], who covered [[Napoleon I of France|Napoleon]]'s campaigns in Spain and Germany for ''[[The Times]]'' of London. |
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== |
==Debating society== |
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Are David Pratt and Daniel Leahy students at the school? If so I'd suggest they're not notable enough to keep updating the presidents of the debating society with each new academic year - is this a shared opinion? |
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[[William Howard Russell]] who covered the [[Crimean War]], also for ''The Times'', is often described as the first modern war correspondent. The stories from this era, which were almost as lengthy and analytical as early books on war, took many weeks from being written to being published. |
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<h> |
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This is not a forum for discussing the structure of the hierarchy of the socity. |
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===Russo Japanese War=== |
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No reason for discussion. |
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[[Image:Foreign Officiers and Correspondents after the Battle of Shaho.jpg|thumb|right|Western [[military attaché]]s and war correspondents with the Japanese forces after the [[Battle of Shaho]] (1904): 1. [[Robert Moore Collins|Robert Collins]]; 2. [[David Stewart Fraser|David Fraser]]; 3. Capt. [[Francois Dhani]]; 4. Capt. [[James Bruce Jardine|James Jardine]]; 5. [[Frederick Arthur McKenzie|Frederick McKenzie]]; 6. [[Edward Frederick Knight|Edward Knight]]; 7. [[Charles Victor-Thomas]]; 8. [[Oscar King Davis|Oscar Davis]]; 9. [[William Maxwell (journalist)|William Maxwell]]; 10. [[Robert Joseph MacHugh|Robert MacHugh]]; 11. [[William Dinwiddie]]; 12. [[Frederick Palmer (journalist)|Frederick Palmer]]; 13. Capt. [[Berkeley Vincent]]; 14. [[John Poster Bass|John Bass]]; 15. [[Martin Henry Donohoe|Martin Donohoe]]; 16. Capt. ____; 17. Capt. [[Carl von Hoffman]]; 18. ____; 19. ____; 20. ____; 21. Gen. Sir [[Ian Standish Monteith Hamilton|Ian Hamilton]]; 22. ____; 23. ____; 24. ____; 25. ____.]] |
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{{main|Military attachés and observers in the Russo-Japanese War}} |
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It was not until the [[Telegraphy|telegraph]] was developed that reports could be sent on a daily basis and events could be reported as they occurred that the short mainly descriptive stories of today became common. Press coverage of the [[Russo-Japanese War]] was affected by restrictions on the movement of reporters and strict censorship. In all military conflicts which followed this 1904-1905 war, close attention to more managed reporting was considered essential.<ref name="London1">Walker, Dale L. [http://www.jacklondons.net/Journalism/jackLondonsWar.html "Jack London's War."] World of Jack London website.</ref> |
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===First World War=== |
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{{main|Military attachés and war correspondents in the First World War}} |
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The [[First World War]] was the first modern mediated war in the sense that warfare becomes conflicts and controversies between parties who exchange information and arguments indirectly by the mass media and their special correspondents reporting from the front lines of warfare. The discourse in mediated conflicts is influenced by its public character. By forwarding information and arguments to the media, conflict parties attempt to gain support from their constituencies and persuade their opponents.<ref name="kepplinger">Kepplinger, Hans Mathias ''et al'' [http://www.jstor.org/pss/3650646 "Instrumental Actualization: A Theory of Mediated Conflicts,"] ''European Journal of Communication,'' Vol. 6, No. 3, 263-290 (1991).</ref> |
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The continued progress of technology has allowed live coverage of events via [[satellite]] up-links. The rise of twenty-four hour news channels has led to a heightened demand for coverage. |
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Early film and television news rarely had war correspondents. Rather they would simply collect footage provided by other sources, often the government, and the [[News presenter|news anchor]] would then add [[Narrator|narration]]. This footage was often staged as cameras were large and bulky. This changed dramatically with the [[Vietnam War]] when networks from around the world sent cameramen with portable cameras and correspondents. This proved damaging to the United States as the full brutality of war became a daily feature on the nightly news. |
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== Notable war correspondents == |
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Some of them became authors of fiction drawing on their war experiences, including Davis, Crane and Hemingway. |
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{{dynamic list}} |
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===19th century=== |
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{{col-start}} |
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{{col-2}} |
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*[[Ellis Ashmead-Bartlett]] (1881-1931); covered the [[Russo-Japanese War]] and [[World War I]]. |
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*[[Robert King Beach]]; covered the [[Spanish-American War]]. |
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* [[Kit Coleman]] first female war correspondent |
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{{col-2}} |
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*[[Stephen Crane]] (1871-1900); covered the [[1897 Greco-Turkish War]], where he contracted [[tuberculosis]]. |
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* [[William Howard Russell]] |
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* [[Benjamin C. Truman]] |
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{{col-end}} |
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===20th century=== |
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{{col-start}} |
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{{col-2}} |
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*[[Mary Marvin Breckinridge]] (1905-2002); covered [[World War II]]. |
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*[[Wilfred Burchett]] (1911-1983); covered the [[Pacific War]], [[Korean War]] and Vietnam War. He was known for covering news from the "other side" of the battlefield, and was often criticised of being a communist sympathiser. |
