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{{nihongo|'''Ōbatake Station'''|大畠駅|Ōbatake-eki|}} is a [[train station]] in [[Yanai, Yamaguchi|Yanai]], [[Yamaguchi Prefecture]], [[Japan]].
[[Category:Non-talk pages that are automatically signed]]{{Wikipedia:Reference desk/header|WP:RD/H}}
[[Category:Wikipedia help forums]]
[[Category:Wikipedia resources for researchers]]


==Lines==
{{Wikipedia:Reference_desk/Archives/Humanities/2008 September 27}}
*[[West Japan Railway Company]]
**[[Sanyō Main Line]]


==Layout==
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==Adjacent stations==
{{Wikipedia:Reference_desk/Archives/Humanities/2008 September 29}}
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!colspan=5|JR West
{{j-route|route=Sanyō Main Line|col=blue|f=w}}
{{j-rserv|service=Rapid Commuter Liner|previous={{ja-stalink|Kōjiro}}|next={{ja-stalink|Yanaiminato}}|f=b|col=red}}
{{j-rserv|service=Rapid City Liner|previous=Kōjiro|next=Yanaiminato|col=#0072bc}}
{{j-rserv|service=Local|previous=Kōjiro|next=Yanaiminato|col=gray}}
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{{Sanyō Main Line (Hiroshima section)}}
= September 30 =
==Nikkei==
Is the Japanese newspaper Nikkei a generally trustworthy news source?[[Special:Contributions/118.90.31.41|118.90.31.41]] ([[User talk:118.90.31.41|talk]]) 04:32, 30 September 2008 (UTC)


{{coord missing|Japan}}
:Judging by its massive readership, long-history and the fact is sold international with translations...yes I would suggest it is a reliable news-source, or at least about as reliable as any other major international business news-source [[Special:Contributions/194.221.133.226|194.221.133.226]] ([[User talk:194.221.133.226|talk]]) 11:13, 30 September 2008 (UTC)


{{DEFAULTSORT:Obatake Station}}
:Yes, it is one of the best sources in Japan (or Asia, for that matter). [[User:DOR (HK)|DOR (HK)]] ([[User talk:DOR (HK)|talk]]) 01:41, 3 October 2008 (UTC)
[[Category:Railway stations in Yamaguchi Prefecture]]
[[Category:Sanyō Main Line]]
{{yamaguchi-rail-station-stub}}


[[ja:大畠駅]]
== Selling sheep in ancient Israel ==

I remember hearing at one point that the inscription above Jesus on the cross was abbreviated into the Hebrew name of God. Googling confirmed this but I also heard that is was common practice when selling a sheep to hang an inscription of the father’s name from its neck. The purpose of this was too provide proof of good stock, etc. Google has not turned anything up so I am not sure if that was an exaggeration. I would like to know if it's true and, if possible, a link to an article or page covering this information. Thanks! [[User:Joshua42425|Joshua42425]] ([[User talk:Joshua42425|talk]]) 13:05, 30 September 2008 (UTC)

:First off, Jesus was killed by Romans under Roman legal procedures -- the native Jewish authorities in Judea (the Jerusalem high priest, Sanhedrin, etc.) were not allowed by the Romans to inflict the death penalty, and crucifixion as a penalty was forbidden under Jewish religious law. Second, [[INRI]] is not the "Hebrew name of God", and any proposal as to what the "Hebrew" version of that text may have been is only speculation ("Hebrew" could well have actually meant "Aramaic", anyway). [[User:AnonMoos|AnonMoos]] ([[User talk:AnonMoos|talk]]) 17:03, 30 September 2008 (UTC)

::Common sense would also indicate that the practice of advertising the name of the (sheep's) father would have very little point; in Biblical times flocks of sheep were allowed to get on with their procreative business as they pleased, so it would normally have been impossible to determine the father of a given sheep. Plus sheep were not usually given names in Ancient Israel. So all in all this is exceptionally unlikely. [[User:DJ Clayworth|DJ Clayworth]] ([[User talk:DJ Clayworth|talk]]) 19:52, 30 September 2008 (UTC)

::: Excepting, of course, the famous racing sheep. —[[User:Tamfang|Tamfang]] ([[User talk:Tamfang|talk]]) 06:10, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

== Legal principle ==

Is there a legal principle which was used to justify the acquisition of sovereignty of territorial gains (after a war)? This confuses me – if no such principle exists, plenty of islands nowadays could be described as 'occupied', at least in theory. I'm sure there must be some legal term (along the lines of ''[[Terra nullius]]'') which was used by imperial powers and the like. Thanks, [[User:RedCoat10|RedCoat10]] ([[User talk:RedCoat10|talk]]) 16:02, 30 September 2008 (UTC)

:I think you mean [[Cession]]. That is the "giving" of one piece of your territory to another country as part of a treaty. As opposed to [[Annexation]] where you just take it.[[User:Fribbler|Fribbler]] ([[User talk:Fribbler|talk]]) 16:33, 30 September 2008 (UTC)

::What happens though if the territory is conquered but not formally ceded through a treaty? Is there no historic legal concept which formalises the conquest? [[User:RedCoat10|RedCoat10]] ([[User talk:RedCoat10|talk]]) 16:51, 30 September 2008 (UTC)

:[[Uti Possidetis]]... [[User:AnonMoos|AnonMoos]] ([[User talk:AnonMoos|talk]]) 16:53, 30 September 2008 (UTC)

::Ah that's it, many thanks! [[User:RedCoat10|RedCoat10]] ([[User talk:RedCoat10|talk]]) 17:01, 30 September 2008 (UTC)
:::Also, if one country occupies territory of another with no serious objections from the country with the territory, the claim can pass through [[Prescription (law)|prescription]]. '''[[User:Grsz11|<font color="black">Grsz</font>]][[User talk:Grsz11|<b><font color="red"><sup>talk</sup></font></b>]]''' 17:40, 30 September 2008 (UTC)

Sometimes the invading power just installs a puppet government which signs whatever is put in front of them, perhaps in gratitude for "liberation," perhaps from fear, perhaps to have a strong friend to defend them, perhaps from bribes, perhaps to get a greater (but incomplete) degree of freedom, at the cost of military bases or other benefits to the conquering power. Sometimes there is a plebescite. See the histories of [[Hawaii]] and [[Cuba]]. See aso [[Right of conquest]], a principle of international law until the early 20th century; [[Client state]] ; [[Colonialism]] ; [[Imperialism]] ; [[Neocolonialism]]. [[User:Edison|Edison]] ([[User talk:Edison|talk]]) 19:10, 30 September 2008 (UTC)

The things you learn on Wikipedia, and especially the RefDesks! I have just added "Category:International law" to [[Uti Possidetis]]; it was unfindable otherwise. [[User:BrainyBabe|BrainyBabe]] ([[User talk:BrainyBabe|talk]]) 19:57, 30 September 2008 (UTC)

:Well as far as I know there are deeds which say 'by right of conquest' on them. Nothing much more is needed really. [[User:Dmcq|Dmcq]] ([[User talk:Dmcq|talk]]) 10:54, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

By the way, there's a special Islamic legal term for property rights acquired by conquest -- &#1593;&#1606;&#1608;&#1577; or &#1593;&#1606;&#1608;&#1577;&#1611; ''`anwatan'', literally "by force") which might be worthy of some discussion on Wikipedia (it only seems to be mentioned glancingly in [[Islamic law in Constantinople]], and in older versions of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Azerbaijan_(Iran)&oldid=208057637 Azerbaijan_(Iran) article]). [[User:AnonMoos|AnonMoos]] ([[User talk:AnonMoos|talk]]) 11:17, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

== Famous French saints in Ireland ==

Is there a list of famous French saints remembered for their work in Ireland? <span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 8pt;">[[User:x42bn6|<b>x42bn6</b>]] <span style="font-size: 7pt;">[[User talk:x42bn6|Talk]] [[Special:Contributions/x42bn6|Mess]]</span></span> 18:37, 30 September 2008 (UTC)
:There's a category of [[:Category:French saints|French saints]], and of [[:Category:Irish saints|Irish saints]]. Do they have to be saints, or just missionaries/churchmen/monks? [[User:Gwinva|Gwinva]] ([[User talk:Gwinva|talk]]) 18:51, 30 September 2008 (UTC)
::Saints. I was just wondering if there were any obvious ones. <span style="font-family: Tahoma; font-size: 8pt;">[[User:x42bn6|<b>x42bn6</b>]] <span style="font-size: 7pt;">[[User talk:x42bn6|Talk]] [[Special:Contributions/x42bn6|Mess]]</span></span> 23:27, 30 September 2008 (UTC)
:::And you might also look for Irish or Scottish saints remembered for their work in Europe, likely a larger group. --- [[User:OtherDave|OtherDave]] ([[User talk:OtherDave|talk]]) 01:56, 1 October 2008 (UTC)
::::Yeah, see [[Hiberno-Scottish mission]] for those ones. [[User:Adam Bishop|Adam Bishop]] ([[User talk:Adam Bishop|talk]]) 06:06, 1 October 2008 (UTC) <span style="font-size: smaller;" class="autosigned">—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/205.210.170.49|205.210.170.49]] ([[User talk:205.210.170.49|talk]]) </span><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->

== stone cave ==

does any one know the history of the stone cave at the intersection of manor st. and rt. 69 in waterbury ct <span style="font-size: smaller;" class="autosigned">—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/76.28.24.241|76.28.24.241]] ([[User talk:76.28.24.241|talk]]) 19:30, 30 September 2008 (UTC)</span><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->

:Is that [[Waterbury, Connecticut]] rather than Waterbury Court, East Snodbury, Berkshire? [[User:DJ Clayworth|DJ Clayworth]] ([[User talk:DJ Clayworth|talk]]) 19:46, 30 September 2008 (UTC)

::Try leaving a note at [[Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Connecticut]] as well as [[Talk:Waterbury, Connecticut]]. Better yet, try asking the Waterbury Library. [[User:BrainyBabe|BrainyBabe]] ([[User talk:BrainyBabe|talk]]) 20:00, 30 September 2008 (UTC)

== States giving electoral votes to national popular winner ==

I read somewhere (on Wikipedia I think) that two states (they might have been NJ and MD) gave their [[Electoral College (United States)|electoral votes]] to the candidate who got the most popular votes nationwide. I assume this was only proposed because I couldn't find it again. Where might I have read this? Thanks, <font color="#1EC112" size="3px">[[User:Reywas92|Reywas92]]</font><sup><font color="#45E03A">[[User talk:Reywas92|'''Talk''']]</font></sup> 19:56, 30 September 2008 (UTC)

:I'm not in the US, so I may have missed it, but I've never heard of that. I believe there are two states that give electoral votes according to proportional representation in their state (or some other way of splitting the votes) rather than giving all the votes to the candidate with a plurality, is that what you're thinking of? --[[User:Tango|Tango]] ([[User talk:Tango|talk]]) 20:30, 30 September 2008 (UTC)

::Looks like what Reywas is talking about is correct, [http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2008/01/13/politics/main3706884.shtml here's a story on it.] (I have to admit this is rather surprising to me.) It looks like it only goes into effect if a majority of states (by electoral majority, enough to equal 270) agree to it. [[User:AlexiusHoratius|<span style="font-size:14px;font-family:times new roman;color:navy;">'''''Alexius'''''</span>]][[User talk:AlexiusHoratius|<span style="font-size:14px;font-family:times new roman;color:darkred;">'''''Horatius''''']]</span> 20:57, 30 September 2008 (UTC)
:::Interesting. Trying to get a majority of states to go do it is very different from unilaterally doing it yourself, though. --[[User:Tango|Tango]] ([[User talk:Tango|talk]]) 21:03, 30 September 2008 (UTC)
::::True, although I think, speaking very much in general, the EC is less popular in larger states (larger states are under-represented), thus (maybe) making it easier for this thing to attain the majority needed. However, I'm not sure how this will play out in really partisan states, (consider Utah having granted its votes to Clinton or Massachusetts voting for Bush, I doubt that would have been very popular with the locals). In any case, like you said, it will be interesting to see what happens. [[User:AlexiusHoratius|<span style="font-size:14px;font-family:times new roman;color:navy;">'''''Alexius'''''</span>]][[User talk:AlexiusHoratius|<span style="font-size:14px;font-family:times new roman;color:darkred;">'''''Horatius''''']]</span> 21:19, 30 September 2008 (UTC)

:[[National Popular Vote Interstate Compact]] -- [[User:AnonMoos|AnonMoos]] ([[User talk:AnonMoos|talk]]) 22:14, 30 September 2008 (UTC)

::Thanks for the link; I take back what I said about it maybe being passed in many of the larger states, it looks like <s>California</s>, Florida, and Pennsylvania have all rejected it in some way or another. [[User:AlexiusHoratius|<span style="font-size:14px;font-family:times new roman;color:navy;">'''''Alexius'''''</span>]][[User talk:AlexiusHoratius|<span style="font-size:14px;font-family:times new roman;color:darkred;">'''''Horatius''''']]</span> 22:27, 30 September 2008 (UTC)
:::The article says it's pending in California - it was vetoed by the governor once, but it's been passed by the two houses again, so it's back before the governor. --[[User:Tango|Tango]] ([[User talk:Tango|talk]]) 00:06, 1 October 2008 (UTC)
::::Ah yes, I must have just been looking at the top entry. [[User:AlexiusHoratius|<span style="font-size:14px;font-family:times new roman;color:navy;">'''''Alexius'''''</span>]][[User talk:AlexiusHoratius|<span style="font-size:14px;font-family:times new roman;color:darkred;">'''''Horatius''''']]</span> 00:31, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

== State vs. federal waters ==

I'm trying to understand the [[United States offshore drilling debate]], and I was confused about mention of state bans on drilling versus federal bans. Do the states have control over economic exploitation in certain waters and the federal government in other waters (which are presumably what are described in [[territorial waters]]? I would have assumed that the states have no jurisdiction over ocean waters unless it's explicitly granted to them by the federal government. Has that been done already for some things, or do the states have inherent powers in that area? -- [[User:Beland|Beland]] ([[User talk:Beland|talk]]) 21:08, 30 September 2008 (UTC)

:Some of this is explained in [[Tidelands]]. In the United States, most states own the rights, and regulate, out to three miles from the shore (in Florida and Texas it is 10.5 miles), and beyond that, out to where international waters begin, the federal government can do what it wants. This was the result of acts passed in 1953. It's a pretty big deal in California where I live, for some of the most productive oil fields, and some of the least explored, are just beyond that three-mile boundary. [[User:Antandrus|Antandrus ]] [[User_talk:Antandrus|(talk)]] 04:31, 1 October 2008 (UTC)
::Not salt water and so far of only minor interest to drillers (ranked 18th in production among states[http://www.michiganoilandgasassociation.org/News/ExplorationProduction.htm]), but Michigan claims all bottomlands in its waters of the Great Lakes, which in some places, are more than 50 miles offshore. Both state and federal laws restrict oil exploration on the Great Lakes. [[User:Rmhermen|Rmhermen]] ([[User talk:Rmhermen|talk]]) 20:26, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

== Obstacles for woman in todays society. ==

I would like to know what you woman and men think. <span style="font-size: smaller;" class="autosigned">—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/66.67.29.179|66.67.29.179]] ([[User talk:66.67.29.179|talk]]) 23:44, 30 September 2008 (UTC)</span><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->

:The ref desk doesn't really do opinions. Someone can probably find you some relevant studies to read if you're interested. --[[User:Tango|Tango]] ([[User talk:Tango|talk]]) 00:04, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

See [[glass ceiling]], and search in google for books/articles with a focus on femminism (I can't spell that word) [[Special:Contributions/194.221.133.226|194.221.133.226]] ([[User talk:194.221.133.226|talk]]) 08:30, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

:It differs around the world. If you want an international view, don't forget issues like [[female genital mutilation]]. The rights of [[lesbians]] are to be considered. You might also want to consider rights to [[maternity leave]], and [[childcare]]. [[User:Itsmejudith|Itsmejudith]] ([[User talk:Itsmejudith|talk]]) 21:09, 1 October 2008 (UTC)
::[[division of labour]] might also be of interest. [[User:Steewi|Steewi]] ([[User talk:Steewi|talk]]) 03:15, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

= October 1 =

== How many black African immigrants in India and China? ==

Does anyone know how many black african immigrants are living in India and Mainland China today? [[Special:Contributions/72.136.110.93|72.136.110.93]] ([[User talk:72.136.110.93|talk]]) 01:46, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

[[Demographics of India]] suggests that the national census in India does not recognise racial or ethnic groups, which seems to suggest that perhaps it would be hard to find out stats on this. Also look at [[Demographics of the People%27s Republic of China#Ethnic groups]] for China. [[Special:Contributions/194.221.133.226|194.221.133.226]] ([[User talk:194.221.133.226|talk]]) 08:28, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

:Maybe these links will help: [http://www.the-south-asian.com/Sept2001/Indo-African_Diaspora.htm The African Diaspora of the Indian Sub-continent] and [http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080603062054AAvzWoO African diaspora of China]. Regards--[[User:Shahab|Shahab]] ([[User talk:Shahab|talk]]) 09:39, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

== Blacks in South America ==

Why are there more blacks in countries like Brazil and Venezuela than in countries like Chile, Argentina and Bolivia? Of course, the colonizers brought less black into these colonies, but why did they do that?[[User:Mr.K.|Mr.K.]] [[User_talk:Mr.K.|(talk)]] 09:30, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

:In the 16th century, the oceanic slave trade tended to be associated with Caribbean regions which had become depopulated due to disease and overworking the native Indian populations there. In the 17th century, the oceanic slave trade was strongly associated with sugar-cane plantations. Neither factor was very relevant for the last three countries you mentioned (which did not have tropical climates). [[User:AnonMoos|AnonMoos]] ([[User talk:AnonMoos|talk]]) 10:48, 1 October 2008 (UTC)
::I agree with that answer and just would like to add some article links: [[History of slavery]], [[Slavery in the Spanish New World colonies]], [[Atlantic slave trade]] and [[History of sugar]]. [[User:Rmhermen|Rmhermen]] ([[User talk:Rmhermen|talk]]) 13:16, 1 October 2008 (UTC)
:::Indeed, also because the main agriculture of Brazil and Venuzuela was the rather labor-intensive sugar cane... which is not the case for southern and western South America. Same deal for North America as well; the Southeastern U.S. had a climate that owed itself to rice and cotton farming, which was an economy that owed itself to extensive slave economy, for the simple fact that these sorts of plantation farms requires lots of cheap labor to be economical. Slavery, while legal in the North until the early 19th century, tended to be on the order of "luxury slaves" i.e. household domestics, and never represented a significant portion of the economic labor force like in the south. Basically, to boil it down, just like in North America, the economies of South and Western South America did not owe itself to huge importation of slaves as it did to Northeastern S. America... --[[User:Jayron32|Jayron32]].[[User talk:Jayron32|<small>talk</small>]].[[Special:Contributions/Jayron32|<small>contribs</small>]] 04:08, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

== Economics research ==

I am finishing a Science honours degree majoring in mathematics, and specializing in financial maths and numerical computation. Would I be likely to be granted admission into a economics phd program at a good university without having done undergraduate economic studies? <span style="font-size: smaller;" class="autosigned">—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/122.108.235.248|122.108.235.248]] ([[User talk:122.108.235.248|talk]]) 05:14, 1 October 2008 (UTC)</span><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->

:Yes, and you could also do an MBA. Alternatively you could do both, some universities have combined programs (an MBA that can be expanded into a PhD. program). [[User:Mr.K.|Mr.K.]] [[User_talk:Mr.K.|(talk)]] 10:03, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

:We'd need more information to answer your question. For example, do you just want entry or do you want a scholarship? Do you expect to do very well into your hnours degree (will you get first class honours? A+ GPA?)? And what country are you from (your IP looks up to Australia) [[User:Nil Einne|Nil Einne]] ([[User talk:Nil Einne|talk]]) 13:07, 1 October 2008 (UTC)
::I don't know for other countries, but if you were in the UK, the important thing at this point would be to think about what topic you might want to research for a PhD and to find potential supervisors whose research interests are similar to your own. [[User:Itsmejudith|Itsmejudith]] ([[User talk:Itsmejudith|talk]]) 21:05, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

:: [[Econometrics]] or [[financial economics]] would be likely areas of expertise for someone in your position. Otherwise, a M.A. in economics would be advisable.[[Special:Contributions/24.68.54.155|24.68.54.155]] ([[User talk:24.68.54.155|talk]]) 01:45, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

== 5 most important dates in classical antiquity ==

Any takers? <span style="font-size: smaller;" class="autosigned">—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/217.227.125.142|217.227.125.142]] ([[User talk:217.227.125.142|talk]]) 13:03, 1 October 2008 (UTC)</span><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->
:I'm sure there will be. See [[Classical antiquity]] for the definition. --[[User:Tagishsimon|Tagishsimon]] [[User_talk:Tagishsimon|(talk)]] 13:08, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

:You're gonna have a thousand answers before long, but for my two cents: the [[Ides of March]], 44 BCE ([[Julius Ceasar]] assasinated) and August 1, 30 BCE ([[Mark Antony]] commits suicide, the final death-rattle of the Roman Republic and the birth of the Roman Empire) [[Special:Contributions/90.235.17.83|90.235.17.83]] ([[User talk:90.235.17.83|talk]]) 15:21, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

:The [[Battle of Issus]] (332 BCE) opened Persia to Hellenization under Alexander. The [[Crucifixion]] and the de-criminalization of Christianity ([[Edict of Milan]], 313 CE) would be in the short list too. The year of the [[Hegira]] (622) is one important endpoint. --[[User:Wetman|Wetman]] ([[User talk:Wetman|talk]]) 16:10, 1 October 2008 (UTC)
::I guess I'll be the first to say the [[Battle of Marathon]]. [[User:Adam Bishop|Adam Bishop]] ([[User talk:Adam Bishop|talk]]) 00:49, 2 October 2008 (UTC)
:::A very western definition for "classical," huh? Yet nothing about [[ab urbe condita]]. Anti-wolf prejudice is my guess... --- [[User:OtherDave|OtherDave]] ([[User talk:OtherDave|talk]]) 12:17, 2 October 2008 (UTC)
::::The division of ages into classical, medieval, and modern is inherently Western. It's quite proper that inquiries about "Classical antiquity" be construed as applying to European civilization. - <span style="font-family: cursive">[[User:Nunh-huh|Nunh-huh]]</span> 02:03, 3 October 2008 (UTC)
:Technically, the most "important" date in this period is January 1, year 1 A.D. This is the reference date for the period defined as "Classical Antquity." The fact that this date is somewhat arbitrary does not lessen its importance. If you don't agree wtih this date, then we have no simple way to discuss the other dates. -[[User:Arch dude|Arch dude]] ([[User talk:Arch dude|talk]]) 02:22, 3 October 2008 (UTC)
::Actually, that confuses me. Classical antiquity started some six centuries B.C., and we didn't set the Common/Christian Era at 1 A.D. until classical antiquity had given way to the Medieval. So I don't think you can really make a case that 1 A.D. is actually an important date in Classical antiquity. - <span style="font-family: cursive">[[User:Nunh-huh|Nunh-huh]]</span> 04:13, 3 October 2008 (UTC)
::: I think he was being somewhat facetious and picking on the fact that a common idiom is to use the word "date" to mean "event"; for example the event of Pearl Harbor is what is really important, not merely the date of Dec 7, 1941, however we tend to call it the "date that will live in infamy". In the same way, what the question is REALLY asking is what the 5 most important, discrete events of classical antiquity were, the dates assigned to them by the modern gregorian calender being largely arbitrary and unimportant as to their significance... --[[User:Jayron32|Jayron32]].[[User talk:Jayron32|<small>talk</small>]].[[Special:Contributions/Jayron32|<small>contribs</small>]] 04:20, 3 October 2008 (UTC)
:::: Well, ''maybe'' that's what he meant, then. (Though one might argue, if one likes to argue, that two events on a single date might make that date more significant than either of the events....) - <span style="font-family: cursive">[[User:Nunh-huh|Nunh-huh]]</span> 04:43, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

== monks walk ==

I have been asked to do a workshop on movement and teaching the students the walking style of monks. It is a slow walk, almost heal to toe, but I cannot find anything on it. Any ideas? <small><span class="autosigned">—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Barbara46|Barbara46]] ([[User talk:Barbara46|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Barbara46|contribs]]) 13:45, 1 October 2008 (UTC)</span></small><!-- Template:Unsigned --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->
:You could try the search term [http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=walking+meditation&btnG=Google+Search&meta= walking meditation]; and the Wikipedia article is [[Kinhin]]. Best, [[User:WikiJedits|WikiJedits]] ([[User talk:WikiJedits|talk]]) 17:20, 1 October 2008 (UTC)
::I've spent a good deal of time with dozens of Catholic monks, who walk with the varied gaits, strides, and forms of the rest of humanity. They don't actually get ''schooled'' in a particular style. Even contemplatives differ as individuals, though in general they don't rush. And, amazingly, not all of them excel at Gregorian chant. --- [[User:OtherDave|OtherDave]] ([[User talk:OtherDave|talk]]) 12:19, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

:::For any hope of an answer, I think you would need to be more specific about the kind of monks you had in mind. The only kinds of monk I have any knowledge of show quite a lot of variety, though perhaps we can say that many monks have a generally rather dignified way of doing everything, not just walking. [[User:Strawless|Strawless]] ([[User talk:Strawless|talk]]) 17:39, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

== Afro-Arab ==

Doesn't Algeria, Mauritania, Tunisia, and Egypt are considered as Afro-Arab or have population of Afro-Arabs? <span style="font-size: smaller;" class="autosigned">—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/142.204.74.48|142.204.74.48]] ([[User talk:142.204.74.48|talk]]) 14:12, 1 October 2008 (UTC)</span><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->

:Afro-Arab seems to be a wide and not so easy to define label, but basically the answers would be yes & yes, in varying degrees. --[[User:Tagishsimon|Tagishsimon]] [[User_talk:Tagishsimon|(talk)]] 14:17, 1 October 2008 (UTC)
::And our [[Afro-Arab]] article is not much help. --—<i><b>—&nbsp;[[User:Gadget850|<font color = "gray">Gadget850&nbsp;(Ed)</font>]]<font color = "darkblue">&nbsp;<sup>[[User talk:Gadget850|''talk'']]</sup></font></b> - </i> 14:38, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

:::A look at the [[Mahgreb]] articel might help.[[Special:Contributions/86.133.53.122|86.133.53.122]] ([[User talk:86.133.53.122|talk]]) 12:51, 3 October 2008 (UTC)
----
Dude, I really don't understand your apparent obsession (also evinced in the Sultan of Oman question above) with micro-classifying the facial features and/or exact degrees of pigmentation of various Arab individuals, and trying to pigeonhole which alleged "race" they allegedly belong to. It would be helpful if you could clarify what the specific point or purpose of your questions might be. In modern science, the concept of "[[gene cline]]" is a whole lot more rigorously definable and solidly-established than the concept of "race", anyway... [[User:AnonMoos|AnonMoos]] ([[User talk:AnonMoos|talk]]) 15:35, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

=== Cheb Khaled ===

Isn't Cheb Khaled an Afro-Arab because he sure does look like one? <span style="font-size: smaller;" class="autosigned">—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/142.204.74.48|142.204.74.48]] ([[User talk:142.204.74.48|talk]]) 13:30, 1 October 2008 (UTC)</span><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->

:Yes. I believe they call such people "Algerians" in that neck of the woods. See [[Khaled (musician)]]. --[[User:Tagishsimon|Tagishsimon]] [[User_talk:Tagishsimon|(talk)]] 13:39, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

== Presidential nominee ==

If a Presidential nominee dies while campaigning with his V.P., who becomes the new Presidential nominee?

Where can I read about this process?

Thank you. <span style="font-size: smaller;" class="autosigned">—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/72.150.50.205|72.150.50.205]] ([[User talk:72.150.50.205|talk]]) 15:10, 1 October 2008 (UTC)</span><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->

:[http://www.slate.com/id/2201173/ This nice explainer from Slate] gives the answer. Basically, it's up to the parties to decide what to do. [[Special:Contributions/90.235.17.83|90.235.17.83]] ([[User talk:90.235.17.83|talk]]) 15:17, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

:Not quite what you're looking for, but you should know that in the [[United States presidential election, 1872]] the Democratic nominee [[Horace Greeley]] died after the general election, but before the electoral college vote. His electoral college votes were split among several people, including [[Benjamin Gratz Brown]], his running-mate. In the [[United States presidential election, 1912]], the Republican ''vice'' presidential candidate [[James S. Sherman]] died shortly before the election, and his name was kept on the ballot. Sherman's electoral college votes, however, were given to [[Nicholas Murray Butler]], the person selected to replace him as the Republican VP nominee. Keep in mind that it is technically the [[United States Electoral College]] which determines the president, not the general election. [[Faithless elector]]s are always a factor, and may become an even bigger one when a candidate dies. -- [[Special:Contributions/128.104.112.147|128.104.112.147]] ([[User talk:128.104.112.147|talk]]) 23:49, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

== When did Indians start moving to England? ==

I'm currently doing some research for a novel I'm starting to write and I would like to know when people started moving from India to England. The novel is set sometimes in the 1900s and I just wanted to make sure that it would be likely that an Indian family would be living in England.

Thank you for your time <small><span class="autosigned">—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Ivyice|Ivyice]] ([[User talk:Ivyice|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Ivyice|contribs]]) 15:45, 1 October 2008 (UTC)</span></small><!-- Template:Unsigned --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->

:Indian students attending English universities already seems to be taken for granted (without much need for comment) in "[[The Adventure of the Three Students]]"... [[User:AnonMoos|AnonMoos]] ([[User talk:AnonMoos|talk]]) 15:53, 1 October 2008 (UTC)
::(ec) I would say the 1900s is too early. Have a look at [[Immigration to the United Kingdom (1922-present day)]] (which puts immigration from the Indian subcontinent as starting in large numbers after Indian independence in 1947). Also [[Historical immigration to Great Britain]]. --[[User:Richardrj|Richardrj]] [[User talk:Richardrj|<sup>talk </sup>]][[Special:Emailuser/Richardrj|<sup>email</sup>]] 15:54, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

:::In large numbers yes, but there was still some immigration from the subcontinent before then. [[Special:Contributions/130.88.52.36|130.88.52.36]] ([[User talk:130.88.52.36|talk]]) 17:20, 1 October 2008 (UTC)
::::I realise that, but the OP was asking about the ''likelihood'' of an Indian family living in England at the turn of the century. So the answer to the question "would it be likely" is no. --[[User:Richardrj|Richardrj]] [[User talk:Richardrj|<sup>talk </sup>]][[Special:Emailuser/Richardrj|<sup>email</sup>]] 17:50, 1 October 2008 (UTC)
:Small numbers will have been here in the 19th century or even earlier - either wealthy people or servants; [[Dadabhai Naoroji]] was the first Indian elected to Parliament, in 1892, [[Abdul Karim]], the Munshi, was a favourite servant of Queen Victoria in her last 15 years. -- [[User:Arwel Parry|Arwel Parry]] <sub>[[User_talk:Arwel Parry|(talk)]]</sub> 17:18, 1 October 2008 (UTC)
::More on Naoroji can be found here: [http://www.movinghere.org.uk/galleries/histories/asian/asian.htm Moving Here's Migration Histories: South Asian]. Skimming suggests that though this site agrees with Richardrj that the bulk of the migration happened after 1950, individuals came to England as nannies, seamen, students and servants even in the 17th century. You'd have to read farther to discover if a whole family migrating together is likely. Cheers, [[User:WikiJedits|WikiJedits]] ([[User talk:WikiJedits|talk]]) 17:22, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

:There are three Brahmins in England in ''[[The Moonstone]]'', written in the 1860s, but they are considered oddities. <font family="Arial">[[User:NurseryRhyme|<span style="color:dark blue">Little Red Riding Hood</span>]]''[[User talk:NurseryRhyme|<span style="color:dark blue">talk</span>]]''</font> 21:03, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

::There were certainly Indian sailors on British ships making the passage to England in the 18th century. It might be surprising if there were none in the 17th century. That isn't the same as ''moving'' to England, necessarily. [[User:Strawless|Strawless]] ([[User talk:Strawless|talk]]) 17:44, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

:::Sailors from the [[East Indies]] were known as [[lascar]]s, a term now obsolete. Some stayed in the British ports where they landed and made their lives in the UK. Port cities such as [[Bristol]], [[Cardiff]], [[Liverpool]], and the [[East End]] of [[London]] were places where small communities grew up, certainly by the late C19. Some married girls from back home; others married white English women and formed [[biracial]] families. See [http://www.lascars.co.uk/ here]. [[User:BrainyBabe|BrainyBabe]] ([[User talk:BrainyBabe|talk]]) 13:54, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

==Architect==
I have made a page on [[Stiff Leadbetter]] an architect (great name) but don't know where online other than ODNB I can find more information about his life. Anyone got any ideas? [[User:Stronach|Stronach]] ([[User talk:Stronach|talk]]) 16:14, 1 October 2008 (UTC)
:I would try the library of a school of architecture, perhaps in the country where he worked. He is at least mentioned with favorable comments in many books [http://books.google.com/books?lr=&q=%22stiff+leadbetter%22&as_brr=0&spell=1&oi=spell]. One book calls him a "minor provincial carpenter and builder" as well as "one of the busiest of the new generation of architects."[http://books.google.com/books?id=gz1xSJvbswYC&pg=PA190&dq=%22stiff+leadbetter%22&lr=&as_brr=0&sig=ACfU3U083f64Abh-d2O1-q7S69_kQLSNKQ] "Macmillan encyclopedia of architects" (1982)- Page 625 (snippet view) [http://books.google.com/books?id=N4hUAAAAMAAJ&q=%22stiff+leadbetter%22&dq=%22stiff+leadbetter%22&lr=&as_brr=0&pgis=1] has info on him. "A biographical dictionary of British architects, 1600-1840" Colvin calls him "the master carpenter employed to carry out Robert Adam's designs" (at a particular place)[http://books.google.com/books?id=CSyaO-MqYoAC&pg=PA118&dq=%22stiff+leadbetter%22&lr=&as_brr=0&sig=ACfU3U3YtgtRssuUg5oNMOz7z0yHw2GGFw], but he does not get his own entry. "Rural rides" calls him a "little-known architect." "English hospitals 1660-1948" calls him "competent but rather dull." [http://books.google.com/books?id=Z-n5pKm3wRgC&pg=PA29&dq=%22stiff+leadbetter%22&lr=&as_brr=0&sig=ACfU3U17-eWS1pi1SlIXr0_-NUkmi5N18w] "Glass Houses: A History of Greenhouses, Orangeries and Conservatories" calls him a "thorough but uninspired architect of the Palladian school." His work gets some mentions in news articles about the buildings, such as [http://www.guardian.co.uk/money/2004/jun/27/observercashsection.theobserver2] , [http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-19979742.html] and [http://www.bucksfreepress.co.uk/news/844048.historic_gatehouse_to_let_on_shardeloes_estate/]. The present article should incorporate the criticisms. Several of the books such as "The Classical Orders of Architecture"[http://books.google.com/books?id=VKNGxKTmjSwC&pg=PA119&dq=%22stiff+leadbetter%22+hawk&lr=&as_brr=0&sig=ACfU3U137xhc0TxO3F156PVW_lG6in_UYQ] mention an architect named John Hawks who worked in America on such projects as the North Carolina Governor's palace, who learned his art working for Leadbetter. [[User:Edison|Edison]] ([[User talk:Edison|talk]]) 16:51, 1 October 2008 (UTC)
::Many thanks, you went to a lot of trouble. I will try to incorporate all of this. Point taken about the criticisms, will do. [[User:Stronach|Stronach]] ([[User talk:Stronach|talk]]) 17:48, 1 October 2008 (UTC).

I like his name. He would have made a great [[Funeral director|undertaker]], or even a [[Body-snatching|resurrection man]]. [[User:Edison|Edison]] ([[User talk:Edison|talk]]) 20:34, 1 October 2008 (UTC)
:Yok. I'm trying to keep my thoughts out of the gutter *snicker*. I think I've put all your suggestions in--care to have a look and see if it passes muster?. [[User:Stronach|Stronach]] ([[User talk:Stronach|talk]]) 11:41, 2 October 2008 (UTC)
::Don't worry, Stronach, ''"we are all in the gutter, but some of us are writing good articles for Wikipedia"''. Nah, I like the original better. :) -- [[User:JackofOz|JackofOz]] ([[User talk:JackofOz|talk]]) 00:03, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

== Plato and Aristotle on Knowledge ==

Plato shows in the "Meno" that he believes that all knowledge is not learned, but recollected from a previous life. Does Aristotle believe the same as Plato? I know they differ on many aspects, but I am not sure if they differ on this or not. (please don't lecture me on doing my own homework, I am writing an essay, and do not know the answer to this. I just don't want to put wrong information in my essay. Yes I know what plagiarism is, and I don't participate in it.) Thanks <span style="font-size: smaller;" class="autosigned">—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/68.7.126.152|68.7.126.152]] ([[User talk:68.7.126.152|talk]]) 19:49, 1 October 2008 (UTC)</span><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->
:No, Aristotle lists some ways in which knowledge is obtained during people's lifetimes: [[episteme]], [[nous]], [[techne]], [[sophia]] and [[phronesis]]. Don't know if that's the whole list. Aristotle's views on knowledge were influential for many centuries. You might be able to find out more by looking for works on [[epistemology]], the theory of knowledge. Glad you have realised that plagiarism is not one of the routes to knowledge. Some people take a while to work that one out. [[User:Itsmejudith|Itsmejudith]] ([[User talk:Itsmejudith|talk]]) 20:35, 1 October 2008 (UTC)
::Keep in mind Bernard Baruch's observation that Aristotle, though twice married, believed women had fewer teeth than men do. Apparently observation was not high on his list... or he never let his wives open their mouths. --- [[User:OtherDave|OtherDave]] ([[User talk:OtherDave|talk]]) 12:21, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

== teosophy and root races ==

Hi guys, I've always been interested in learning about occult traditions, whether they are true or not, I don't know, but I was reading about the root races, and we are in the aryan one suposedly, and well, there is a lot to it, but I read the wiki articles already and they seem to be writen only by proponents, and there are no detractors that give scientific arguments disproving teosophy's claims...about humanitys evolution, atlantis, lemuria and all that.

so my wuestion is...this subject is really complicated, vast and ''interesting''...but are there scientific arguments in it's favour? or to disprove its claims?

thank u! <span style="font-size: smaller;" class="autosigned">—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/24.91.11.185|24.91.11.185]] ([[User talk:24.91.11.185|talk]]) 20:47, 1 October 2008 (UTC)</span><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->

:The usual spelling in English is [[Theosophy]]. I think that I read about that in [[Fads and Fallacies in the Name of Science]]; what I remember is that there were seven races, each having seven sub-races -- and that the alleged sequence and progression between them did not ascertainably correspond to any scientific discoveries about human evolution... [[User:AnonMoos|AnonMoos]] ([[User talk:AnonMoos|talk]]) 21:08, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

::What do you know, Wikipedia actually has an article [[Root race]]; my impression is that if you read it in the original, the whole thing sounds even sillier than it comes across in that article. The majority of modern scientists think that it's highly dubious whether modern "racial" divisions date back any farther than ca. 60,000-75,000 years ago at most... [[User:AnonMoos|AnonMoos]] ([[User talk:AnonMoos|talk]]) 21:32, 1 October 2008 (UTC)

that is cause all the modern ''races'' are nothing but sub races...that's why it seems so recent to science.
maybe... <span style="font-size: smaller;" class="autosigned">—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/24.91.11.185|24.91.11.185]] ([[User talk:24.91.11.185|talk]]) 22:57, 1 October 2008 (UTC)</span><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->

:Keep in mind in any event that this theory has nothing in common with even mid-20th century scientific thinking on racial or human development, much less modern, genomically-informed thinking on the subject. It's just 19th-century junk. --[[Special:Contributions/98.217.8.46|98.217.8.46]] ([[User talk:98.217.8.46|talk]]) 02:50, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

::Bridges by Aart Jurrianse is a book that builds bridges between theosophy and science, it is rather an easy read, compared to, a tretise on cosmic fire. it might help <span style="font-size: smaller;" class="autosigned">—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/193.115.175.247|193.115.175.247]] ([[User talk:193.115.175.247|talk]]) 10:34, 2 October 2008 (UTC)</span><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->

:::The article [[Cline (biology)]] offers some more modern ideas than "race".--[[User:Wetman|Wetman]] ([[User talk:Wetman|talk]]) 15:18, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

= October 2 =

== Psychological self-treatment ==

Suppose a psychiatrist/psychologist has, say, bulimia. Would they be able to treat themself, or would they have to see another mental-health specialist? I know a psychiatrist could write for his own medication, I suppose, but as far as psychotherapy, can it be performed successfully on oneself? Thanks!--[[User:El aprendelenguas|El aprendelenguas]] ([[User talk:El aprendelenguas|talk]]) 05:12, 2 October 2008 (UTC)
:Treating yourself for something psychological would pretty much defeat the purpose, wouldn't it? '''[[User:Grsz11|<font color="black">Grsz</font>]][[User talk:Grsz11|<b><font color="red"><sup>X</sup></font></b>]]''' 05:55, 2 October 2008 (UTC)
::Lots of people talk to themselves. I's very soothing :) Why do you think such self help would not work? Most people give up cigarettes by themselves whatever the advertisers say. [[User:Dmcq|Dmcq]] ([[User talk:Dmcq|talk]]) 07:34, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

:I would suspect that if you have got to the point of requiring to see a pyschiatrist (as a trained professional pyschiatrist yourself) then you would be having trouble dealing with your problem on your own. An example from tv (not ideal but shows it happens) is in [[The Sopranos]] where Tony Soprano's pyschiatrist regularly goes to see a pyschiatrist herself. Often from being removed from the situation you can better judge a remedy. If you 'live' the experience then it will be harder to remove yourself from your thoughts/feelings and make an accurate diagnosis.[[Special:Contributions/194.221.133.226|194.221.133.226]] ([[User talk:194.221.133.226|talk]]) 09:00, 2 October 2008 (UTC)
:<s>If it were something minor, like biting one's fingernails, then self-treatment would probably be okay. But</s> for something as serious as bulimia, a psychiatrist who treats him or herself has a fool for a client. [[User:Clarityfiend|Clarityfiend]] ([[User talk:Clarityfiend|talk]]) 09:17, 2 October 2008 (UTC)
While we're on the topic, can dentists fix their own teeth? --[[Special:Contributions/124.254.77.148|124.254.77.148]] ([[User talk:124.254.77.148|talk]]) 11:32, 2 October 2008 (UTC)
::This thread reminds me of a dialogue from [http://www.script-o-rama.com/movie_scripts/b/barton-fink-script-screenplay.html Barton Fink]:
::<small>DEUTSCH: He's a little funny in the head.
::BARTON: What did . . . What did he -
::MASTRIONOTTI: Funny. As in, he likes to ventilate people with a shotgun and then cut their heads off.
::DEUTSCH: Yeah, he's funny that way.
::BARTON: I ...
::MASTRIONOTTI: Started in Kansas City. Couple of housewives.
::DEUTSCH: Couple of days ago we see the same M.O. out in Los Feliz.
::MASTRIONOTTI: Doctor. Ear, nose and throat man.
::DEUTSCH: All of which he's now missin'.
::MASTRIONOTTI: Well, some of his throat was there.
::DEUTSCH: Physician, heal thyself.
::MASTRIONOTTI: Good luck with no fuckin' head.</small>
::[[Special:Contributions/194.171.56.13|194.171.56.13]] ([[User talk:194.171.56.13|talk]]) 11:54, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

:::My understanding of psychology is far from complete, but I guess what I'm trying to ask is, for serious mental disorders that require clinical psychologically attention (e.g. anorexia, bulimia, schizophrenia), could a psychiatrist/psychologist treat himself/herself? Or is it something about the nature of the mind and mental disorders that requires an external perspective to treat? Or does the knowledge they have of psychology make them "immune" to such diseases? That's my basic question. On a side note, what about less serious disorders like phobias? And can a psychologist perform cognitive behavioral therapy on himself/herself? Thanks!--[[User:El aprendelenguas|El aprendelenguas]] ([[User talk:El aprendelenguas|talk]]) 19:42, 2 October 2008 (UTC)
::::They could certainly self-prescribe medication to some degree (though I don't know about the legality of that). Whether they'd be able to rationally recognize and diagnose their own schizophrenia, for example, would depend on the degree to which they could be really rational about it. Certainly an education in psychology does not make one "immune" to diseases which are strongly biochemical and potentially genetic in origin. --[[Special:Contributions/98.217.8.46|98.217.8.46]] ([[User talk:98.217.8.46|talk]]) 22:23, 2 October 2008 (UTC)
It depends, it is possible to do some things on your own. You can, for example, hypnotize yourself to a certain extent. However, a lot of therapy methods see talking about the problem with others as an important part of the process. [[User:Wrad|Wrad]] ([[User talk:Wrad|talk]]) 00:37, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

Psychological self-treatment might be like "Every day, in every way, I'm getting better and better." Or, self hypnosis. [[User:DOR (HK)|DOR (HK)]] ([[User talk:DOR (HK)|talk]]) 01:50, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

:I don't see any problem about a psychologist treating his winter depression. In the case of schizophrenia, however, perhaps he is so dysfunctional that he is not even able to have coherent thoughts. [[User:Mr.K.|Mr.K.]] [[User_talk:Mr.K.|(talk)]] 09:49, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

== Nigerian press ==

what role Nigerian press and media played over Bakassi issue <span style="font-size: smaller;" class="autosigned">—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/195.166.237.254|195.166.237.254]] ([[User talk:195.166.237.254|talk]]) 14:50, 2 October 2008 (UTC)</span><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->
:Our [[Bakassi]] article says the decision to transfer sovereignty of the region to [[Cameroon]] aroused anger in the Nigerian media. --[[User:TotoBaggins|Sean]] 20:29, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

== Dass local government ==
<small>Moved from [[WP:RD/E#Dass local government|Entertainment ref desk]] [[User:Astronaut|Astronaut]] ([[User talk:Astronaut|talk]]) 18:15, 2 October 2008 (UTC)</small>

what is the history of Dass local government area of Bauchi state,Nigeria.[[Special:Contributions/195.166.237.254|195.166.237.254]] ([[User talk:195.166.237.254|talk]]) 16:07, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

== Open meeting vs closed meeting ==

If a meeting is open as opposed to closed, does that generally mean that non-committee members are allowed to attend only or also allowed to participate? --[[User:Seans Potato Business|Seans]] '''[[User talk:Seans Potato Business|Potato Business]]''' 18:21, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

:That would probably be at the discretion of the chair. They wouldn't usually be able to vote, but they could speak if the chair invites them to. --[[User:Tango|Tango]] ([[User talk:Tango|talk]]) 18:27, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

:In an open meeting, the proceedings are conducted in the open, i.e., they can be observed by non-committee members or non-committee members may be invited to participate (though, who can observe or participate may be controlled). Closed meetings are conducted out of the scrutiny of outsiders with only committee members allowed to observe/participate (the minutes may be made available later though). --[[User:RegentsPark|Regents Park]] <small>([[User talk:RegentsPark|sniff out my socks]])</small> 20:14, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

::In Ireland, "open meeting" often means a public meeting which anyone can attend, or a sporting event which all comers can enter, but I think some organizations use it to mean a meeting that all members can attend and not just the members of the board or committee. Even at a public meeting, the rules will vary on who is allowed to participate - that is, to speak, vote, etc. So you need to find out what rules there are for the meetings you have in mind, or at least what usually happens. [[User:Strawless|Strawless]] ([[User talk:Strawless|talk]]) 23:38, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

== ¿ Is “ textual ” copy of the Bible ? ==

See this text, which is the correct translation?
( or From where was there extracted ? ):

May energy be in your spirit, strength in your resolution, gentleness in your heart, tenderness in your touch, respect on your lips, clarity in your mind and God in your soul And God said unto him, "Daniel, do you love Me or love My gifts?"

[[Special:Contributions/200.40.134.194|200.40.134.194]] ([[User talk:200.40.134.194|talk]]) 22:14, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

:That doesn't sound to me like anything in the [[Book of Daniel]], which is the obvious place to look for it. Indeed, I don't believe Daniel is recorded anywhere as speaking with God: that is one of the reasons why the Jewish religion disputes whether he is one of the prophets or not. [[User:Strawless|Strawless]] ([[User talk:Strawless|talk]]) 23:24, 2 October 2008 (UTC)
::A google search for that quote yields zero hits, and I also don't think it sounds like the Bible; I've read it several times, but this has a distinctly modern-ish feel to my ear. Where did you get it? -[[User:FisherQueen|FisherQueen]]<span style="font-size: smaller;"> ([[User talk:FisherQueen|talk]] · [[Special:Contributions/FisherQueen|contribs]])</span> 23:26, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

:::That is not in the Bible as used in mainstream Christianity. It may be in a Bible customized for an offshoot of Christianity or a Bible for another religion all together. -- [[User:Kainaw|<font color='#ff0000'>k</font><font color='#cc0033'>a</font><font color='#990066'>i</font><font color='#660099'>n</font><font color='#3300cc'>a</font><font color='#0000ff'>w</font>]][[User talk:Kainaw|&trade;]] 01:55, 3 October 2008 (UTC)



= October 3 =

== uncommitted ohio voters ==
I'm watching vice presidential debate on CNN, there is an uncommitted ohio voters graph, how does this work? --[[Special:Contributions/92.227.176.143|92.227.176.143]] ([[User talk:92.227.176.143|talk]]) 02:10, 3 October 2008 (UTC)
:CNN compiled a group of uncommintted Ohio voters at Ohio State University to watch the debate. As they listen, they have a device that they can move up and down according to their approval or disapproval of that the candidates are saying. '''[[User:Grsz11|<font color="black">Grsz</font>]][[User talk:Grsz11|<b><font color="red"><sup>X</sup></font></b>]]''' 02:15, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

:Personally I wish they had given some of those devices to a bunch of chimpanzees—would probably have been more informative, and more entertaining! --[[Special:Contributions/98.217.8.46|98.217.8.46]] ([[User talk:98.217.8.46|talk]]) <span style="font-size: smaller;" class="autosigned">—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|undated]] comment was added at 03:20, 3 October 2008 (UTC).</span><!--Template:Undated--> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->
::Instead of "approve/disapprove" it could be "eat poo/fling poo"... --[[User:Jayron32|Jayron32]].[[User talk:Jayron32|<small>talk</small>]].[[Special:Contributions/Jayron32|<small>contribs</small>]] 03:56, 3 October 2008 (UTC)
:::Nothing to do with Ohio, but global health guru Hans Rosling has a stunning [http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/hans_rosling_shows_the_best_stats_you_ve_ever_seen.html presentation] in which he says, around the 2-minute mark, "I have shown that Swedish top students know statistically significantly less about the world than the chimpanzees." --- [[User:OtherDave|OtherDave]] ([[User talk:OtherDave|talk]]) 16:15, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

== Hawaii Prepaid Healthcare Act ==

Out of curiosity, what can people here at the reference desk tell me about the Hawaii Prepaid Healthcare Act? I believe it regulates healthcare insurance in a way not found in anywhere else in the country, and was the basis of a plan to provide universal healthcare under the Clinton Administration. A quick Google search doesn't tell me much, and there's no article about it here on Wikipedia (although I added a mention in the [[ERISA]] article ages ago.) I'm asking because I'm thinking about authoring an article for it sometime in the foreseeable future. [[User:Musashi1600|Musashi1600]] ([[User talk:Musashi1600|talk]]) 09:28, 3 October 2008 (UTC)
:The [http://hawaii.gov/labor/dcd/aboutphc.shtml first Google hit] seems informative. --[[User:TotoBaggins|Sean]] 14:01, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

== [[Treasury_security#TIPS]] ==

I am searching for foreign currency TIPS, specially in pound and euro. Are foreign governments also issuing securities like these? [[User:Mr.K.|Mr.K.]] [[User_talk:Mr.K.|(talk)]] 09:42, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

:Already found: [[Inflation-indexed_bond]]. <small><span class="autosigned">—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[User:Mr.K.|Mr.K.]] ([[User talk:Mr.K.|talk]] • [[Special:Contributions/Mr.K.|contribs]]) 10:03, 3 October 2008 (UTC)</span></small><!-- Template:Unsigned --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->

== Titanic (1997 film) ==

After the part of the film where the dome collapses and destroys the Grand Staircase, the camera rolls down a first class corridor which is flooding and having its doors torn off. I was wondering what's causing these doors to collapse, have the staterooms on either side of the corridor flooded and the pressure is destroying them. Because as far as I can see, the corridor is only just beginning to flood. Thanks --Thanks, [[User:Hadseys|Hadseys]] 12:39, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

