Łukasz Ciepliński and Ștedia River: Difference between pages
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[[Image:Łukasz Ciepliński.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Łukasz Ciepliński]] |
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| name = Ştedia River |
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'''Łukasz Ciepliński''' ([[October 26]], [[1913]] – [[March 1]], [[1951]]) was a [[Poland|Polish]] [[soldier]] who fought in the Polish [[Polish resistance movement in World War II|anti-Nazi]] and [[Cursed soldiers|anti-communist]] resistance movements. He used the [[nom de guerre|noms de guerre]] ''Pług'', ''Ostrowski'', ''Ludwik'', ''Grzmot'', and ''Bogdan''. Ciepliński was executed at [[Mokotów Prison]] prison in [[Warsaw]], shot in the back of the head by the Polish secret service, [[Urząd Bezpieczeństwa]]. For almost fifty years, his name was [[Soviet historiography|expunged from all books]] by the Communist government of the [[People's Republic of Poland|PRL]]. |
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| other_name = (Ştedea River) |
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| district = [[Maramureş County]] |
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| mouth_name = [[Runcu River (Mara)|Runcu]] |
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The '''Ştedia River''' or '''Ştedea River''' is a [[tributary]] of the [[Runcu River (Mara)|Runcu River]] in [[Romania]]. |
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{{Polish Secret State small}} |
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== |
==References== |
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Ciepliński was born in the village of [[Kwilcz]], [[Kreis Birnbaum]] (Polish: ''Powiat międzychodzki''), in the [[German Empire]]'s [[Province of Posen]]. Although [[History of Poland (1795–1918)|Poland was partitioned]], he grew up in a patriotic family. As his native village was located on the then-western outskirts of Polish ethnic territory, his parents – Franciszek Ciepliński and Maria ''née'' Kaczmarek – taught him Polish history and traditions as a child. His great-grandfather fought in the [[Greater Poland Uprising (1848)]], while his older brothers fought in the [[Greater Poland Uprising (1918-1919)]]. |
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* Administraţia Naţională Apelor Române - Cadastrul Apelor - Bucureşti |
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Young Ciepliński started elementary school in Kwilcz, but completed it in 1929 in [[Międzychód]]. After graduating from high school, Ciepliński went to the Third Cadet Corps in [[Rawicz]], and then to the Military College in [[Ostrów Mazowiecka]]. In 1936 the young officer joined the 62nd Infantry Regiment in [[Bydgoszcz]], where a year later he became leader of an antitank unit. |
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* Institutul de Meteorologie şi Hidrologie - Rîurile României - Bucureşti 1971 |
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{{Maramureş-geo-stub}} |
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{{coord missing|Romania}} |
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==World War II== |
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Ciepliński was twenty-six years old when [[World War II]] began. He participated in the [[Battle of the Bzura]] and in the [[Kampinos]] wilderness, trying to get across [[Wehrmacht]] lines to besieged Warsaw. His participation in the [[Polish September Campaign]] was noticed by General [[Tadeusz Kutrzeba]], who personally awarded him the [[Virtuti Militari]] for destruction of six [[Panzer|German tanks]]. Cieplinski, who was commandant of the antitank unit of the 62nd Infantry Regiment, destroyed the tanks on September 17, 1939, near [[Witkowice]]. |
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===Resistance movement=== |
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In mid-September 1939, Ciepliński managed to reach Warsaw and take part in the defense of the city. When the Polish capital surrendered, he decided to continue the struggle. In late fall 1939, he moved to the environs of [[Rzeszów]], and from there, crossed the [[Carpathian Mountains]] to [[Budapest]], where he came into contact with the Polish military. In early 1940, after further training, Ciepliński returned to [[Occupation of Poland (1939–1945)|occupied Poland]]. He was apprehended by [[Ukrainians]] in [[Baligród]], who handed him over to the [[Germans]]. Imprisoned in [[Sanok]], he escaped in April 1940, and dressed as a [[Lemko]] peasant, eventually reached Rzeszów. |
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===Successes of Ciepliński and his men=== |
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After returning, Ciepliński started to participate in the Polish resistance movement. Promoted to commander of the Rzeszów District of the [[Związek Walki Zbrojnej]], later called the [[Home Army]], he distinguished himself in several operations. Ciepliński took part in numerous attacks on German outposts in the areas of Rzeszów, [[Dębica]], and [[Kolbuszowa]]. A skilled activist, he organized a successful intelligence network. His men liquidated some 300 [[Gestapo]] agents and collaborators. In the spring of 1944, his unit captured [[V-1]] and [[V-2]] rocket parts. Furthermore, Ciepliński's operatives located [[Anlage Süd]], a secret headquarters of [[Adolf Hitler]], found in a rail tunnel near the town of [[Strzyżów]]. |
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In the spring of 1944, Ciepliński, now promoted to major, carried out the so-called “Kosba Action”, aimed at the liquidation of the [[Nazis]] in the area of Rzeszów. Soon afterwards, when [[Operation Tempest]] began, his unit, reorganized as the 39th Infantry Regiment, participated in the actions that liberated Rzeszów on [[August 2]], [[1944]]. |
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==After World War Two== |
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In the summer of 1944, Rzeszów and its adjacent area was captured by the [[Red Army]]. The [[Soviet Union]] ordered all [[Home Army]] members to give up their arms and to enter the [[Ludowe Wojsko Polskie]]. Ciepliński strongly opposed and resisted this idea. |
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===Anti-communist movement=== |
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On the night of October 7-8 1944, Ciepliński's unit undertook an unsuccessful attempt to free some 400 Home Army soldiers, imprisoned by the [[NKVD]] in Rzeszów Castle. Then, in early 1945, he moved to [[Kraków]] and participated in the anti-communist [[NIE (resistance)|NIE]] resistance movement. In mid-1945 he joined [[Wolność i Niezawisłość]] (WiN), becoming commander of the Kraków District of WiN and soon afterwards the Southern Poland District of WiN. |