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*[[Robert Capa]] (1913-1954); covered the [[Spanish Civil War]], [[Second Sino-Japanese War]], the [[European Theatre of World War II]] and the [[First Indochina War]] (where he was killed by a [[landmine]]). |
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*[[Dickey Chapelle]] (1918-1965); covered the Pacific War, the [[1956 Hungarian Revolution]] and the Vietnam War (where she was killed by a landmine). She was the first female US war correspondent to be killed in action. |
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*[[Basil Clarke]] (1879-1947); covered the fighting on the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front during WWI]]. |
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*[[Neil Davis (cameraman)|Neil Davis]] - Australian combat cameraman covered the [[Vietnam War]], Cambodia and Laos and subsequently conflicts in Africa. |
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*[[Richard Dimbleby]] (1913-1965); covered World War II |
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*[[Kurt Eggers]] (-1943) World War II SS correspondent, editor of the SS magazine ''[[Das Schwarze Korps]]'', was killed while reporting on the [[Wiking]]'s battles near [[Kharkov]]. The German [[SS-Standarte Kurt Eggers]] was named in his honor. |
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*[[Gloria Emerson]] (1929-2004); covered the Vietnam War. |
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*[[Bernard B. Fall]] (1926-1967); covered the First Indochina War and the Vietnam War (where he was killed by a [[landmine]]). |
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*[[J.C. Furnas]]; covered World War II. |
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*[[Martha Gellhorn]] (1908-1998); covered the Spanish Civil War, World War II, Vietnam War, the [[Six-Day War]] and even the [[U.S. invasion of Panama]]. |
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{{col-2}} |
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*[[Georgie Anne Geyer]] (born 1935); covered the [[Guatemalan Civil War]] and the Algerian Civil War. |
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*[[Al Gore]] (born 1948); covered the Vietnam War. |
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*[[Cork Graham]] (born 1964); covered the [[Salvadoran Civil War]] from 1985 to 1989; imprisoned for 11 months in Vietnam 1983 to 1984 while on assignment for the Associated Press. |
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*[[Louis Grondijs]] (1878-1961); covered [[Russo-Japanese War]], World War I, the [[Russian Civil War]], the [[Invasion of Manchuria]] and the Spanish Civil War. |
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* [[David Halberstam]] |
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* [[Macdonald Hastings]] |
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* [[Max Hastings]] |
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* [[Ernest Hemingway]] |
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* [[Michael Herr]] |
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* [[Marguerite Higgins]]; paved the way for female war correspondents. |
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* [[Larry LeSueur]], CBS radio correspondent, reported from rooftops during [[World War II]] London [[blitz]]es, went ashore in the first waves of the [[D-Day]] invasion, and broadcast to America the Allied [[liberation of Paris]]. |
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* [[Anne O'Hare McCormick]] |
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* [[Alan Moorehead]] |
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* [[Edward R. Murrow]] |
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* [[Ernie Pyle]] |
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* [[Joe Rosenthal]], received the [[Pulitzer Prize]] for his iconic [[World War II]] photograph [[Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima]] |
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* [[John Sack]] |
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* [[Sydney Schanberg]], his experiences in Cambodia during the Vietnam War are dramatized in ''[[The Killing Fields (film)|The Killing Fields]]'' |
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* [[Sigrid Schultz]] |
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* [[Richard Tregaskis]], author of ''Guadalcanal Diary'', dramatized in movie of same name. |
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* [[Eric Lloyd Williams]] |
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* [[Chester Wilmot]] |
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{{col-end}} |
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===21st century=== |
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{{col-start}} |
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{{col-2}} |
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*[[Richard Engel]]; covered the [[Iraq War]] and the [[2006 Lebanon War]]. |
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* [[Lara Logan]] |
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{{col-2}} |
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* [[Kevin Sites]] |
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{{col-end}} |
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===General=== |
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{{col-start}} |
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{{col-2}} |
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*[[Kate Adie]] (born 1945); covered the [[Gulf War]], [[Yugoslav Wars]], [[Rwandan Genocide]] and the [[Sierra Leone Civil War]]. |
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*[[Christiane Amanpour]] (born 1958); covered the Gulf War and the [[Bosnian War]]. |
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*[[Peter Arnett]] (born 1934); covered the [[Vietnam War]], 1991 [[Gulf War]], the [[War in Afghanistan (2001–present)|2001 Invasion of Afghanistan]] and the 2003 [[Iraq War]]. He is known for covering news from the "other side" of the battlefield. |
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*[[Martin Bell]] (born 1938); covered the Vietnam War, [[Biafra War]], [[The Troubles]] in [[Northern Ireland]], the [[Angolan Civil War]] and the Bosnian War. |
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*[[Peter Cave]] (born 1952); covered the [[Gulf War]], [[Yugoslav Wars]],The Coconut War in the [[New Hebrides]] , [[Iraq War]], [[Tiananmen Square]] |
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*[[Winston Churchill]] (1874-1965); covered the [[Siege of Malakand]], the [[Mahdist War]] and the [[Second Boer War]]. |
