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{{selfref|[[WP:CONFLICT]] redirects here. You may also be looking for [[Help:Edit conflict]].}}
{{subcat guideline|behavioral guideline|Conflict of interest|WP:COI|WP:CONFLICT}}
{{nutshell|Do not edit Wikipedia to promote your own interests, or those of other individuals, companies, or groups, unless you are certain that the interests of Wikipedia remain paramount.}}
{{For|specific examples where you may be able to help|Wikipedia:Conflict of interest/Noticeboard}}
{{Guideline list}}

A Wikipedia '''[[conflict of interest]]''' ('''COI''') is an incompatibility between the aim of Wikipedia, which is to produce a [[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|neutral]], [[Wikipedia:Verifiability|reliably sourced]] encyclopedia, and the aims of an individual editor.

COI editing involves contributing to Wikipedia in order to promote your own interests or those of other individuals, companies, or groups. '''Where an editor must forgo advancing the aims of Wikipedia in order to advance outside interests, that editor stands in a conflict of interest.'''

COI editing is strongly discouraged. When editing causes disruption to the encyclopedia through violation of policies such as [[WP:NPOV|neutral point of view]], [[WP:NOT|what Wikipedia is not]], and [[WP:N|notability]], accounts may be blocked. COI editing also risks causing public embarrassment outside of Wikipedia for the individuals and groups being promoted.<ref>Editing in the interests of public relations is particularly frowned upon. This includes, but is not limited to, edits made by [[public relations]] departments of corporations; or of other public or private for-profit or not-for-profit organizations; or by professional editors paid to edit a Wikipedia article with the ''sole intent'' of improving that organization's image. Wikipedia is a very public forum, and news of what occurs here is frequently reported in the media. "Anything you say here and anything you do here can have real world consequences." '''See: [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia is in the real world|Wikipedia is in the real world]]'''</ref>

When investigating possible cases of COI editing, Wikipedians must be careful not to [[WP:OUTING|out]] other editors. Wikipedia's [[WP:HARASS|policy against harassment]] takes precedence over this guideline. COI situations are usually revealed when the editor themselves discloses a relationship to the subject that they are editing. In case the editor does not identity themselves or their affiliation, reference to the [[WP:NPOV|neutral point of view policy]] may help counteract biased editing.

==What is a conflict of interest?==
{{see also|Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not}}

Wikipedia is an encyclopedia, not a forum for advertising or self-promotion, or a vanity press. As such, it should contain only material that complies with its content policies, and Wikipedians must place the interests of the encyclopedia first. Any editor who gives priority to outside interests may be subject to a conflict of interest.

There are no firm criteria to determine whether a conflict of interest exists, but there are warning signs. Adding material that appears to promote the interests or visibility of an article's author, its author's family members, employer, associates, or their business or personal interests, places the author in a conflict of interest. When editors write to promote their own interests, their contributions often show a characteristic lack of connection to anything the general reader might want to consult as a reference. If you do write an article on an area in which you are personally involved, be sure to write in a [[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|neutral tone]] and cite reliable, third-party published [[Wikipedia:Verifiability|sources]], and beware of unintentional bias. [[WP:NPOV|Neutral point of view]] is one of Wikipedia's [[WP:5P|five pillars]].

If other editors suggest that your editing violates Wikipedia's standards, take that advice seriously and consider stepping back, reassessing your edits, and discussing your intentions with the community. In particular, consider whether you are editing [[Wikipedia:Tendentious editing|tendentiously]].

===Examples===

;Citing oneself
{{See also|Wikipedia:Autobiography|Wikipedia:No original research#Citing oneself}}
Editing in an area in which you have professional or academic expertise is not, in itself, a conflict of interest. Using material you yourself have written or published is allowed within reason, but only if it is notable and conforms to the content policies. Excessive self-citation is strongly discouraged. When in doubt, defer to the community's opinion.

;Financial
If you fit either of these descriptions:

