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[[image:Tizian 065.jpg|thumb|220px|[[Ippolito de' Medici]], cardinal-nephew of [[Pope Clement VII]] and illegitimate son of [[Giuliano di Lorenzo de' Medici]]]]
This is a '''list of [[cardinal-nephew]]s''', [[cardinal (Catholicism)|cardinals]] elevated by [[pope]]s who were their [[uncle]]s, or more generally, their relatives. The practice of creating cardinal-nephews originated in the [[Middle Ages]], and reached its apex during the 16th and 17th centuries.<ref name="bunson">Bunson, Matthew. 1995. "[http://media.isnet.org/kristen/Ensiklopedia/CardinalNephew.html Cardinal Nephew]." ''The Pope Encyclopedia''. Crown Trade Paperbacks. ISBN 0-517-88256-6.</ref> From the [[Avignon Papacy]] (1309&ndash;1377) until [[Pope Innocent XII]]'s anti-nepotism [[papal bull|bull]], ''[[Romanum decet pontificem]]'' (1692), nearly every pope who appointed cardinals appointed at least one relative to the [[College of Cardinals]],<ref>[[Pope Boniface IX]], the second pope of the [[Western Schism]], did not appoint cardinal-nephews but did adopt Cardinal [[Francesco Carbone Tomacelli]]. Until [[Pope Innocent XII]], the only other exceptions were popes who did not appoint cardinals ([[Pope Pius III]], [[Pope Marcellus II]], [[Pope Urban VII]], [[Pope Leo XI]]) and [[Pope Adrian VI]] (who appointed one cardinal).</ref> including every [[Renaissance]] pope.<ref name="vidmar"/>

Although the nephew was the most common relation to be elevated to the College, other ''creatures'' include (legitimate, illegitimate, or adopted) sons and grandsons, brothers, grand-nephews, cousins, and even uncles.<ref name="bunson">Bunson, Matthew. 1995. "[http://media.isnet.org/kristen/Ensiklopedia/CardinalNephew.html Cardinal Nephew]." ''The Pope Encyclopedia''. Crown Trade Paperbacks. ISBN 0-517-88256-6.</ref><ref name="vidmar">Vidmar, John. 2005. ''The Catholic Church Through The Ages: A History''. Paulist Press. ISBN 0809142341.</ref> Nineteen cardinal-nephews were later elected pope<ref>A twentieth, [[Vicedomino de Vicedominis]], was elected pope but died before the announcement of his election and is not counted toward papal numbering, having taken the name Gregory XI.</ref> ([[Pope John XIX|John XIX]], [[Pope Benedict IX|Benedict IX]], [[Pope Anastasius IV|Anastasius IV]], [[Pope Innocent III|Innocent III]], [[Pope Gregory IX|Gregory IX]], [[Pope Alexander IV|Alexander IV]], [[Pope Adrian V|Adrian V]], [[Pope Benedict XII|Benedict XII]], [[Pope Gregory XI|Gregory XI]], [[Pope Boniface IX|Boniface IX]], [[Pope Eugene IV|Eugene IV]], [[Pope Paul II|Paul II]], [[Pope Alexander VI|Alexander VI]], [[Pope Pius III|Pius III]], [[Pope Julius II|Julius II]], [[Pope Leo X|Leo X]], [[Pope Clement VII|Clement VII]], [[Pope Benedict XIII|Benedict XIII]], and [[Pope Pius VII|Pius VII]]) and two were [[canonized]] ([[Charles Borromeo]] and [[Anselm of Lucca]]).

Occupants of the [[Roman Curia|curial office]] of the [[cardinal-nephew#The Cardinal Nephew: 1566-1692|Cardinal Nephew]] are denoted with †. Similar ''creatures'' include [[List of cardinal-nephews#Pseudo-cardinal-nephews|cardinal-nephews of anti-popes]] and [[List of cardinal-nephews#Nephews of other popes|nephews of popes made cardinals by other popes]].

== 11th century ==
[[Image:B Benedikt VIII.jpg|thumb|right|[[Pope Benedict VIII]] elevated his cousin, brother, and nephew to the cardinalate.]]
[[Image:B Johannes XIX.jpg|thumb|right|[[Pope John XIX]], the first cardinal-nephew elected pope]]
[[Image:B Benedikt IX.jpg|thumb|right|[[Pope Benedict IX]], the second cardinal-nephew elected pope]]
;Of [[Pope Benedict VIII|Benedict VIII]] (1012-1024)
*Lotario (or Loctarius), seniore, elevated circa 1015 (cousin)<ref name="mxi"/>
*[[Pope John XIX|Giovanni]] (brother, future Pope John XIX)<ref name="mxi"/>
*[[Pope Benedict IX|Teofilatto]] (future Pope Benedict IX, nephew to both Benedict VIII and [[Pope John XIX|John XIX]])<ref name="mxi">Miranda, Salvator. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/consistories-xi.htm General list of Cardinals: XI Century (999-1099)]."</ref>
;Of [[Pope Alexander II|Alexander II]] (1061-1073)
*[[Anselm of Lucca|St. Anselm of Lucca]] (brother or nephew)<ref name="mxi"/>
;Of [[Pope Urban II|Urban II]] (1088-1099)
*Odon, elevated [[1088]]<ref name="mxi"/>

==12th century==
;Of [[Pope Callixtus II|Callixtus II]] (1119-1124)
*[[Etienne de Bar]], elevated [[1120]]<ref name="mxii"/>
;Of [[Pope Honorius II|Honorius II]] (1124-1130)
*[[Pope Anastasius IV|Corrado de Suburra]], elevated [[1127]] (future Pope Anastasius IV)<ref name="mxii"/>
;Of [[Pope Innocent II|Innocent II]] (1130-1143)
*[[Gregorio Papareschi (cardinal)|Gregorio Papareschi]], elevated [[1134]]<ref name="mxii"/>
*[[Pietro Papareschi]], elevated 1142 (brother)<ref name="mxii"/>
;Of [[Pope Lucius II|Lucius II]] (1144-1145)
*[[Ubaldo Caccianemici]], elevated June 1144 (cousin)<ref name="mxii"/>
;Of [[Pope Anastasius IV|Anastasius IV]] (1153-1154)
*[[Gregorio de Suburra]], elevated December [[1153]]<ref name="mxii"/>
;Of [[Pope Adrian IV|Adrian IV]] (1154-1159)
*[[Cardinal Boso|Boso]], elevated December [[1155]]<ref name="boso">{{ws|"[[s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Boso (Breakspear)|Boso (Breakspear)]]" in the 1913 ''Catholic Encyclopedia''}}</ref>
;Of [[Pope Lucius III|Lucius III]] (1181-1185)
*[[Uberto Allucingoli]], elevated [[1182]] (?)<ref name="mxii"/><ref>Some sources doubt his promotion to the cardinalate indicating that he's confused with Cardinal Uberto Crivelli, future [[Pope Urban III]] ([http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/titles-3.htm#Damaso Title of S. Lorenzo in Damaso (note 6)]</ref>
*[[Gerardo Allucingoli]] (or Gheraro), elevated 1182 (relative)<ref name="mxii"/>
;Of [[Pope Clement III|Clement III]] (1187-1191)
