MS-13 and Talk:Auriga (constellation): Difference between pages
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{{Infobox Criminal organization |
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|name = Mara Salvatrucha |
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|image = Marasalvatrucha13.png |
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|image_size = |
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|caption = '''MS-13''' gang member with gang's name tattooed on his back. |
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|founded = |
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|founding_location = |
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|years_active = 1980s - present |
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|territory = [[North America]], [[Central America]] |
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|ethnicity = [[Latino]] |
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|membership = Unknown |
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|rivals = |
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|activities = [[Illegal drug trade|Drug trafficking]], [[robbery]], [[extortion]], [[Arms trafficking]], [[murder]], [[contract killing]], etc. |
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}} |
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'''Mara Salvatrucha''' are large gangs in Northern [[Central America]] and the [[United States]]. The gang names are commonly abbreviated as '''MS''',<ref name="cbsnews"/> '''Mara''', and '''MS-13''', and are composed mostly of [[El Salvador|Salvadorans]], [[Honduras|Hondurans]], [[Guatemala]]ns, [[Nicaragua]]ns and [[Mexico|Mexicans]]. The Mara Salvatrucha gangs have cliques, or factions, located throughout the United States and [[Latin America]]. |
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==Herakles== |
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Their activities have caught the eye of the FBI, who in September 2005 initiated wide-scale raids against suspected gang members, netting 660 arrests across the country.<ref name="cbsnews">[http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2005/12/01/60minutes/main1090941.shtml "The Fight Against MS-13."] ''60 Minutes: CBS News''. 04-12-2005. Accessed 14-11-2007.</ref> In the United States, the gang's strongholds have historically been in the American Southwest and West Coast states. Membership in the U.S was believed to be as many as about 50,000 as of 2005.<ref name="nprnews">[[Mandalit Del Barco|del Barco, Mandalit]]. [http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4539688 "The International Reach of the Mara Salvatrucha."] ''NPR News''. Retrieved [[2006-11-15]].</ref> MS-13 criminal activities include [[illegal drug trade|drug smuggling and sales]], black market gun sales, [[trafficking in human beings|human trafficking]], [[auto theft]]s, [[home invasion]]s, assaults on law enforcement officials, and [[contract killing]].<ref name="drugintelligence-va">[http://www.usdoj.gov/ndic/pubs07/797/marijuan.htm "Marijuana - Virginia Drug Threat Assessment."] ''Drug Intelligence Center'' (March 2002).</ref> |
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I have changed the name of Hercules from [[Herakles]] to [[Heracles]], since Herakles was linking to a computer programme that plays othello. Hope no one minds :) - bitch[[User:Lamuk69|Lamuk]] |
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:No, mind. Said: <span style="color: #800000; background-color: #FFFF80; padding: 1px 2px 3px 2px">''[[User:Rursus|Rursus]]''</span> 14:53, 4 May 2007 (UTC) |
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==Adding Distance== |
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Former gang member [[Brenda Paz]] said that MS is well structured, with multiple leaders, and that the gang's goal is to become the top gang in the United States.<ref name="cbsnews" /> |
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Can you please add those known distances to blanks to those starrows and distance column to every constellation with a table even half or most of all Flamsteed stars and are stars that are not very prominent. Talk:00:01, 9 December 2006 by Chris Dybala <small>—The preceding [[Wikipedia:Sign your posts on talk pages|unsigned]] comment was added by [[Special:Contributions/68.252.247.194|68.252.247.194]] ([[User talk:68.252.247.194|talk]]) 00:03, 9 December 2006 (UTC).</small><!-- HagermanBot Auto-Unsigned --> |
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==History== |
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The Mara Salvatrucha gang originated in [[Los Angeles]], set up in 1980s by [[El Salvador|Salvadoran]] immigrants in the city's [[Pico-Union, Los Angeles, California|Pico-Union]] neighborhood.<ref>[http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4539688 "The International Reach of the Mara Salvatrucha."] NPR.org.</ref> There is some dispute about the etymology of the name (see below: ''[[Mara Salvatrucha#Etymology|Etymology]]''). The most common belief is that ''Mara'' refers to the [[Spanish language|Spanish]] word for ''[[gang]]''; it is suggested that ''Salvatrucha'' refers to the Salvadoran guerrillas, the source of much of the gang's early manpower. |