# you are receiving monetary or other benefits or considerations to edit Wikipedia as a representative of an organization (whether directly as an employee or contractor of that organization, or indirectly as an employee or contractor of a firm hired by that organization for public relations purposes); or,
# you expect to derive monetary or other benefits or considerations from editing Wikipedia; for example, by being the owner, officer or other stakeholder of a company or other organisation about which you are writing;
#Generally speaking, the [[WP:REWARD|Reward Board]] is an exception as you may derive monetary gain from editing Wikipedia, due to the fact these are usually rewards for featured or good article status; which should not introduce bias. However, be wary of editors asking you to make specific edits or to "clean up a hatchet job" as you may unwarily become their [[Wikipedia:Meatpuppet|meatpuppet]].
then we '''very strongly''' encourage you to avoid editing Wikipedia in areas where there is a conflict of interest that would make your edits non-neutral (biased). Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|neutral point of view]] policy states that all articles must represent views fairly and without bias, and conflicts of interest do significantly and negatively affect Wikipedia's ability to fulfill this requirement. If your financially-motivated edits would be non-neutral, do '''not''' post them.
;Legal antagonists
If you are involved in a court case, or close to one of the litigants, you would find it very hard to demonstrate that what you wrote about a party or a law firm associated with the case, or a related area of law, was entirely objective. Even a '''minor''' slip up in neutrality in a court-case article on Wikipedia for an active case-in-progress could potentially be noticed by the courts or their parties, and this could potentially cause real-world harm, not just harm to Wikipedia. Because of this, we '''strongly discourage''' editing when this type of conflict exists.

;<span id="Self_promotion">Self-promotion</span>
Conflict of interest often presents itself in the form of self-promotion, including advertising links, personal website links, personal or semi-personal photos, or other material that appears to promote the private or commercial interests of the editor, or their associates.

Examples of these types of material include:
# Links that appear to promote products by pointing to obscure or not particularly relevant commercial sites (''commercial links'').
# Links that appear to promote otherwise obscure individuals by pointing to their personal pages.
# Biographical material that does not significantly add to the clarity or quality of the article.

;Autobiography
{{details|Wikipedia:Autobiography}}
It is not recommended that you write an article about yourself. If you are notable, someone else will notice you and write the article. In some cases, Wikipedia users write articles about themselves when the more appropriate action would be to create a [[Wikipedia:User page|user page]]. In these cases, the article is normally moved into the user namespace rather than deleted. If you believe you may be notable enough, make your case on the appropriate talk pages, and seek [[Wikipedia:Consensus|consensus]] first, both with the notability ''and'' any proposed autobiography.

;Close relationships
[[Friedrich Engels]] would have had difficulty editing the [[Karl Marx]] article, because he was a close friend, follower and collaborator of Marx.<ref>[[Isaiah Berlin]]:

: ''In his own lifetime Engels desired no better fate than to live in the light of Marx's teaching, perceiving in him a spring of original genius which gave life and scope to his own peculiar gifts; with him he identified himself and his work, to be rewarded by sharing in his master's immortality.''

From Berlin's ''Karl Marx'', 4th edition, p. 75. This description covers several aspects of what it might be to stand ''too close'' to a subject.</ref> Any situation where strong relationships can develop may trigger a conflict of interest. Conflict of interest can be personal, religious, political, academic, financial, and legal. It is not determined by area, but is created by relationships that involve a high level of personal commitment to, involvement with, or dependence upon, a person, subject, idea, tradition, or organization.

Closeness to a subject does not mean you're incapable of being neutral, but it may incline you towards some bias. Be guided by the advice of other editors. If editors on a talk page suggest in good faith that you may have a conflict of interest, try to identify and minimize your biases, and consider withdrawing from editing the article. As a rule of thumb, the more involvement you have with a topic in real life, the more careful you should be with our core content policies &mdash; [[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view]], [[Wikipedia:No original research]], and [[Wikipedia:Verifiability]] &mdash; when editing in that area.
The definition of "too close" in this context is governed by [[common sense]]. An article about a little-known band should preferably not be written by a band member or the manager. However, an expert on climate change is welcome to contribute to articles on that subject, even if that editor is deeply committed to the subject.

;Campaigning
Activities regarded by insiders as simply "getting the word out" may appear promotional or propagandistic to the outside world. If you edit articles while involved with organizations that engage in advocacy in that area, you may have a conflict of interest.

;Promotional article production on behalf of clients
Producing promotional articles for Wikipedia on behalf of clients is strictly prohibited.

==How to avoid COI edits==
Wikipedia is "the encyclopedia that anyone can edit," but if you have a conflict of interest '''avoid''', or '''exercise great caution''' when:
#'''Editing''' articles related to you, your organization, or its competitors, as well as projects and products they are involved with,
#'''Participating''' in [[Wikipedia:Deletion policy#Deletion_processes|deletion discussions]] about articles related to your organization or its competitors,
# '''Linking''' to the Wikipedia article or website of your organization in other articles (see [[Wikipedia:Spam]]);
#:and you must '''always''':
# '''Avoid breaching''' relevant policies and guidelines, especially [[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|neutral point of view]], [[Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]], and [[Wikipedia:Autobiography|autobiography]].

{| style="border:solid black 1px; margin:10px; padding:10px;background-color: floralwhite; "
! Action
|-
|Those who feel the need to make controversial edits, in spite of a real or perceived conflict of interest, are '''strongly encouraged''' to submit proposed edits for review on the article's talk page along with a {{[[Template:Request edit|Request edit]]}} tag to attract users to review the edit, or to file a [[Wikipedia:Requests for comment|request for comment]].
|}

==User subspace to publish short autobiographies==
Contributing signed-in users may use their [[Wikipedia:User page|user subspace]] to publish short autobiographies within the bounds of good taste and compatible with the purpose of working on the encyclopedia. If you wish to write about yourself without working on the encyclopedia, consider starting a website or a blog instead. [[Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not|Wikipedia is not]] a free [[webhost]].

==How to handle conflicts of interest==
Conflict of interest often raises questions as to whether material should be included in the encyclopedia or not. It also can be a cause, or contributing factor, in disputes over whether editors have an agenda that undermines the mission of Wikipedia. Suspected conflict of interest incidents may be reported on the [[Wikipedia:Conflict of interest/Noticeboard|conflict of interest noticeboard]], and users may be warned with the {{tl|uw-coi}} user warning template. Conflict of interest is not a reason to delete an article although other problems with the article arising from a conflict of interest may be valid [[wp:CFD|criteria for deletion]].

;Dealing with suspected conflicted editors
The first approach should be direct discussion of the issue with the editor, referring to this guideline. If persuasion fails, consider whether you are involved in a [[Wikipedia:content dispute|content dispute]]. If so, an early recourse to [[Wikipedia:Dispute resolution|dispute resolution]] may help. Another option is to initiate discussion at [[WP:COIN]], where experienced editors may be able to help you resolve the matter without recourse to publishing assertions and accusations on Wikipedia. Using COI allegations to harass an editor or to gain the upper hand in a content dispute is prohibited, and can result in a block or ban.

Wikipedia places importance on both the neutrality of articles and the ability of editors to edit pseudonymously. Do not [[WP:OUTING|out an editor's real life identity]] in order to prove a conflict of interest. Wikipedia's [[WP:HARASS|policy against harassment]] takes precedence over this guideline. COI situations are usually revealed when the editor themselves discloses a relationship to the subject that they are editing. In case the editor does not identity themselves or their affiliation, reference to the [[WP:NPOV|neutral point of view policy]] may help counteract biased editing.

;Primacy of basic content policies
All text created in the Wikipedia main [[Wikipedia:Namespace|namespace]] is subject to rules covering criteria for articles ([[Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not|what Wikipedia is not]]); encyclopedic quality ([[Wikipedia:Verifiability|verifiability]] and [[Wikipedia:No original research|original research]]); editorial approach ([[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|neutral point of view]]); as well as the Wikipedia [[Wikipedia:Copyrights|copyright policy]]. All editors are expected to stick closely to these policies when creating and evaluating material, and to respect the good faith actions of others who edit content to ensure it complies with these policies.

Who has written the material should be irrelevant so long as these policies are closely adhered to. The imputation of conflict of interest is not by itself a good reason to remove sound material from articles. However, an apparent conflict of interest is a good reason for close review by the community to identify any subtle bias.

For an article about something obviously important, but which was written with too much COI to easily edit, it is often possible to reduce an article to the basic identifying information and then neutral editors can help the article to be improved.

;Importance of civility
During debates in articles' talk pages and at [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion|articles for deletion]], disparaging comments may fly about the subject of the article/author and the author's motives. These may border on [[Wikipedia:No personal attacks|personal attacks]], and may discourage the article's creator from making future valuable contributions.

'''Avoid using the word "vanity" or similar judgmental terms''' &mdash; this is accusatory and [[Wikipedia:Please do not bite the newcomers|discouraging]]. It is not helpful, nor reason to delete an article. [[Wikipedia:Assume good faith|Assuming good faith]], start from the idea that the contributor was genuinely trying to help increase Wikipedia's coverage.

;Conflict of interest in point of view disputes
Another case is within disputes relating to [[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|non-neutral points of view]], where underlying conflicts of interest may aggravate editorial disagreements. In this scenario, it may be easy to make claims about conflict of interest. Do not use conflict of interest as an excuse to gain the upper hand in a content dispute. When conflicts exist, invite the conflicted editor to contribute to the article talk page, and give their views fair consideration.

==How ''not'' to handle COI==
There is a little drama that is enacted more often than it should be.

* ''Act One:'' Someone writes a hatchet job about a company with a less than stellar reputation.

* ''Act Two:'' The company arrives, is (justifiably) horrified and angered by the hatchet job. They respond without experience, clumsily, by trying to force a change to a whitewash.