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In early 1947, fearing repressions, Ciepliński moved from Kraków to [[Zabrze]]. Under his skillful leadership the WiN organization thrived, mostly in the propaganda and intelligence fields. Ciepliński tried several times to get in touch with [[Western Allies]] to inform them of the situation in Poland. The NKVD and [[Urząd Bezpieczeństwa]] were tracking him the entire time, and finally, on [[November 28]], [[1947]], he was arrested in [[Katowice]]. |
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==Imprisonment== |
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On the following day, Ciepliński was transported to [[Mokotów Prison]] in Warsaw. For months he was kept in [[solitary confinement]], lit day and night by a very strong lightbulb. He was brutally tortured, with NKVD agents personally overseeing the interrogation. His legs and hands were broken, so for meals his companions had to carry him in a blanket. |
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Tortures lasted for three years; in a letter smuggled from prison, Ciepliński wrote to his wife, “I was lying in a puddle of my own blood, I had no idea what I was asked about and what I was saying”.{{Fact|date=September 2007}} |
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The trial finally took place in October 1950 in the Military Court in Warsaw. On [[October 14]], Ciepliński was given five counts of the death sentence and 30 years of imprisonment. Execution took place at 6 a.m. on [[March 1]], [[1951]] in the basement of the Urząd Bezpieczeństwa prison in Warsaw. Shot in the head, he probably died on the spot. His family never received the body, and the burial place is unknown. |
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On the same day, six other WiN activists were shot: [[Adam Lazarowicz]], [[Mieczysław Kawalec]], [[Józef Rzepka]], [[Franciszek Błażej]], [[Józef Batory]], and [[Karol Chmiel]]. |
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==Comic book== |
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In early December of 2007, Rzeszow’s branch of Polish [[National Remembrance Institute]] (IPN) announced publication of first IPN’s sponsored comic book. The work presents life of Lukasz Cieplinski, it was created by Rzeszow University’s [[Wojciech Birek]] (author of screenplay) and [[Grzegorz Pudlowski]], who drew all pictures. It has 46 pages, but as Birek says, Cieplinski’s life deserves at least 150 pages. It begins in a courtroom in the early 1950s, during Cieplinski’s trial. Then it moves back, presenting his life - Polish September Campaign and his conspirational activities. Also, the authors mention other activists, who cooperated with Cieplinski. |
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==Honors== |
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For fifty years Ciepliński’s name was banned from public use. The widow, Wieslawa Cieplinska and their little son Andrzej were ostracized and lived in poverty. |
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After the collapse of the communist [[People's Republic of Poland]], the new democratic government honored him posthumously with the [[Virtuti Militari]] 5th Class, on a decree of President [[Lech Kaczyński]] on [[May 3]], [[2007]]. Tablets dedicated to his memory can be found in Rzeszów and Kwilcz; the 28th Elementary in Rzeszów has been named after him, as well as a street in the same city. |
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==See also== |
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* [[Cursed soldiers]] |
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* [[1951 Mokotow Prison execution]] |
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==References== |
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* http://www.powstanie-warszawskie-1944.ac.pl/zw_win.htm {{pl icon}} |
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* http://www.ipn.gov.pl/portal/pl/359/925/ {{pl icon}} |
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* http://zhwin.pl/zrzeszenie/zarzady4.htm {{pl icon}} |
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* http://wiadomosci.onet.pl/1647847,16,pierwszy_komiks_historyczny_wydany_przez_ipn,item.html {{pl icon}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Stedia River}} |
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==External links== |
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[[Category:Rivers of Romania]] |
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* [http://www.panoramio.com/photo/921233 Anlage Süd Hitler Quartier] |
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[[Category:Rivers of the Tisa-Iza-Vişeu subbasin]] |
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* [http://gorkiwielkie.w.interia.pl/win.htm Article about the execution of Ciepliński and six other men] {{pl icon}} |
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[[Category:Rivers of Maramureş County]] |
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* [http://www.zwoje-scrolls.com/zwoje19/text11p.htm Article about communist terror in Poland, including facts about Ciepliński] {{pl icon}} |
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* [http://www.ipn.gov.pl/wai/pl/18/5093/PRZEGLAD_MEDIOW__4__maja_2007_r.html Information about Virtuti Militari medal for Ciepliński], from the [[Institute of National Remembrance]] {{pl icon}} |
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* [http://www.zse.bydgoszcz.pl/~grant/index.php?c=4&n=205 Tablet dedicated to Ciepliński in a high school in Bydgoszcz] {{pl icon}} |
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[[ro:Râul Ştedia]] |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Cieplinski, Lukasz}} |
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[[Category:1913 births]] |
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[[Category:1951 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Polish resistance fighters]] |
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[[Category:Victims of Communist repressions in Poland 1939-1989]] |
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[[Category:Unpersons in Eastern Bloc]] |
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[[pl:Łukasz Ciepliński]] |
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Revision as of 13:01, 12 October 2008
The Ştedia River or Ştedea River is a tributary of the Runcu River in Romania.
References
- Administraţia Naţională Apelor Române - Cadastrul Apelor - Bucureşti
- Institutul de Meteorologie şi Hidrologie - Rîurile României - Bucureşti 1971
 | This Maramureș County location article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |