Alexander of Constantinople and Talk:Bath Local School District: Difference between pages
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{{Infobox Saint |
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|name=Saint Alexander |
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|birth_date=237 - 244 |
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|death_date=337 |
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|feast_day=[[August 30]] |
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|venerated_in=[[Eastern Orthodoxy]]<br>[[Roman Catholicism]] |
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|death_place=[[Constantinople]] |
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Saint '''Alexander of Constantinople''' (born between 237 and 244 - 337) was [[bishop]] of [[Byzantium]] and the bishop of [[Constantinople]]<ref>[[Theodoret]] ''Hist.'' i. 19</ref> (the city was renamed during his episcopacy). He was elected as a [[vicar]] to assist the aged bishop [[Saint Metrophanes]] of Constantinople. As a result, both he and Metrophanes are variously reported as being the first Bishop of Constantinople (both are also sometimes listed as first "[[Patriarch]]" of Constantinople, though the [[episcopal see]] had not yet been elevated to that rank).<ref>See [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214.ix.viii.iv.html Canon iii], [[First Council of Constantinople]], 359 AD</ref> Alexander served as bishop for about 23 years, until his death. His [[consecration]], which has been variously dated from between 313 and 317, took place when he was 73 years of age.<ref>[[Socrates Scholasticus]] ''Hist.'' ii. 6; [[Sozomen]] ''Hist.'' iii. 3</ref> At the time of Metrophanes' death, he left instructions in his will to elect his vicar to the throne of Constantinople. |
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During his episcopacy, Alexander engaged in debate with [[pagan]] [[philosophers]] and opposed [[Christian heresy|heresies]]. He was highly praised by [[Gregory Nazianzus]]<ref>Gregory Nazianzus, ''Oration 27''</ref> and [[Epiphanius of Cyprus]].<ref>Epiphanius of Cyprus, ''Adv. Haer''. lxix. 10</ref> [[Theodoret]] called him an "apostolic" bishop.<ref>Theodoret, ''Hist.'' i. 3, cf. ''Phil.'' 12</ref> |
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==Arian controversy== |
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When the [[Arian controversy]] began, [[Alexander of Alexandria|Alexander]], the [[Patriarch of Alexandria]], requested his cooperation in combatting what he perceived to be [[heresy]].<ref>Theodoret, ''op. cit.'' i. 4</ref> According to most sources, Alexander of Constantinople was present at the [[First Council of Nicaea]]<ref>Sozomen, ''op. cit.'' ii. 29</ref> as Metrophanes' deputy, although some sources state that Metrophanes (who would have been 117 years of age at the time) attended the council personally. At the council, Arius and his teachings were condemned. |
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Later, [[Arius]] desired to be received back into the [[communion (Christian)|communion]] of the Church. The [[Roman Emperor]] [[Constantine I]], having been convinced by the [[Eusebius of Nicomedia|Eusebians]], commanded Alexander to formally receive Arius back.<ref>[[Athanasius of Alexandria]] ''Ep. ad Serap.''; [[Rufinus]], ''Hist.'' i.</ref> According to Socrates Scholasticus, Arius did not in fact repent of his heresy, but was equivocating, and Bishop Alexander was aware of this.<ref>Socrates Scholasticus, ''op. cit.'' i. 37</ref> Alexander, though threatened by the Eusebians with [[Deposition (politics)|deposition]] and [[banishment]], persisted in his refusal to admit Arius back into the Church, and shut himself up in the Church of [[Hagia Irene]] (which at that time was the [[cathedral]] of Constantinople) in fervent prayer that God would take him from this world rather than be forced to restore someone to communion who he feared was only feigning repentance. As it happened, Arius died on his way to the church, before he could be received back into communion. |
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==Death== |
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Alexander did not long survive Arius.<ref>Socrates Scholasticus, ''op. cit.'' ii. 6 ; Theodoret, ''op. cit.''i. 19</ref> On his deathbed he was said to have nominated his vicar, [[Paul I of Constantinople|Paul]] as his successor, and to have warned his clergy against [[Macedonius I of Constantinople|Macedonius]], who became bishop of Constantinople in 342 and whose teachings inspired [[Macedonianism]]. |
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After his death, Alexander came to be regarded as a saint of the Church. The service in his honor was printed in [[Venice]] in 1771. According to some ancient manuscripts, the feast of St Alexander was commemorated on June 2. Today, his [[feast day]] is celebrated annually on [[August 30]], in a common commemoration with his fellow Patriarchs of Constantinople [[John the Faster]] (582–595, also commemorated on September 2) and [[Paul the New]] (780-784). |
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==Footnotes== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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==Sources== |
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*{{Citation |
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| last =Wace |
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| first =Henry |
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| contribution =Alexander, of Byzantium |
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| year =1911 |
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| title =Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature |
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| publisher =John Murray (Reprint: Hendrickson Publishers, Inc., 1999) |
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| id =ISBN 1-56563-460-8 |
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| url = http://www.ccel.org/ccel/wace/biodict.html?term=Alexander,%20of%20Byzantium |
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| accessdate = 2007-08-10}} |
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*{{WaceBio}} |
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==External links== |
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*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=102420 St Alexander the Patriarch of Constantinople] Orthodox [[Icon]] and [[Synaxarion]] |
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<br> |
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{{start box}} |
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{{succession box|title=[[List of Constantinople patriarchs|Bishop of Byzantium]]|before=[[Saint Metrophanes]]|after=[[Paul I of Constantinople|Paul I]] |
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|years=314–337}} |
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{{end box}} |
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[[Category:3rd century births]] |
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[[Category:337 deaths]] |
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[[Category:Byzantine saints]] |
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[[Category:Greek saints]] |
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[[Category:Greek Roman Catholic saints]] |
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[[Category:Anatolian Roman Catholic saints]] |
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[[Category:4th century bishops]] |
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[[Category:Ancient Roman saints]] |
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{{saint-stub}} |
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[[de:Alexander von Konstantinopel]] |
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[[el:Επίσκοπος Νέας Ρώμης Αλέξανδρος]] |
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[[uk:Святий Олександр]] |
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