:Could it be [[artistic license]] to make a more exciting scene? Without watching that exact part of the film it's hard to speculate for sure but...water is an incredibly powerful source, with the force of water rushing against a door that has already had unexpected pressure on it, perhaps that would be enough. I suspect it is artistic license though, not a whole lot of hollywood is grounded in reality, and less so is scientifically sound. [[Special:Contributions/194.221.133.226|194.221.133.226]] ([[User talk:194.221.133.226|talk]]) 13:26, 3 October 2008 (UTC)
::Having watched [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nwA5vvrreyQ the scene in question], I'd say you're right, it looks kind of flaky but that's just what film-makers do. --[[User:Richardrj|Richardrj]] [[User talk:Richardrj|<sup>talk </sup>]][[Special:Emailuser/Richardrj|<sup>email</sup>]] 13:36, 3 October 2008 (UTC)
*So am I right in thinking that the staterooms on the right hand side of the corridor have already flooded and the corridor is now buckling under the oncoming water and from the pressurised water in the staterooms? --Thanks, [[User:Hadseys|Hadseys]] 13:46, 3 October 2008 (UTC)
:No there is no reason for the doors to collapse, they should not collapse at all. The authors of the film only wanted to make the film look impressive. I have no idea what would be their explanation of the phenomemon, but it certainly wouldn't make much scientific sense. --[[User:Lgriot|Lgriot]] ([[User talk:Lgriot|talk]]) 14:50, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

== Indigenous patterns throughout Central America ==

Further to the question about blacks in various countries in South America, it occured to me to ask why the gradation of population in [[Central America]] is the way it is. [[Mexico]], while not free of racism, has fused its history into a new race (or people, or ethnic group), the [[mestiso]]. Its immediate neighbo(u)r to the south, [[Guatemala]], has a high proportion of indigenous people, and, roughly speaking, as one meanders down the peninsula, it becomes progressively "whiter" (more European or North American), culminating in [[Costa Rica]], the least indigenous country of the region. Why is this? [[User:BrainyBabe|BrainyBabe]] ([[User talk:BrainyBabe|talk]]) 14:07, 3 October 2008 (UTC)
:The situation is not so clear cut in Mexico where gradations of race and racism exist across the country. This is one of the issues of the [[Zapatista Army of National Liberation]]. [[User:Rmhermen|Rmhermen]] ([[User talk:Rmhermen|talk]]) 14:55, 3 October 2008 (UTC)
::Indeed, most of the power structure in Mexico is decidedly European. The idea that Mexicans are a uniform race of 50% Europeans and 50% indiginous is a bit of a whitewash (pardon the pun). Especially in the south, such as the Yucatan and Oaxaca areas, there a lots of fully indiginous peoples which have not assimilated well into Mexican society. --[[User:Jayron32|Jayron32]].[[User talk:Jayron32|<small>talk</small>]].[[Special:Contributions/Jayron32|<small>contribs</small>]] 15:54, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

== Chinese in Africa ==

Again following on from a question about Africans in China, how many [[Chinese people]] are there in [[Africa]]? Our article on [[Chinese South Africans]] suggests 100 000 - 300 000 in that country alone, most of them recent immigrants, as opposed to the [[Chinese diaspora|descendants of previous waves]]. This 2007 ''[[International Herald Tribune]]'' article says the "[[Xinhua]] press agency recently estimated there were at least 750,000 Chinese working or living for extended periods on the continent" [http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/08/17/africa/malawi.php]. I am not sure to what extent that is an unbiased source. Does any other national or international body attempt to keep accurate statistics -- ie how reliable is whatever data there is? How quickly is the situation changing -- my impression is, very rapidly, but I might be wrong. What countries have the most Chinese immigrants or long-term workers? Aside from the usual entrepreneurs, managers, engineers, technicians, and shopkeepers, what sort of occupation or function do the immigrants fulfil? [[User:BrainyBabe|BrainyBabe]] ([[User talk:BrainyBabe|talk]]) 14:25, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

== Pyramid ==

There are pyramids in Egypt and also in various south american countries, 1, are there any in any other places on earth, and 2, why have these two seperate places build similar structures, is there a connection? <span style="font-size: smaller;" class="autosigned">—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/193.115.175.247|193.115.175.247]] ([[User talk:193.115.175.247|talk]]) 15:17, 3 October 2008 (UTC)</span><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->

1. Yes, all around the world. see the article [[pyramid]] for checking where.
2. Because it is pretty stable, despite being a high structure.
[[User:Mr.K.|Mr.K.]] [[User_talk:Mr.K.|(talk)]] 15:27, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

:No historian thinks that all these forms are culturally connected by historic contact among peoples or through extra-terrestrial interference. There is an authentic cultural connection between the Egyptian pyramids and the pyramids at [[Axum]], in northern [[Ethiopia]], south of Egypt, however. [[Thor Heyerdahl]] built the [[Ra II]] to sail it across the Atlantic in an attempt to prove that Egyptians could have sailed to Central America. Such connections form a major part of [[Mormon]] mythology.--[[User:Wetman|Wetman]] ([[User talk:Wetman|talk]]) 15:30, 3 October 2008 (UTC)
::Well, I wouldn't say NO historian. No '''credible''' historian does, but for an entertaining read, check out [[Graham Hancock]]'s book ''Fingerprints of the Gods'', where he makes an arguement for it. He does lay out a very interesting case, and its a good read. I won't spoil the ending for you, but, while it doesn't have anything to do with [[2001: A Space Odyssey (film)|psychopathic retangular monoliths that play Richard Strauss music to monkeys]], its pretty close. Understand going in that its '''total bullshit''', but its still an interesting case. --[[User:Jayron32|Jayron32]].[[User talk:Jayron32|<small>talk</small>]].[[Special:Contributions/Jayron32|<small>contribs</small>]] 15:51, 3 October 2008 (UTC)
: Some of those who subscribe to [[Pyramidology]] believe in such connections, and also connections to vaguely similar structures in Southeast Asia. I once read an hysterical book (which was also concerned with UFOs and anti-gravity and stuff) which claimed there was a harmonic relationship between the positions of these supposedly-related vaguely pyramidal structures, and thus claimed some [[pyramid power]] travel/communications network existed between these. Gosh, I wish I could remember that book's name. -- [[User:Finlay McWalter|Finlay McWalter]] | [[User talk:Finlay McWalter|Talk]] 15:47, 3 October 2008 (UTC)
::That was someone other than Hancock... His book is a little more grounded in reality, though not much... --[[User:Jayron32|Jayron32]].[[User talk:Jayron32|<small>talk</small>]].[[Special:Contributions/Jayron32|<small>contribs</small>]] 15:51, 3 October 2008 (UTC)
:There's a name used in archeology/anthropology for when the same things (pottery, for eg) develop entirely independently in different cultures around the world (generally because the inventions are the most obvious, simple solutions to particular problems facing these cultures) -- but I can't for the life of remember what the term is. But it is a genuine phenomenom. Nothing to do with little green men.[[Special:Contributions/86.147.162.163|86.147.162.163]] ([[User talk:86.147.162.163|talk]]) 15:59, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

== Islam fasting and activities ==

Besides Ramadan, which others months of the Hijri calender do Muslims fast because their Prophet Muhammad (P.B.U.H) used do? During those months such as Rajab and Muharram, what are the prayers and activities do Muslims do? <span style="font-size: smaller;" class="autosigned">—Preceding [[Wikipedia:Signatures|unsigned]] comment added by [[Special:Contributions/142.204.74.52|142.204.74.52]] ([[User talk:142.204.74.52|talk]]) 15:36, 3 October 2008 (UTC)</span><!-- Template:UnsignedIP --> <!--Autosigned by SineBot-->
:You know, we have an article on [[Islam]]. Also, you may want to read the chapter in your World Religions textbook that came immediately before that homework assignment. I am certain the answer will be in there. Good luck on that homework, and please re-read that disclaimer at the top of the page. --[[User:Jayron32|Jayron32]].[[User talk:Jayron32|<small>talk</small>]].[[Special:Contributions/Jayron32|<small>contribs</small>]] 15:45, 3 October 2008 (UTC)

Revision as of 00:28, 13 October 2008

Ōbatake Station (大畠駅, Ōbatake-eki) is a train station in Yanai, Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan.

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Sanyō Main Line
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