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Originally, the gang's main purpose was to protect Salvadoran immigrants from other, more established gangs of Los Angeles, who were predominately comprised of [[Mexicans]] and [[African-Americans]].<ref>Sheridan, Mary Beth. [http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A10440-2004Jun27 "In N.Va. Gang, A Brutal Sense Of Belonging."] ''The Washington Post''. June 27, 2004.</ref> For this reason, the gang initially allowed only Salvadorans to join, but later allowed other Central Americans to join as well. |
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Many Mara Salvatrucha gang members from the Los Angeles area have been deported either because of their illegal status in the United States, or for committing crimes as non-citizens, or both.<ref name="lopez"/> As a result of these deportations, members of MS-13 have recruited more members in their home countries. The Los Angeles Times contends that deportation policies have contributed to the size and influence of the gang both in the United States and in Central America.<ref name="lopez"/> Salvadoran authorities report that approximately 60% of prison inmates serving prison terms for gang-related crimes there have either fled prosecution or have been deported from the United States.<ref name="lopez">{{cite news|title=Gang Uses Deportation to its Advantage to Flourish in the U.S. |author=Lopez, Robert J. |coauthors=Rich Connell and Chris Kraul |url=http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-gang30oct30,0,6717943.story?coll=la-home-headlines |publisher=Los Angeles Times |date=[[October 30]], [[2005]] |accessdate=2007-12-05 }}</ref> |
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==Publicized crimes== |
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On July 13, 2003, [[Brenda Paz]], a 17-year-old female, was found murdered on the banks of the [[Shenandoah River]] in [[Virginia]]. Paz was killed for "snitching" or telling the police about Mara Salvatrucha activities. Four of her friends were later convicted of the murder.<ref name="potomacnews-brendapaz">Frieden, Terry. [http://www.cnn.com/2005/LAW/05/17/ms13.trial.verdicts/index.html "Two convicted, two acquitted in suburban Virginia street gang trial".] ''CNN'. March 17, 2005.</ref> |
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On December 23, 2004, one of the most widely publicized MS-13 crimes in Central America happened in [[Chamelecón]], [[Honduras]]. An intercity bus was intercepted and sprayed with automatic gunfire, killing 28 passengers, most of whom were women and children.<ref>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4124133.stm "Gang linked to Honduras massacre."] ''BBC''. December 24, 2004.</ref> In February 2007, the courts found Juan Carlos Miranda Bueso and Darwin Alexis Ramírez guilty of several crimes including murder and attempted murder. Ebert Anibal Rivera was held over the attack and was arrested in [[Texas]] after having fled.<ref name="bbc">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/4293041.stm "Honduras massacre 'leader' held."] ''BBC''. February 24, 2005.</ref> Juan Bautista Jimenez, accused of masterminding the attack, was killed in prison. According to the authorities, he was [[hanged]] by fellow MS-13 inmates.<ref>[http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=140&edition=8&ccrcountry=157§ion=86&ccrpage=37 "Countries at the Crossroads 2007."] freedomhouse.org.</ref> There was insufficient evidence to convict Óscar Fernando Mendoza and Wilson Geovany Gómez.<ref name="bbc"/> |
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On May 13, 2006, Ernesto "Smokey" Miranda, an ex-high ranking soldier and one of the founders of the Mara Salvatrucha, was murdered at his home in El Salvador a few hours after declining to attend a party for a gang member who had just been released from prison. He had begun studying law and working to keep children out of gangs.<ref name=<"nprstory-mirandadeath">del Barco, Mandalit. [http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5409128 "Gang Leader Shot to Death on Road to Reform."] ''NPR News''. May 16, 2006. Retrieved [[2006-11-15]].</ref> |
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On June 4, 2008, in [[Toronto, Ontario]], police executed 22 search warrants, made 17 arrests and laid 63 charges following a five-month investigation.<ref>[http://www.cbc.ca/canada/toronto/story/2008/06/05/ms-13.html "Central American gang was plotting murder in Toronto, police say."] ''CBC''. June 5, 2008.</ref> |
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On June 22, 2008, in [[San Francisco, California]], a 21-year old MS-13 gang member, Edwin Ramos, shot and killed a father and two of his sons because of alleged "mistaken identity" for rival gang members.<ref>Derbeken, Jaxon Van. [http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2008/06/27/MNV711FT7I.DTL "Widow pleads for death penalty."] ''San Francisco Chronicle''. June 27, 2008.</ref> |
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===Illegal immigration and human smuggling=== |