* ''Act Three:'' Self-righteous Wikipedian responds in anger against the attempt to "censor" or "whitewash" by yelling at the company and forcing the article back to a hatchet job status.

* ''Act Four:'' Company comes crying to [[WP:OTRS|otrs]] and the [[WP:OFFICE|office]].

* ''Act Five:'' In the happy version of the ending, otrs/the office comes in and reminds everyone to act with love and neutrality to write a good article which is acceptable to both reasonable critics and reasonable supporters of the company... reliance on solid sources, neutral language, etc. carries the day.

In reality, Act Five often ends up cycling back through Acts One through Four. This is a [[Bad Thing]].

Remember: an editor with a self-evident interest in the matter turning up on the talk page is an indication that they are ''playing it straight''. Even if the changes they advocate are hopelessly biased, treat them with respect and courtesy, refer to policy and sources, and be ''fair''.

See also: [[WP:DOLT]]

==Editors who may have a conflict of interest==
This section of the guideline is aimed at editors who may have a conflict of interest. In keeping with Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:Neutral point of view|neutral point of view]] policy, edits in mainspace where there is a clear conflict of interest, or where such a conflict can be reasonably assumed, are strongly discouraged. Significantly biased edits in mainspace are forbidden.

===Declaring an interest===
Some editors declare an interest in a particular topic area. They do this in various ways. Many Wikipedians show their allegiances and affiliations on their user pages. You may choose to reveal something about yourself in a talk page discussion.

;Reasons to declare an interest
* You will benefit from the [[WP:AGF|assumption of good faith]].
* Most editors will appreciate your [[Wikipedia:Honesty|honesty]] and try to help you.
* You lay the basis for requesting help from others to post material for you, or to review material you wish to post yourself.

;Disadvantages of COI editing on the sly:
* If your edits violate [[WP:NPOV|neutral point of view]], they can be reverted.
* Although other editors are not allowed to reveal your identity, they may come to understand who you are, and may realize that you are [[WP:GAME|gaming the system]].
* People outside Wikipedia, such as reporters, may uncover your COI editing, and may generate negative publicity for you or your company. Wikipedia cannot prevent outsiders from discovering and revealing your identity.

;Example of a disclosure
[http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Solomon_Trujillo&diff=prev&oldid=205038309 This disclosure note] shows how a user who wishes to edit on behalf of a topic where they are closely connected can request help from other editors.

===Defending interests===
In a few cases, outside interests coincide with Wikipedia’s interests. An important example is that unsupported defamatory material appearing in articles may be removed at once. Anyone may do this, and should do this, and this guideline applies widely to any unsourced or poorly sourced, potentially libelous postings. In this case it is unproblematic to defend the interest of the person or institution involved. An entire article that presents as an attack piece or hostile journalism can be nominated for [[Wikipedia:Speedy deletion|speedy deletion]] and will be removed promptly from the site. Those who post here in this fashion will also be subject to administrative sanction. [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons]] gives details on how biographical articles on living persons should be written.

On the other hand, the removal of reliably sourced critical material is not permitted. Accounts of public controversies, if backed by reliable sources, form an integral part of Wikipedia's coverage. Slanting the balance of articles as a form of defence of some figure, group, institution, or product is bad for the encyclopedia. This is also the case if you find an article overwhelmed with correctly referenced, but exclusively negative information. This may present a case of [[WP:UNDUE|undue weight]], for example, when 90% of an article about a particular company discusses a lawsuit one client once brought against it. In such a case, such material should be condensed by a neutral editor, and the other sections expanded. One of the best ways to go about this is to request this on the talk page.

The intermediate territory will naturally contain some grey areas. In many articles, criticism tends to collect in a separate section. There you may find properly referenced reports of well-publicised debates next to vague assertions that "Some people say X, while others think Y." Treat everything on its merits. Ask for reliable sources. Before removing a whole criticism section or article and distributing its parts over other sections of the article, which may be the best way ahead, consult other editors on the Talk page. Use crisp, informative edit summaries to detail what you have done, an excellent way to establish your reputation as a diligent editor. Raise any less obvious reasoning as a note on the talk page, with any additional links that support your edits.

===Suggesting changes to articles, or requesting a new article===
{{shortcut|WP:COIC|WP:COI compliance}}
{{seealso|Wikipedia:Suggestions for COI compliance}}
An editor with a conflict of interest who wishes to suggest substantive changes to an article should use that article's [[Wikipedia:Talk page|talk page]]. When making a request please consider [[Wikipedia:Conflict_of_interest#Declaring_an_interest|disclosing your conflict of interest]] to avoid misunderstanding.