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*[[Richard Harding Davis]] (1864-1916); covered the Spanish-American War, Second Boer War and the fighting on the [[Macedonian front]] during WWI. |
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*[[Lady Florence Dixie]] (1855-1905); covered the [[First Boer War]]<ref>''DIXIE, Lady Florence'' in ''Who Was Who'' online at [http://www.xreferplus.com/entry.jsp?xrefid=7345683 7345683] at xreferplus.com (subscription required), accessed 11 March 2008</ref> |
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*[[Robert Fisk]] (born 1946); covered the [[Lebanese Civil War]], the [[Iranian Revolution]], [[Iran–Iraq War]], the 1991 Persian Gulf War, the [[Algerian Civil War]], [[Kosovo War]] and the 2003 Iraq War. |
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* [[Peggy Hull]] |
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* [[Ryszard Kapuściński]] |
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* [[Helen Kirkpatrick]] |
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* [[Terry Lloyd]] |
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* [[Anthony Loyd]] |
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{{col-2}} |
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* [[Karen Maron]] |
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* [[Waldemar Milewicz]] |
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* [[Kenji Nagai]] |
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* [[Arturo Pérez-Reverte]], worked for [[Pueblo (newspaper)|Pueblo]] and Spanish [[TVE]]. Covered the [[Bosnian War]] among others. |
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* [[Robert Young Pelton]] Journalist, Author, and filmmaker. Known for his 1000+ page guide to warzones and survival, [[The World's Most Dangerous Places]]. Pelton's TV series and films contain interviews and document time spent with reclusive rebel groups and travels through over three dozen conflict zones. Pelton has covered conflicts for CBS 60 Minutes, ABC Investigative Unit, CNN, National Geographic, Men's Journal among others. |
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* [[John Pilger]] |
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* [[Dan Rather]] |
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* [[Anna Politkovskaya]] |
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* [[Joe Sacco]] (comic war correspondence) |
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* [[Morley Safer]] |
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* [[Matt Sanchez]] |
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* [[Kurt Schork]] |
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* [[Sylvester "Harry" Scovell]] |
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* [[Giuliana Sgrena]] |
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* [[John Simpson]] |
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* [[Daniel Wakefield Smith|Daniel Smith]] |
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*[[Michael Ware]] (born 1969); ongoing coverage of the [[2003 invasion of Iraq|invasion]] and [[Iraq War|occupation of Iraq]]. Reporting from the perspectives of all combatant groups. |
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* [[Kate Webb]] |
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* [[Rod Williams]]<ref>1966 (inducted into the National Broadcasters Hall Of Fame. [http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-1450413137727324109&q=rod+williams video letter to his daughter from Vietnam]</ref> |
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{{col-end}} |
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== See also == |
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{{portalpar|Journalism|Portal.svg}} |
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* [[Embedded journalism]] |
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* [[War correspondents 1942-43]] |
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* [[Press pool]] |
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* [[:Category:War correspondents]] |
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* [[Breathing (memorial sculpture)]] |
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==Notes== |
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{{reflist|2}} |
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== External links == |
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* [http://war-reporting.blogspot.com An investigation into war reporting] |
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* [http://www.poynter.org/content/content_view.asp?id=27695 War Correspondents: A Book Bibliography] |
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* [http://www.cpj.org/Briefings/Iraq/Iraq_danger.html A statistical analysis of journalists killed in Iraq since hostilities began in March 2003] |
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* [http://www.correspondent.tv/Awards/?aokeywords=&aoca=10&aocr=13&campaignRef=1 The finalists of the 2007 Rory Peck Awards online on correspondent.tv] |
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[[Category:Reporting specialties]] |
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[[Category:People associated with war]] |
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[[Category:War correspondents|*]] |
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[[ar:مراسل حربي]] |
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[[de:Kriegsberichterstattung]] |
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[[fr:Correspondant de guerre]] |
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[[nl:Oorlogsverslaggever]] |
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[[no:Krigsreportasje]] |
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[[pl:Korespondent wojenny]] |
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[[pt:Correspondente de guerra]] |
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[[ru:Военный корреспондент]] |
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[[sl:Vojni dopisnik]] |
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[[fi:Sotakirjeenvaihtaja]] |
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Revision as of 19:23, 12 October 2008
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world famous alumniVictuallers 22:47, 24 March 2007 (UTC)
Is the mention of the "chamber of secrets" toilets necessary?
--Aparently so.
chamber of secrets toliets... another magnificent waste of money by the school
Debating society
Are David Pratt and Daniel Leahy students at the school? If so I'd suggest they're not notable enough to keep updating the presidents of the debating society with each new academic year - is this a shared opinion? <h> This is not a forum for discussing the structure of the hierarchy of the socity. No reason for discussion.