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According to ''The Washington Times'', MS-13 "is thought to have established a major smuggling center" in Mexico.<ref>[http://www.washtimes.com/news/2004/sep/28/20040928-123346-3928r/ "Al Qaeda seeks tie to local gangs."] ''Washington Times''. September 28, 2004.</ref> There were reports that MS-13 members were ordered to Arizona to target border guards and [[Minuteman Project]] volunteers.<ref>[http://www.washtimes.com/news/2005/mar/28/20050328-125306-7868r/ "Gang will target Minuteman vigil on Mexico border."] ''Washington Times''. March 28, 2005.</ref><ref>Carter, Sara A. and Mason Stockstill. [http://www.dailybulletin.com/news/ci_3386933 "Report: MS-13 gang hired to murder Border Patrol."] DailyBulletin.com. January 9, 2006.</ref> |
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In 2005, Honduran Security Minister [[Oscar Alvarez]] and the President of El Salvador raised alarm by claiming that [[Al-Qaeda]] was meeting with MS-13 and other Central American gangs to help them infiltrate the United States. FBI agents said that the U.S. intelligence community and governments of several Central American countries found there is no basis to believe that MS-13 is connected to Al-Qaeda or other Islamic radicals, although Oscar did visit Central America to discuss the issue.<ref>Harman, Danna. [http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2005-02-23-gang-salvador_x.htm "U.S. steps up battle against Salvadoran gang MS-13."] ''USA Today''. February 23, 2005.</ref> |
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Robert Morales, a prosecutor for Guatemala, indicated to ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'' that some Central American gang members seek refugee status in [[Canada]]. Superintendent of the [[Royal Canadian Mounted Police]] integrated gang task force, John Robin, said in an interview that "I think [gang members] have a feeling that police here won't treat them in the harsh manner they get down there."<ref name="refugee">{{cite web |
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|url=http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/LAC.20080107.MASONSIDE07/TPStory/TPInternational/America/ |
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|title=Canada is a haven to gangsters on the run |
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|last=Mason |
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|first=Gary |
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|publisher=[[The Globe and Mail]] |
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|date=[[2008-01-07]] |
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|accessdate=2008-01-07}}</ref> Robin noted that Canadian authorities "want to avoid ending up like the U.S., which is dealing with the problem of Central American gangsters on a much bigger scale".<ref name="refugee" /> |
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On the southern border of Mexico, the gang has unleashed violence against migrants.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.dallasobserver.com/2007-07-26/news/el-tren-de-la-muerte/2 | title=El Tren de la Muerte | publisher=Dallas Observer | date=July 26, 2007}}</ref> |
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==Etymology== |
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There are various possible explanations for the name Mara Salvatrucha. Some sources state the gang is named for La Mara, a street in [[San Salvador]], and the Salvatrucha guerrillas who fought in [[Salvadoran Civil War|El Salvador's bloody civil war]].<ref>Domash, Shelly Feuer. [http://www.apfn.org/APFN/MS-13.HTM "America's Most Dangerous Gang."] apfn.org.</ref> Additionally, the word ''mara'' means gang in [[Caliche slang|Caliche]] and is taken from ''marabunta'', the name of a fierce type of ant. "Salvatrucha" is a [[portmanteau]] of ''Salvadoran'' and ''trucha'', a Caliche word for being alert, usually entailing preparedness for crime or abuse from police. |
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==Gang markings and hand signs== |
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[[Image:Marasalvatrucha13arrest.png|thumb|right|300px|An MS suspect bearing gang tattoos is handcuffed. In 2004, the [[FBI]] created the MS-13 National Gang Task Force. A year later, the FBI helped create [[National Gang Intelligence Center]].]] |
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Many Mara Salvatrucha members cover themselves in [[tattoo]]s. Common markings include "MS", "Salvatrucha" the "Devil Horns" the name of their clique and other symbols.<ref name="pbsnewshour">Werner, Zach. [http://www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/features/july-dec05/gangs_10-05.html "FBI Targets MS-13 Street Gang."] ''NewsHour Extra''. October 5, 2005. Retrieved [[2006-12-11]].</ref> A December 2007 CNN internet news article stated that the gang was moving away from the tattoos in an attempt to commit crimes without being noticed.<ref name="cnnnews">"[http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/americas/12/16/gang.makeovers.ap/index.html "Tattooed faces a dead giveaway: Gangs go for new look."] ''CNN''. December 16, 2007.</ref> |