To request a new article, you can present your idea on the talk page of a relevant article or [[Wikipedia:Wikiprojects|WikiProject]].

===Non-controversial edits===

Editors who may have a conflict of interest are allowed to make certain kinds of non-controversial edits, such as:

# Removing [[Wikipedia:Spam|spam]] and reverting [[Wikipedia:Vandalism|vandalism]].
# Deleting content that violates Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons|biography of living persons]] policy.
# Fixing spelling and grammar errors.
# Reverting or removing their own COI edits. Cleaning up your own mess is allowed and encouraged.
# Making edits that have been agreed to on the talk page.

To determine what is controversial, use common sense. If another [[Wikipedia:Assume good faith|good faith]] editor objects, then it's controversial.

====Photographs and media files====
Wikimedia Commons encourages parties with potential conflicts of interest to upload digital media files, such as photographs, illustrations, audio files and video clips, so long as the media is of good quality, is in a format we use and the copyright holder is willing do so under one of the free licenses we accept.

While Commons prefers full resolution media, reduced resolution images are acceptable when the copyright owner is unwilling to freely license a full quality image. See [http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Welcome Commons:Welcome] for detailed requirements.

Once media files are uploaded to Commons, they can then be incorporated into Wikipedia articles where appropriate. The best approach is to mention the availability of the image or media files on the article's talk page. But it is usually acceptable to edit the article directly to add one or two images that illustrate the existing article content, e.g. adding a publicity mug shot to the biography of a performing artist.

===Consequences of ignoring this guideline===
{{shortcut|WP:LUC}}
{{see|Wikipedia:Ownership of articles}}
:{| style="border:black solid 1px" width="90%"
| style="background-color:#c8ffc8" | <center>'''Wikipedia's Law of Unintended Consequences'''</center><br>If you write in Wikipedia about yourself, your group, your company, or your pet idea, once the article is created, [[Wikipedia:Ownership of articles|you have no right to control its content]], and no right to delete it outside our [[Wikipedia:Articles for deletion|normal channels]]. Content is not deleted just because somebody doesn't like it. Any editor may add material to or remove material from the article within the terms of our content policies. If there is anything publicly available on a topic that you would not want included in an article, it will probably find its way there eventually. More than one user has created an article only to find himself presented in a poor light long-term by other editors. If you engage in an [[WP:EW|edit war]] in an attempt to obtain a version of your liking you may have your [[WP:BLOCK|editing access]] removed, perhaps permanently.

In addition, if your article is found not to be worthy of inclusion in the first place, it ''will'' be deleted, as per our [[WP:DP|deletion policies]]. Therefore, don't create promotional or other articles lightly, especially on subjects you care about.
|}

====Blocks====
{{see|Wikipedia:Blocking policy#Disruption}}
Accounts that appear, based on their edit history, to exist for the '''sole or primary purpose''' of promoting a person, company, product, service, or organization in apparent violation of this guideline should be warned and made aware of this guideline. If the same pattern of editing continues after the warning, the account may be blocked.

==See also==
*[[Wikipedia:Contact us/Article problem/Factual error (from enterprise)]]
*[[Template:Uw-coi]] for warning editors who have an apparent conflict of interest.
*[[Template:COI]] for tagging articles affected by conflict of interest that may be candidates for [[WP:Deletion process|deletion]].
*[[:Category:Requested edits]] lists proposed edits for review where the proposer has a self-reported conflict of interest.
*[[Wikipedia:Spam]]
*[[Wikipedia:Reward board]]
*[[Wikipedia:Business' FAQ]]
{{Wikipedia policies and guidelines}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
*[[User:Durova/The dark side]]. The risks of trying to subvert Wikipedia.
*[[User:Jmabel/PR]]. Guidance for [[public relations]] people
*[[User:Uncle G/On notability#Writing about subjects close to you]]. On writing about subjects that are close to oneself.
*[[Wikipedia:Search engine optimization]]. An essay for [[search engine optimization]] people.
*[[Wikipedia:Vested interest]]. About interests that may not be conflicts.

[[Category:Wikipedia notability|{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Wikipedia conflict of interest guidelines| ]]

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[[es:Wikipedia:Páginas de autopromoción]]
[[fa:ویکی‌پدیا:تعارض منافع]]
[[id:Wikipedia:Vanitas]]
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[[sv:Wikipedia:Intressekonflikter]]
[[th:วิกิพีเดีย:ผลประโยชน์ทับซ้อน]]
[[zh:Wikipedia:沒有價值的頁面]]

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