*[[Pope Innocent III|Lotario de' Conti]], elevated September 1190 (future Pope Innocent III)<ref>{{ws|"[[s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Pope Innocent III|Pope Innocent III]]" in the 1913 ''Catholic Encyclopedia''}}</ref>
*[[Niccolo (nephew of Clement III)|Niccolo]], elevated September 1190<ref>[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1190.htm Consistory of 1190]</ref>
;Of [[Pope Celestine III|Celestine III]] (1191-1198)
*[[Niccolò Boboni]], elevated [[1191]] (?) <ref name="mxii"/><ref>Some sources indicate that he was created by Clement III in 1190 (K. Eubel, ''Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevii'', 1913, vol. I, p. 3 note 1 no. 24). He may have been the same person that Niccolo, nephew of Clement III, since they both are referred as deacons of S. Maria in Cosmedin from 1191 until 1200</ref>
*[[Bobone di San Teodoro]] (Orsini), elevated [[February 20]], [[1193]]<ref>[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1193.htm#Bobone Consistory of 1193]</ref>
[[Image:Innozenz3.jpg|thumb|right|[[Pope Innocent III]] created an unprecedented four cardinal-nephews]]
;Of [[Pope Innocent III|Innocent III]] (1198-1216)
*[[Pope Gregory IX|Ugolino dei Conti di Segni]], elevated December 1198 (cousin, future Pope Gregory IX)<ref name="mxiii"/>
*[[Giovanni dei Conti di Segni]], elevated 1200 (cousin)<ref name="mxiii"/>
*[[Ottaviano dei Conti di Segni]], elevated 1205 (cousin)<ref name="mxiii"/>
*[[Stefano Normandis]] (Conti), elevated 1216 <ref>[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1216.htm#Normandis Stefano Normandis]</ref>

==13th century==
[[Image:B Alexander IV.jpg|thumb|right|[[Pope Alexander IV]], who was cardinal-nephew of [[Pope Gregory IX|Gregory IX]], who was cardinal-nephew of [[Pope Innocent III|Innocent III]], who was cardinal-nephew of [[Pope Clement III|Clement III]]]]
;[[Pope Honorius III]] (1216-1227)
*[[Bertrando Savelli]], elevated December [[1216]] or ca. [[1219]]<ref>First date is according to [http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1216-ii.htm Salvador Miranda: Consistory of December 1216]; the second is given by Konrad Eubel, Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi, Volumen II, p. IX. There are doubts concerning his familiar relations with Honorius III because some sources doubt that Honorius III was related to the Savelli family; S. Miranda does not mention relations between Bertrando and Honorius III [http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1193.htm#Cencio]). However, it is possible that family name Savelli was attributed to Bertrando just on that ground that he was nephew of Honorius III, who was (possibly erroneously) considered to be of Savelli family.</ref> (nephew)
;Of [[Pope Gregory IX|Gregory IX]] (1227-1241)
*[[Pope Alexander IV|Rinaldo Conti]], elevated [[September 18]], [[1227]] (future Pope Alexander IV)<ref name="w32">Williams, George L. 2004. ''Papal Genealogy: The Families and Descendants of the Popes''. McFarland & Company. ISBN 0786420715. p. 32.</ref><ref name="mxiii"/>
*[[Niccolo Conti di Segni]], elevated December [[1228]]<ref>[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1228.htm#Conti Consistory of December 1228]</ref>
*[[Riccardo Annibaldeschi di Molaria]], elevated [[1237]]<ref>[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1237.htm#Annibaldi S. Miranda: Consistory of 1237]</ref>
;Of [[Pope Innocent IV|Innocent IV]] (1243-1254)
*[[Guglielmo Fieschi]], elevated [[May 28]], [[1244]]<ref name="w32"/><ref name="mxiii"/>
*[[Pope Adrian V|Ottobono Fieschi]], elevated December [[1251]] (future Pope Adrian V)<ref name="mxiii"/><ref name="w32"/>
;Of [[Pope Urban IV|Urban IV]] (1261-1264)
*[[Anchero Pantaleone]], elevated [[May 22]], [[1262]]<ref name="mxiii"/>
;Of [[Pope Gregory X|Gregory X]] (1271-1276)
*[[Vicedomino de Vicedominis]], elevated [[June 3]], [[1273]] (future pope elect, died before proclamation)<ref name="mxiii"/><ref>Levillain, 2002, p. 657.</ref>
*[[Giovanni Visconti, Bishop of Sabina|Giovanni Visconti]], possibly elevated in [[1275]]<ref>[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1275.htm#Visconti S. Miranda: Consistory of 1275]. [[Konrad Eubel]], ''Hierarchia Catholica Medii Aevi'', Volumen I, p. 9 and 38 denies his promotion to the cardinalate.</ref>
;Of [[Pope Nicholas III|Nicholas III]] (1277-1280)
*[[Latino Malabranca Orsini]], elevated [[March 12]], [[1278]]<ref name="mxiii"/>
*[[Giordano Orsini]], elevated [[March 12]], [[1278]] (brother)<ref name="mxiii"/><ref name="w37">Williams, 2004, p. 37.</ref>
;Of [[Pope Honorius IV|Honorius IV]] (1285-1287)
*[[Giovanni Boccamazza]] (or Boccamiti), elevated [[December 22]], [[1285]] (relative)<ref name="mxiii"/>
;Of [[Pope Nicholas IV]] (1288-1292)
*[[Pietro Colonna (cardinal)|Pietro Colonna]], elevated [[May 16]], [[1288]] (relative)<ref>DeCormenin, Louis Marie, and de Lahaye, vicomte de Louis-Marie. 1857. ''[http://books.google.com/books/pdf/A_Complete_History_of_the_Popes_of_Rome_.pdf?id=aQMQAAAAIAAJ&output=pdf&sig=ACfU3U3LpPQmtgLfnaDRG3NhhQwx658FCg&source=gbs_summary_r&cad=0 A Complete History of the Popes of Rome]''. James L. Gihon. p. 25.</ref>
;Of [[Pope Boniface VIII|Boniface VIII]] (1294-1303)
*[[Benedetto II Caetani]], elevated between January 23 and May 13, 1295<ref name="mxiii"/><ref name="w38">Williams, 2004, p. 38.</ref>
*[[Giacomo Tomasi Caetani]] (Iacopo Tommasi), elevated [[December 17]], [[1295]]<ref name="mxiii"/><ref name="w38"/>
*[[Francesco Caetani]], elevated [[December 17]], [[1295]]<ref name="mxiii"/><ref name="w38"/>
*[[Leonardo Patrasso]], elevated [[March 2]], [[1300]] (uncle)<ref name="mxiii"/>

==14th century==
[[Image:Façade du Palais des Papes.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Avignon Papacy]] (1309&ndash;1377) produced an unprecedented number of cardinal-nephews.]]
[[Image:Papst klemens v.jpg|thumb|right|[[Pope Clement V]], the first [[Avignon Papacy|Avignon Pope]], created an unprecedent five cardinal-nephews on the same day.]]
;Of [[Pope Clement V|Clement V]] (1305-1314)
*[[Berenger Fredoli]], elevated [[December 15]], [[1305]] (nephew, son of [[Guillaume de Frédol]])<ref name="mxiv">Miranda, Salvador. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/consistories-xiv.htm XIV Century (1303-1404)]."</ref>
*[[Arnaud Frangier de Chanteloup]], elevated [[December 15]], [[1305]] (close relative, possible nephew)<ref name="mxiv"/>
*[[Arnaud de Pellegrue]], elevated [[December 15]], [[1305]] (relative, possible nephew)<ref name="mxiv"/>
*[[Raymond de Got]], elevated [[December 15]], [[1305]] (nephew, son of [[Arnaud Garcie de Got]])<ref name="mxiv"/>
*[[Guillaume Ruffat des Forges]], or [[Guillaume Arrufat]] elevated [[December 15]], [[1305]] (relative, possible nephew)<ref name="mxiv"/>
*[[Raymond Guillaume des Forges]], elevated [[December 19]], [[1310]] (nephew, son of [[Marquise de Got]])<ref name="mxiv"/>
*[[Bernard Jarre]] (or Garve), elevated [[December 19]], [[1310]] (relative)<ref name="mxiv"/>
*[[Arnaud d'Aux]], elevated [[December 23]], [[1312]] (relative)<ref>Miranda, Salvador. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1312.htm#Aux Consistory of December 23, 1312 (III)]".</ref>
*[[Berenguer Fredol]], elevated December 23, [[1312]] (grand-nephew)<ref name="mxiv"/>
;Of [[Pope John XXII|John XXII]] (1316-1334)
*[[Jacques de Via]], elevated December 17 (or 18), [[1316]] (nephew, son of [[Marie Duese]])<ref name="mxiv"/>
*[[Gauscelin Jean d'Euse]], elevated December 17 (or 18), [[1316]] (nephew, son of [[Marguerite Duese]])<ref name="mxiv"/>
*[[Bertrand du Pouget]], elevated December 17 (or 18), [[1316]] (relative, possible nephew)<ref name="mxiv"/>
*[[Arnaud de Via]], elevated [[June 20]], [[1317]] (nephew, son of Marie Duese)<ref name="mxiv"/>
*[[Raymond Le Roux]], elevated December 19 (or 20), [[1320]] (close relative, possible nephew)<ref name="mxiv"/>
*[[Pope Benedict XII|Jacques Fournier]], elevated [[December 18]], [[1327]] (unknown relative, future Pope Benedict XII)<ref>Miranda, Salvador. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1327.htm Consistory of December 18, 1327 (IV)]."; and G. Moroni ''Dizionario di erudizione storico-ecclesiastica da S. Pietro sino ai nostri giorni vol V'', p. 5</ref>
*[[Imbert Dupuis]], elevated [[December 18]], [[1327]] (relative, possible nephew)<ref name="mxiv"/>
;Of [[Pope Benedict XII|Benedict XII]] (1334-1342)
*[[Guillaume Court]], elevated [[December 18]], [[1338]] (relative, mother's side)<ref name="mxiv"/>
[[Image:Clemens VI.gif|thumb|right|[[Pope Clement VI]] created more cardinal-nephews than any other pontiff.]]
;Of [[Pope Clement VI|Clement VI]] (1342-1352)
*[[Aymeric de Chalus]], elevated [[September 20]], [[1342]] (cousin) <ref>Miranda, Salvador. [http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1342.htm#Chalus Consistory of September 20, 1342]</ref>
*[[Hugues Roger]], elevated [[September 20]], [[1342]] (brother)<ref name="mxiv"/><ref name="w42">Williams, 2004, p. 42.</ref>
*[[Adhémar Robert]], elevated [[September 20]], [[1342]] (cousin or nephew)<ref name="mxiv"/>
*[[Gérard Lagarde]] (or Domar), elevated [[September 20]], [[1342]] (cousin)<ref name="mxiv"/>
*[[Bernard de la Tour]], elevated [[September 20]], [[1342]] (nephew)<ref name="mxiv"/>
*[[Guillaume de la Jugée]] (Guillaume II Roger), elevated [[September 20]], [[1342]] (nephew, son of [[Guillaumette Rogier]])<ref name="mxiv"/><ref name="w42"/>
*[[Nicolas de Besse]], elevated [[May 19]], [[1344]] (nephew, son of [[Dauphine Roger]])<ref>Miranda, Salvador [http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1344.htm#Besse Consistory of May 19, 1344]</ref>
*[[Pope Gregory XI|Pierre-Roger de Beaufort]], elevated May 28 (or 29), [[1348]] (nephew, future Pope Gregory XI)<ref name="mxiv"/><ref>Biraben, Jean-Noël. Ed. Levillain, Philippe. 2002. "Plague." ''The Papacy: An Encyclopedia''. Routledge. ISBN 0415922283. p. 1222.</ref><ref name="w42"/>
*[[Raymond de Canillac]], elevated [[December 17]], [[1350]] (nephew)<ref name="mxiv"/>
*[[Guillaume d'Aigrefeuille, seniore]], elevated [[December 17]], [[1350]] (cousin)<ref>Miranda, Salvador. [http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1350.htm#Aigrefeuille Consistory of December 17, 1350]</ref>
*[[Pierre du Cros]], elevated [[December 17]], [[1350]] (nephew or cousin)<ref name="mxiv"/>
;Of [[Pope Innocent VI|Innocent VI]] (1352-1362)
*[[Andouin Aubert]], elevated [[February 15]], [[1353]] (nephew, son of [[Guy Aubert]])<ref name="mxiv"/>
*[[Pierre de Salvete Monteruc]], elevated [[December 23]], [[1356]] (nephew of mother's side)<ref name="mxiv"/>
*[[Etienne Aubert, iuniore]], elevated [[September 17]], [[1361]] (grand-nephew)<ref name="mxiv"/>
;Of [[Pope Urban V|Urban V]] (1362-1370)
*[[Ange de Grimoard]], elevated [[September 18]], [[1366]] (brother)<Ref name="mxiv"/>
*[[Pierre d'Estaing]], elevated [[June 7]], [[1370]] (relative) <ref>Miranda, Salvador [http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1370.htm#Estaing Salvador Miranda: Consistory of June 7, 1370]</ref>
;Of [[Pope Gregory XI|Gregory XI]] (1370-1378)
*[[Jean du Cros]], elevated [[May 30]], [[1371]] (nephew or cousin)<ref name="mxiv"/>
*[[Jean de La Tour]], elevated [[May 30]], [[1371]] (brother-in-law of niece)<ref>Miranda, Salvador [http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1371.htm#Latour Salvador Miranda: Consistory of May 30, 1371]</ref>
*[[Pierre de la Jugée]] (or Jugie), elevated [[December 20]], [[1375]] (cousin)<ref name="mxiv"/>
*[[Gui de Maillesec]], elevated [[December 20]], [[1375]] (nephew on mother's side)<ref>Miranda, Salvador. [http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1375.htm#Malsec Salvador Miranda: Consistory of December 20, 1375]</ref>
*[[Gérard du Puy]], elevated [[December 20]], [[1375]] (cousin or nephew)<ref name="mxiv"/>
;Of [[Pope Urban VI|Urban VI]] (1378-1389)
*[[Francesco Moricotti Prignani]], elevated [[September 18]], [[1378]] (nephew)<ref>Miranda, Salvador. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1378.htm#Moricotti Consistory of September 18, 1378]"</ref>
*[[Francesco Renzio]], elevated [[December 21]], [[1381]] (relative)<ref>Miranda, Salvador. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1381.htm#Renzio Consistory of December 21, 1381]"</ref>
*[[Pope Boniface IX|Pietro Tomacelli]] (future Pope Boniface IX), elevated [[December 21]], [[1381]] (relative) <ref>Miranda, Salvador. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1381.htm#Tomacelli Consistory of December 21, 1381]"</ref>
*[[Marino Bulcani]], elevated [[December 17]], [[1384]] (relative, nephew of cardinal Francesco Renzio)<ref>[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1384.htm#Bulcani Salvador Miranda: Consistory of December 17, 1384]</ref>
;Of [[Pope Boniface IX|Boniface IX]] (1378-1389)
*[[Francesco Carbone Tomacelli]] (probably adopted while already a cardinal, having been elevated by Urban VI on December 17, 1384, because he began to use a last name Carbone Tomacelli after Boniface's IX election. It seems that his mother married Pope's brother after the death of cardinal's father.)<ref>[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1384.htm#Carbone Salvador Miranda: Consistory of December 17, 1384]</ref>

==15th century==
[[Image:pietrobarbo.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Pope Paul II|Paul II]], cardinal-nephew of [[Pope Eugene IV|Eugene IV]], who was cardinal-nephew of [[Pope Gregory XII|Gregory XII]].]]