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Members of Mara Salvatrucha, like members of most modern American gangs, utilize a system of hand signs for purposes of identification and communication. One of the most commonly displayed is the "[[corna|devil's head]]" (formed by extending the index and little fingers of the hand while tucking in the middle and ring fingers with the thumb), which forms an ''M'' when displayed upside down. This hand sign is similar to the same symbol commonly seen displayed by [[Heavy metal music|heavy metal]] musicians and their fans. Founders of Mara Salvatrucha borrowed the hand sign after attending concerts of heavy metal bands they liked.<ref>{{cite news|title=Gang Uses Deportation to its Advantage to Flourish in the U.S. |author=National Geographic |url=http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-8050801435890714263&q=world%27s+most+dangerous+gang&total=20&start=0&num=10&so=0&type=search&plindex=0 |publisher=National Geographic |accessdate=2008-9-10 }}</ref> |
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== See also == |
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*[[Maras (gangs)]] |
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*[[List of California street gangs]] |
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*[[Gangs in the United States]] |
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==References== |
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{{reflist|2}} |
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==External links== |
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*[http://www.msthirteen.com/ MS-13 Current News and Analysis] |
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*[http://www.pbs.org/wnet/wideangle/episodes/18-with-a-bullet/introduction/750/ "18 with a Bullet"] ''[[Wide Angle (TV series)|Wide Angle]] [[Public Broadcasting Service|PBS]]'' |
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*[http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20050501faessay84310/ana-arana/how-the-street-gangs-took-central-america.html "How the Street Gangs Took Central America"] May/June 2005 ''[[Foreign Affairs]]'' |
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*[http://www.fpif.org/fpiftxt/4144 "Gangs, Terrorists, and Trade"] April 12, 2007 in [http://www.fpif.org/ Foreign Policy In Focus] |
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*[http://ngcblog.nationalgeographic.com/explorer/] National Geographic post-investigation essay. |
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*[http://charlotte.fbi.gov/dojpressrel/2008/ce062408.htm] [[FBI]] Press release, 24 June 2008 |
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[[Category:Los Angeles area street gangs]] |
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[[Category:Gangs in Massachusetts]] |
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[[Category:Terrorism in the United States]] |
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[[Category:Hispanic gangs]] |
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[[Category:1971 establishments]] |
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[[Category:Organized crime groups in Latin America]] |
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[[Category:Mara Salvatrucha]] |
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[[Category:Modern street gangs]] |
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[[Category:History of Los Angeles, California]] |
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[[Category:Gangs in New York City]] |
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[[Category:Gangs in Philadelphia]] |
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[[Category:Detroit gangs]] |
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[[da:Mara Salvatrucha]] |
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[[de:Mara Salvatrucha]] |
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[[es:Mara Salvatrucha]] |
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[[fr:Mara Salvatrucha]] |
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[[it:Mara Salvatrucha]] |
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[[he:מארה סלבטרוצ'ה]] |
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[[nl:Mara Salvatrucha]] |
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[[ja:マラ・サルバトルチャ]] |
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[[pl:Mara Salvatrucha]] |
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[[pt:Mara Salvatrucha]] |
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[[ru:Mara Salvatrucha]] |
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[[fi:Mara Salvatrucha]] |
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[[vi:Mara Salvatrucha]] |
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Revision as of 17:22, 13 October 2008
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Herakles
I have changed the name of Hercules from Herakles to Heracles, since Herakles was linking to a computer programme that plays othello. Hope no one minds :) - bitchLamuk
- No, mind. Said: Rursus 14:53, 4 May 2007 (UTC)
Adding Distance
Can you please add those known distances to blanks to those starrows and distance column to every constellation with a table even half or most of all Flamsteed stars and are stars that are not very prominent. Talk:00:01, 9 December 2006 by Chris Dybala —The preceding unsigned comment was added by 68.252.247.194 (talk) 00:03, 9 December 2006 (UTC).