[[Image:PiusIIcardinalnephew.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Pope Pius II]] names his nephew [[Pope Pius III|Francesco Piccolomini]] cardinal]]
;Of [[Pope Innocent VII|Innocent VII]] (1404-1406)
*[[Giovanni Migliorati]], elevated [[June 12]], [[1405]] (nephew)<ref name="mxv">Miranda, Salvador. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/consistories-xv.htm XV Century (1404-1503)]."</ref>
;Of [[Pope Gregory XII|Gregory XII]] (1406-1415)
*[[Antonio Correr]], elevated [[May 9]], [[1408]] (nephew, son of [[Filippo Correr]])<ref name="mxv"/>
*[[Pope Eugene IV|Gabriele Condulmer]], elevated [[May 9]], [[1408]] (nephew, son of [[Beriola Correr]]; future Pope Eugene IV)<ref name="w47"/>
*[[Angelo Barbarigo]], elevated [[September 19]], [[1408]] (nephew, son of [[Caterina Correr]])<ref name="w47"/>
;Of [[Pope Martin V|Martin V]] (1417-1431)
*[[Prospero Cardinal Colonna|Prospero Colonna]], elevated [[May 24]], [[1426]] and published [[November 8]], [[1430]] (nephew, son of [[Lorenzo Onofrio Colonna]])<ref name="mxv"/>
;Of [[Pope Eugene IV|Eugene IV]] (1431-1447)
*[[Francesco Condulmer]], elevated [[September 19]], [[1431]] (nephew)<ref name="w47">Williams, 2004, p. 47.</ref>
*[[Pope Paul II|Pietro Barbo]], elevated [[July 1]], [[1440]] (nephew, son of [[Polissena Condulmer]]; future Pope Paul II)<ref name="w47"/>
;Of [[Pope Nicholas V|Nicholas V]] (1447-1455)
*[[Filippo Calandrini]], elevated [[December 20]], [[1448]] (half-brother)<ref name="mxv"/>
;Of [[Pope Callixtus III|Callixtus III]] (1455-1458)
*[[Luis Juan del Mila y Borja]], elevated [[February 20]], [[1456]] (<small>published [[September 17]], [[1456]]</small>)<ref name="mxv"/>
*[[Pope Alexander VI|Rodrigo Borja]], elevated [[February 20]], [[1456]] (<small>published [[September 17]], [[1456]]</small>, future Pope Alexander VI)<ref name="mxv"/>
;Of [[Pope Pius II|Pius II]] (1458-1464)
*[[Pope Pius III|Francesco Piccolomini]], elevated [[March 5]], [[1460]] (future Pope Pius III)<ref name="mxv"/>
*[[Niccolò Fortiguerra]], elevated [[March 5]], [[1460]] (relative on mother's side)<ref name="mxv"/>
*[[Jacopo Piccolomini-Ammannati|Giacomo Ammannati-Piccolomini]], elevated [[December 18]], [[1461]] (adopted)<ref name="mxv"/>
;Of [[Pope Paul II|Paul II]] (1464-1471)
*[[Marco Barbo]], elevated [[September 18]], [[1467]]<ref name="mxv"/>
*[[Giovanni Battista Zeno]], elevated [[November 21]], [[1468]]<ref name="mxv"/>
*[[Giovanni Michiel]], elevated [[November 21]], [[1468]]<ref name="mxv"/>
[[Image:Pedro Luis Borgia.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Cesare Borgia]] ''(far left)'' and [[Pedro Luis de Borja Lanzol de Romaní]] ''(center left)'', two of [[Pope Alexander VI]]'s ten cardinal-nephews, depicted with [[Niccolò Machiavelli]] ''(center right)'']]
;Of [[Pope Sixtus IV|Sixtus IV]] (1471-1484)
*[[Pietro Riario]], elevated [[December 16]], [[1471]]<ref name="mxv"/>
*[[Pope Julius II|Giuliano della Rovere]], elevated [[December 16]], [[1471]], (future Pope Julius II)<ref name="mxv"/>
*[[Girolamo Basso della Rovere]], elevated [[December 10]], [[1477]]<ref name="mxv"/>
*[[Raffaele Riario]], elevated [[December 10]], [[1477]]<ref name="mxv"/>
*[[Cristoforo della Rovere]], elevated [[December 10]], [[1477]]<ref name="mxv"/>
*[[Domenico della Rovere]], elevated [[February 10]], [[1478]]<ref name="mxv"/>
;Of [[Pope Innocent VIII|Innocent VIII]] (1484-1492)
*[[Lorenzo Cybo de Mari]], elevated [[March 9]], [[1489]]<ref name="mxv"/>
*[[Pope Leo X|Giovanni de' Medici]], elevated [[March 9]], [[1489]] (relative, future Pope Leo X)<ref>Williams, 2004, p. 71.</ref>
Two further nephews are listed some sources as being elevated [[March 9]], [[1489]], reserved ''[[in pectore]]'', and never published<ref name="thomson">Thomson, 1980, pp. 62-64.</ref>
*[[Pantaleone Cybo]]
*[[Niccolo Cybo]]
;Of [[Pope Alexander VI]] (1492-1503)
*[[Juan de Borja Lanzol de Romaní, el mayor]], elevated [[August 31]], [[1492]] (son of cousin)<ref name="mxv"/>
*[[Cesare Borgia]], elevated [[September 20]], [[1493]], resigned [[August 18]], [[1498]] (son)<ref name="h102">Hsia, Ronnie Po-chia. 2005. ''The World of Catholic Renewal, 1540-1770''. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521841542. p. 102.</ref>
*[[Giuliano Cesarini, iuniore]], elevated [[September 20]], [[1493]] (brother-in-law of daughter, [[Gerolama Borgia]])<ref>Miranda, Salvador. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1493.htm#Sangiorgio The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church: Biographical Dictionary: Pope Alexander VI (1492-1503): Consistory of September 20, 1493 (II)]."</ref>
*[[Juan de Borja Lanzol de Romaní, el menor]], elevated [[February 19]], [[1496]] (grand-nephew)<ref name="mxv"/>
*[[Amanieu d'Albret]], elevated [[March 20]], [[1500]] (brother-in-law of Cesare Borgia)<ref>Miranda, Salvador. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1500.htm#Hurtado The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church: Biographical Dictionary: Pope Alexander VI (1492-1503): Consistory of March 20, 1500 (VIII)]."</ref>
*[[Pedro Luis de Borja Lanzol de Romaní]], elevated [[March 20]], [[1500]] (grand-nephew)<ref name="mxv"/>
*[[Francisco de Borja (cardinal)|Francisco de Borja]], elevated [[September 28]], [[1500]] (disputed relationship)<ref name="m9281500">Miranda, Salvador. 1998 "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1500-ii.htm#Serra The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church: Biographical Dictionary: Pope Alexander VI (1492-1503): Consistory of September 28, 1500 (IX)]."</ref>
*[[Juan de Vera]], elevated [[September 28]], [[1500]] (relative)<ref name="m9281500"/>
*[[Juan Castellar y de Borja]], elevated [[May 31]], [[1503]] (cousin of Juan de Borja Lanzol de Romaní, el mayor) <ref>Miranda, Salvator. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1503.htm Consistory of May 31, 1503 (IX)]."</ref>
*[[Francisco Lloris y de Borja]], elevated [[May 31]], [[1503]] (grand-nephew)<ref>Miranda, Salvator. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1503.htm Consistory of May 31, 1503 (IX)]."</ref>

==16th century==
[[Image:Raffael 040.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Pope Leo X]] with his cousins [[Pope Clement VII|Giulio de' Medici]] (left, future Pope Clement VII) and Luigi de' Rossi (right), whom he appointed as cardinals]]
;Of [[Pope Julius II|Julius II]] (1503-1513)
*[[Clemente Grosso della Rovere]], [[November 29]], [[1503]]<ref name="mxvi">Miranda, Salvador. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/consistories-xvi.html XVI Century (1503-1605)]."</ref>
*[[Galeotto Franciotti della Rovere]], [[November 29]], [[1503]]<ref name="mxvi"/>
*[[Marco Vigerio della Rovere]], [[December 1]], [[1505]] (distant relative)<ref name="mxvi"/>
*[[Leonardo Grosso della Rovere]], [[December 1]], [[1505]] (cousin) <ref name="mxvi"/>
*[[Sisto Gara della Rovere]], [[September 11]], [[1507]]<ref name="mxvi"/>
;Of [[Pope Leo X]] (1513-1521)
*[[Pope Clement VII|Giulio de' Medici]], elevated [[September 23]], [[1513]] (cousin, future Pope Clement VII)<ref name="h102"/>
*[[Innocenzo Cybo]], elevated [[September 23]], [[1513]]<ref name="mxvi"/>
*[[Luigi de' Rossi]], elevated [[July 1]], [[1517]] (cousin)<ref name="m711517"/>
*[[Francesco Armellini Pantalassi de' Medici]], elevated [[July 1]], [[1517]] (adopted as son)<ref name="m711517"/>
*[[Franciotto Orsini]], elevated [[July 1]], [[1517]] (son of [[Orso Orsini di Monteredondo]])<ref name="m711517"/>
*[[Giovanni Salvati]], elevated [[July 1]], [[1517]] (son of [[Lucrezia de' Medici]])<ref name="m711517"/>
*[[Niccolò Ridolfi]], elevated [[July 1]], [[1517]] (son of [[Contessina de' Medici]])<ref name="m711517">Miranda, Salvador. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1517-ii.htm Consistory of July 1, 1517 (V)]".</ref>
[[Image:Tizian 068.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Pope Paul III]] with his cardinal-nephew [[Alessandro Cardinal Farnese]] (left) and his other grandson (right), [[Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma]]]]
[[Image:Tizian Portrait of Ranuccio Farnese.jpg|thumb|200px|right|[[Ranuccio Farnese (Cardinal)|Ranuccio Farnese]] was made cardinal by Paul III at the age of 15.]]
;Of [[Pope Clement VII|Clement VII]] (1523-1534)
*[[Niccolò Gaddi]], elevated [[May 3]], [[1527]] (related to Clement VII through [[Catherine de' Medici]])<ref>Miranda, Salvador. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1527.htm#Gaddi Consistory of May 3, 1527 (I)]".</ref>
*[[Ippolito de' Medici]], elevated [[January 10]], [[1529]] (illegitimate son of [[Giuliano di Lorenzo de' Medici]])<ref>Miranda, Salvador. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1529-ii.htm Consistory of January 10, 1529 (VI)]."</ref>
;Of [[Pope Paul III|Paul III]] (1534-1549)
*[[Alessandro Farnese (cardinal)|Alessandro Farnese]], elevated [[December 18]], [[1534]] (grandson)<ref name="h102"/><ref name="mxvi"/>
*[[Guido Ascanio Sforza di Santa Fiora]], elevated [[December 18]], [[1534]] (grandson)<ref name="mxvi"/>
*[[Niccolò Caetani]], elevated [[December 22]], [[1536]] (son of cousin, published [[March 13]], [[1538]])<ref name="mxvi"/>
*[[Tiberio Crispo]], elevated [[December 19]], [[1544]] (brother, on his mother's side, of pope's daughter [[Constanza Farnese]]; possibly natural son of Paul III)<ref>[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1544.htm#Crispo Salvador Miranda: Consistory of December 19, 1544]</ref>
*[[Ranuccio Farnese (cardinal)|Ranuccio Farnese]], elevated [[December 16]], [[1545]] (grandson)<ref name="mxvi"/>
*[[Giulio Feltre della Rovere]], elevated [[July 27]], [[1547]] (relative)<ref>Trollope, Thomas Adolphus. 1876. The Papal Conclaves, as They Were and as They are. Chapman and Hall. p. 51.</ref>
;Of [[Pope Julius III|Julius III]] (1550-1555)
*[[Innocenzo Ciocchi Del Monte]], elevated [[May 30]], [[1550]] (adopted)<ref name="mxvi"/>
*[[Cristoforo Guidalotti Ciocchi del Monte]], elevated [[November 20]], [[1551]] (cousin)<ref name="mxvi"/>
*[[Fulvio della Corgna]], elevated [[November 20]], [[1551]] (nephew on his mother's side)<ref>S. Miranda: [http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1551-ii.htm#Corgna Con sistory of 1551]</ref>
*[[Roberto de' Nobili]], elevated [[December 22]], [[1553]] (grand-nephew)<ref name="mxvi"/>
*[[Girolamo Simoncelli]], elevated [[December 22]], [[1553]] (grand-nephew)<ref name="mxvi"/>
;Of [[Pope Paul IV|Paul IV]] (1555-1559)
*[[Carlo Carafa]], elevated [[June 7]], [[1555]]<ref>Williams, 2004, p. 83.</ref>
*[[Diomede Carafa]], elevated [[December 20]], [[1555]] (relative)<ref name="mxvi"/>
*[[Alfonso Carafa]], elevated [[March 15]], [[1557]] (grand-nephew)<ref>Williams, 2004, p. 86.</ref>
[[Image:Carlo Borromeo.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Saint Charles Borromeo]], one of only two [[saint|canonized]] cardinal-nephews]]
;Of [[Pope Pius IV|Pius IV]] (1559-1565)
*[[Giovanni Antonio Serbelloni]], elevated [[January 31]], [[1560]] (cousin of Charles Borromeo)<ref>[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1560.htm#Serbelloni Salvador Miranda: Consistory of January 31, 1560]</ref>
*[[Charles Borromeo|St. Charles Borromeo]], elevated [[January 31]], [[1560]] (nephew)<ref>{{ws|"[[s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Pope Pius IV|Pope Pius IV]]" in the 1913 ''Catholic Encyclopedia''}}</ref><ref name="mxvi"/>
*[[Mark Sittich von Hohenems]] (or Marco Sittico d'Altemps<ref>{{ws|"[[s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Frascati|Frascati]]" in the 1913 ''Catholic Encyclopedia''}}</ref>), elevated [[February 26]], [[1561]] (nephew)<ref name="mxvi"/>
*[[Alfonso Gesualdo]], elevated [[February 26]], [[1561]] (brother-in-law of Charles Borromeo)<ref name="piusiv">Miranda, Salvator. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1561.htm#Seripando The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church: Biographical Dictionary: Pope Pius IV (1559-1565): Consistory of February 26, 1561 (II)]."</ref>
*[[Gianfrancesco Gàmbara]], elevated [[February 26]], [[1561]] (stepbrother of Charles Borromeo)<ref name="piusiv"/>
*[[Francesco Alciati]], elevated [[March 12]], [[1565]] (relative)<ref name="piusiv2"/>
*[[Guido Luca Ferrero]], elevated [[March 12]], [[1565]] (cousin of Charles Borromeo)<ref name="piusiv2">Miranda, Salvator. 1998. [http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1565.htm#Ferrero Consistory of March 12, 1565]."</ref>
*[[Gianfrancesco Commendone]], elevated [[March 12]], [[1565]] (relative)<ref name="piusiv2"/>
;Of [[Pope Pius V|Pius V]] (1566-1572)
*[[Michele Bonelli]]†, elevated [[March 6]], [[1566]] (grand-nephew)<ref>Lemaitre, Nicole. Ed. Levillain, Philippe. 2002. "Pius V." ''The Papacy: An Encyclopedia''. Routledge. ISBN 0415922283. p. 1178.</ref>
*[[Girolamo Rusticucci]], elevated [[May 17]], [[1570]] (relative)<ref>S. Miranda. [http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1570.htm#Rusticucci Girolamo Rusticucci]</ref>
;Of [[Pope Gregory XIII|Gregory XIII]] (1572-1585)
*[[Filippo Boncompagni]]†, elevated [[June 2]], [[1572]]<ref name="s142">Signorotto, Gianvittorio, and Visceglia, Maria Antonietta, 2002, p. 142.</ref>
*[[Filippo Guastavillani]], elevated [[July 5]], [[1574]]<ref name="mxvi"/>
*[[Francesco Sforza di Santa Fiora]], elevated [[December 12]], [[1583]] (relative through his sister Costanza, wife of pope's son)<ref>S. Miranda. [http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1583.htm#Sforza Consistory of 1583. Cardinal Francesco Sforza]</ref>
;Of [[Pope Sixtus V|Sixtus V]] (1585-1590)
*[[Alessandro Peretti di Montalto]]†, elevated [[March 13]], [[1585]]<ref>Signorotto, Gianvittorio, and Visceglia, Maria Antonietta, 2002, p. 92.</ref><ref name="mxvi"/>
;Of [[Pope Gregory XIV|Gregory XIV]] (1590-1591)
*[[Paolo Emilio Sfondrato]]†, elevated [[December 19]], [[1590]]<ref>Tizon-Germe, Anne-Cécile. Ed. Levillain, Philippe. 2002. "Gregory XIV." ''The Papacy: An Encyclopedia''. Routledge. ISBN 0415922283. p. 666.</ref>
*[[Flaminio Piatti]], elevated [[March 6]], [[1591]] (relative)<ref>Miranda, Salvador. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1591.htm#Piatti The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church: Biographical Dictionary: Pope Gregory XIV (1590-1591): Consistory of March 6, 1591 (II)]."</ref>
;Of [[Pope Innocent IX|Innocent IX]] (1591)
*[[Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti de Nuce]]†, elevated [[December 18]], [[1591]] (grand-nephew)<ref name="mxvi"/>
;Of [[Pope Clement VIII|Clement VIII]] (1592-1605)
*[[Pietro Aldobrandini]]†, elevated [[September 17]], [[1593]]<ref>Levillain, 1981, p. 1129.</ref><ref>Trollope, 1876, p. 52.</ref>
*[[Cinzio Passeri Aldobrandini]]†, elevated [[September 17]], [[1593]]<ref>Signorotto, Gianvittorio, and Visceglia, Maria Antonietta, 2002, p. 81.</ref>
*[[Silvestro Aldobrandini]], elevated [[September 17]], [[1603]] (grand-nephew)<ref name="mxvi"/>
*[[Giovanni Battista Deti]], elevated [[March 3]], [[1599]] (relative) <ref>Miranda, Salvador. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1599.htm#Deti Consistory of March 3, 1599]"</ref>
*[[Bonifazio Bevilacqua Aldobrandini]], elevated [[March 3]], [[1599]] (<small>adopted while already a cardinal on [[April 3]], [[1601]]</small>)<ref>Miranda, Salvador. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1599.htm#Bevilacqua Consistory of March 3, 1599]"</ref>

==17th century==
;Of [[Pope Paul V|Paul V]] (1605-1621)
*[[Scipone Borghese|Scipione Borghese Caffarelli]]†, elevated [[July 18]], [[1605]] (adopted)
*[[Giambattista Leni]], elevated [[November 24]], [[1608]] (distant relative) <ref>Miranda, Salvador. [http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1608.htm#Leni Consistory of November 24, 1608]</ref>
*[[Tiberio Muti]], elevated [[December 2]], [[1615]]<ref>[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1615.htm#Muti S. Miranda: consistory of December 2, 1615 - cardinal Tiberio Muti]</ref>
[[Image:Tomb Gregorius XV Sant Ignazio.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The tomb of [[Pope Gregory XV]] and his cardinal-nephew [[Ludovico Ludovisi]]]]
;Of [[Pope Gregory XV|Gregory XV]] (1621-1623)
*[[Ludovico Ludovisi]]†, elevated [[February 15]], [[1621]]<ref name="mxvii">Miranda, Salvator. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/consistories-xvii.htm XVII Century (1605-1700)]."</ref>
*[[Francesco Boncompagni]], elevated [[April 19]], [[1621]]<ref name="mxvii"/>
*[[Marcantonio Gozzadini]], elevated [[July 21]], [[1621]] (cousin)<ref name="mxvii"/>
;Of [[Pope Urban VIII|Urban VIII]] (1623-1644)
*[[Francesco Barberini (seniore)|Francesco Barberini]]†, elevated [[October 2]], [[1623]]<ref name="mxvii"/>
*[[Lorenzo Magalotti]], elevated [[October 7]], [[1624]] (brother in law)<ref name="mxvii"/>
*[[Antonio Barberini, seniore]], elevated [[October 7]], [[1624]] (brother)<ref name="mxvii"/>
*[[Antonio Barberini, iuniore]], elevated [[August 30]], [[1627]]<ref name="mxvii"/>
;Of [[Pope Innocent X|Innocent X]] (1644-1655)
*[[Camillo Francesco Maria Pamphilj]]†, elevated [[November 14]], [[1644]], resigned [[January 21]], [[1647]] (son of Innocent X's sister-in-law [[Olimpia Maidalchini]])<ref name="mxvii"/>
*[[Francesco Maidalchini]]†, elevated [[October 7]], [[1647]] (nephew of Olimpia Maidalchini)
*[[Camillo Astalli]]† elevated [[September 19]], [[1650]] (cousin of Olimpia Maidalchini; deprived of the title of ''nipote'' in [[1653]]) <ref>Miranda, Salvador. 1998. [http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1650.htm#Astalli Consistory of September 19, 1650]</ref>
*[[Carlo Gualterio]], elevated [[March 2]], [[1654]] (relative)
;Of [[Pope Alexander VII|Alexander VII]] (1655-1667)
*[[Flavio Chigi, seniore]]†, elevated [[April 9]], [[1657]]<ref name="mxvii"/>
*[[Antonio Bichi]], elevated [[April 9]], [[1657]]<ref>Levillain, 2002, p. 467.</ref>
;Of [[Pope Clement IX|Clement IX]] (1667-1669)
*[[Giacomo Rospigliosi]]†, elevated [[December 12]], [[1667]]<ref name="mxvii"/>
;Of [[Pope Clement X|Clement X]] (1670-1676)
*[[Paluzzo Paluzzi Altieri degli Albertoni]]† (<small>adopted while already a cardinal, having been elevated by [[Pope Alexander VII|Alexander VII]] on [[January 24]], [[1664]]</small>)<ref>Signorotto, Gianvittorio, and Visceglia, Maria Antonietta, 2002, p. 153.</ref><ref>Williams, 2004, p. 119.</ref><ref name="l468">Levillain, 2002, p. 468.</ref>
*[[Pope Benedict XIII|Vincenzo Maria Orsini]], elevated [[February 22]], [[1672]] (relative, future [[Pope Benedict XIII]])<ref>S. Miranda: [http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1672.htm#Orsini Cardinal V.M. Orsini (Benedict XIII)]</ref>
;Of [[Pope Innocent XI|Innocent XI]] (1676-1689)
*[[Carlo Stefano Anastasio Ciceri]], elevated [[September 2]], [[1686]] (distant relative)<ref>Miranda, Salvador. 1998 [http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1686.htm#Ciceri Consistory of September 2, 1686]</ref>
<!--Pope Innocent XI strongly opposed nepotism and did not appoint a Cardinal-Nephew. Carlo Stefano Anastasio Ciceri remained [[bishop of Como]] and did not play any significant role in the ecclesiestical government. -->
;Of [[Pope Alexander VIII|Alexander VIII]] (1689-1691)
*[[Pietro Ottoboni (cardinal)|Pietro Ottoboni]]† (grandnephew), elevated [[November 7]], [[1689]]<ref name="standen">Standen, Edith A. 1981. "Tapestries for a Cardinal-Nephew: A Roman Set Illustrating Tasso's "Gerusalemme Liberata." ''Metropolitan Museum Journal''. '''16''': 147-164.</ref>
* [[Giambattista Cardinal Rubini|Giambattista Rubini]], elevated [[February 13]], [[1690]]<ref name="mxvii"/>

== 18th century ==
[[Image:branschi-onesti.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Romualdo Braschi-Onesti]]]]
;Of [[Pope Clement XI|Clement XI]] (1700-1721)
*[[Annibale Albani]], elevated [[December 23]], [[1711]]<ref>Miranda, Salvator. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1711.htm Consistory of December 23, 1711 (VI)]."</ref>
*[[Fabio Olivieri]], elevated [[May 6]], [[1715]]<ref>Miranda, Salvador [http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1715.htm#Olivieri Consistory of May 6, 1715](cousin)</ref>
;Of [[Pope Innocent XIII|Innocent XIII]] (1721-1724)
*[[Bernardo Maria Conti]], elevated [[June 16]], [[1721]] (brother)<ref>Miranda, Salvator. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1721.htm Consistory of June 16, 1721 (I)]."</ref>
;Of [[Pope Clement XII|Clement XII]] (1730-1740)
*[[Neri Maria Corsini]], elevated [[August 14]], [[1730]]<ref name="xviii">Miranda, Salvator. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/consistories-xviii.htm XVIII Century (1700-1799)]."</ref>
*[[Giovanni Antonio Guadagni]], elevated September 24, [[1731]] <ref>[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1731.htm#Guadagni Salvador Miranda: Consistory of September 24, 1731]</ref>
;Of [[Pope Clement XIII|Clement XIII]] (1758-1769)
*[[Carlo Cardinal Rezzonico|Carlo Rezzonico]], elevated [[September 11]], [[1758]]<ref>Levillain, 1981, p. 1179.</ref>
;Of [[Pope Pius VI|Pius VI]] (1775-1799)
*[[Giovanni Carlo Bandi]], elevated [[May 29]], [[1775]] (uncle)<ref name="xviii"/>
*[[Pope Pius VII|Barnaba Chiaramonti]], elevated [[February 14]], [[1785]] (relative on his mother's side, future [[Pope Pius VII]]<ref>Kazimierz Dopierała, ''Księga papieży'', Pallotinum, Poznań 1996, p. 373-374; [http://www.damian-hungs.de/Papst%20Pius%20VII..html Damian Hungs: Papst Pius VII]</ref>
*[[Romualdo Braschi-Onesti]], elevated [[December 18]], [[1786]]<ref>Levillain, 1981, p. 1184.</ref>

==19th century==
;Of [[Pope Leo XIII|Leo XIII]] (1878-1903)
* [[Giuseppe Pecci]], elevated [[May 12]], [[1879]] (brother) <ref>Miranda, Salvador. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1879.htm#Pecci Consistory of May 12, 1879]"</ref>

==Similar ''creatures''==
=== Pseudo-cardinal-nephews ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
! width="10%" | Quasi-cardinal
! width="11%" | Nephew of
! width="10%" | Elevated
! width="*" | Notes
|- valign="top"
|[[Giacomo Alberti]]
|[[Antipope Nicholas V]]
|[[May 15]], [[1328]]
|[[Excommunicated]] by [[Pope John XXII]].<ref name="mxiv"/>
|-
|[[Amedeo Saluzzo]]
|[[Antipope Clement VII]]
|[[December 23]], [[1383]]
|Abandoned [[Avignon Pope Benedict XIII]] after having been deposed by him on [[October 21]], [[1408]]; participated in the [[Council of Pisa]], the election of [[Pope Alexander V]] (now regarded as an antipope), the [[Council of Constance]], and the conclave of [[Pope Martin V]].<ref name="mxiv"/>
|-
|[[Tommaso Brancaccio]]
|[[Antipope John XXIII]]
|[[June 6]], [[1411]]
|Attended the [[Council of Constance]], and the conclave of [[Pope Martin V]].<ref>Miranda, Salvator. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1411.htm#Lando The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church: Biographical Dictionary: [Antipope] John XXIII (1410-1415): Consistory of June 6, 1411 (I)]."</ref>
|-
|[[Gil Sánchez Muñoz]]
|[[Antipope Clement VIII]]
|[[July 26]], [[1429]]
|Submitted to [[Pope Martin V]] after his uncle abdicated.<ref name="mxv"/>
|}

===Nephews of other popes===

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%"
! width="*" | Cardinal
! width="*" | "Nephew" of
! width="*" | Elevator
! width="*" | Elevated
! width="*" | Notes
|- valign="top"
|[[Giovanni Aniceo]] (relative)
|[[Pope Gregory I|Gregory I]]
|[[Pope Pelagius II|Pelagius II]]
|circa 580
|
|- valign="top"
|[[Pope Paul I]] (brother)<ref name="mviii">Miranda, Salvator. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/consistories-viii.htm VIII Century (701-795)]."</ref>
|[[Pope Stephen II|Stephen II]]
|[[Pope Zachary]]
|Before 750
|Future Pope Paul I
|- valign="top"
|[[Romano Marin]]<ref>Miranda, Salvator. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/consistories-ix.htm IX Century (795-900)]."</ref>
|[[Pope Marinus I]]
|[[Pope Nicholas I]]
|cira [[867]]
|
|- valign="top"
|Cristoforo (relative)<ref name="mx">Miranda, Salvator. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/consistories-x.htm X Century (900-999)]."</ref>
|[[Pope Leo V|Leo V]]
|[[Pope Sergius III|Sergius III]]
|circa 904-911
|
|- valign="top"
|[[Pope Leo VII|Leone]] (brother)<ref name="mx"/>
|[[Pope Leo VI]]
|[[Pope John XI]]
|circa 931-936
|Future Pope Leo VII
|- valign="top"
|Giovanni<ref name="mxi"/>
|[[Pope Benedict IX]]
|[[Pope Gregory VI]]
|[[1045]]
|
|- valign="top"
|[[Cinzio Papareschi]]<ref name="mxii">Miranda, Salvator. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/consistories-xii.htm XII Century (1099-1198)]."</ref>
|[[Pope Innocent II]]
|[[Pope Adrian IV]]
|February [[1158]]
|
|- valign="top"
|[[Ottaviano di Paoli]] (or Conti) (relative)<ref name="mxii"/>
|[[Pope Innocent III|Innocent III]]
|[[Pope Lucius III|Lucius III]]
|1182
|
|- valign="top"
|[[Pietro de Morra]] (relative)<ref name="mxiii"/>
|[[Pope Gregory VIII|Gregory VIII]]
|[[Pope Innocent III|Innocent III]]
|1205
|
|- valign="top"|
|[[Tommaso da Capua|Tommaso del Vescovo]]<ref>[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1261.htm#Savelli The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church - Biographical Dictionary - Consistory of December 17, 1261<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
|[[Pope Honorius IV]]
|[[Pope Innocent III]]
|[[1216]]
|
|- valign="top"
|[[Pope Celestine IV|Goffredo da Castiglione]]<ref name="mxiii"/>
|[[Pope Urban III]]
|[[Pope Gregory IX]]
|[[September 18]], [[1227]]
|future Pope Celestine IV
|- valign="top"|
|[[Goffredo Cardinal Castiglioni|Goffredo Castiglioni]] (relative)<ref name="mxiii"/>
|[[Pope Celestine IV|Celestine IV]]
|[[Pope Innocent IV|Innocent IV]]
|[[May 28]], [[1244]]
|Celestine IV did not create cardinals
|- valign="top"
|[[Matteo Orsini Rosso]]<ref name="mxiii"/><ref name="w37"/>
|[[Pope Nicholas III]]
|[[Pope Urban IV]]
|[[May 22]], [[1262]]
|Not to be confused with Senator [[Matteo Rosso Orsini]]
|- valign="top"
|[[Napoleone Orsini Frangipani]]<ref name="mxiii"/>
|[[Pope Nicholas III]]
|[[Pope Nicholas IV]]
|[[May 16]], [[1288]]
|
|- valign="top"
|[[Francesco Napoleone Orsini]]<ref name="mxiii"/>
|[[Pope Nicholas III]]
|[[Pope Boniface VIII]]
|[[December 12]], [[1295]]
|
|- valign="top"
|[[Luc Fieschi]]<ref name="mxiii">Miranda, Salvator. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/consistories-xiii.htm XIII Century (1198-1303)]."</ref>
|[[Pope Adrian V]]
|[[Pope Boniface VIII]]
|[[March 2]], [[1300]]
|
|- valign="top"
|[[Gaillard de la Mothe]]<ref name="mxiv"/>
|[[Pope Clement V]]
|[[Pope John XXII]]
|December 17 (or 18), [[1316]]
|
|- valign="top"
|[[Jean de Carmin]]<ref name="mxiv"/>
|[[Pope John XXII]]
|[[Pope Clement VI]]
|[[December 17]], [[1350]]
|
|- valign="top"
|[[Gilles Aycelin de Montaigu]]<ref name="mxiv"/>
|[[Pope Clement VI]]
|[[Pope Innocent VI]]
|[[September 17]], [[1361]]
|
|- valign="top"
|[[Guillaume d'Aigrefeuille]]<ref name="mxiv"/>
|[[Pope Clement VI]]
|[[Pope Urban V]]
|[[May 12]], [[1367]]
|
|- valign="top"
|[[Antipope John XXIII|Baldassare Cossa]] (distant relative)<ref>[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1419.htm#Cossa Consistory of February 27, 1402]</ref>
|[[Pope Boniface IV|Boniface IV]]
|[[Pope Boniface IX|Boniface IX]]
|[[February 27]], [[1402]]
|Future Antipope John XXIII
|- valign="top"
|[[Giovanni Domenico de Cupis]]<ref>Miranda, Salvator. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1517-ii.htm Consistory of July 1, 1517]."</ref>
|[[Pope Julius II]]
|[[Pope Leo X]]
|[[July 1]], [[1517]]
|the son of the mother of Julius II's illegitimate daughter, [[Felice della Rovere]]
|- valign="top"
|[[Agostino Spinola]] (grand-nephew)<ref>Miranda, Salvator. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1527.htm Consistory of May 3, 1527 (I)]."</ref>
|[[Pope Sixtus IV]]
|[[Pope Clement VII]]
|[[May 3]], [[1527]]
|
|- valign="top"
|[[Alessandro Sforza]]<ref name="mxvi"/>
|[[Pope Paul III]]
|[[Pope Pius IV]]
|[[March 12]], [[1565]]
|
|- valign="top"
|[[Giovanni Aldobrandini]] (brother) <ref>Salvator Miranda "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1570.htm#Aldobrandini Consistory of May 17, 1570]."</ref>
|[[Pope Clement VIII]]
|[[Pope Pius V]]
|[[May 17]], [[1570]]
|
|- valign="top"
|[[Roberto Ubaldini]]<ref>Mirandas, Salvator. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1615.htm#Ubaldini Consistory of December 2, 1615 (VI)]."</ref>
|[[Pope Leo XI]]
|[[Pope Paul V]]
|[[December 2]], [[1615]]
|
|- valign="top"
|[[Ippolito Aldobrandini (cardinal)|Ippolito Aldobrandini]] (grand-nephew) <ref>Salvator, Miranda. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1621-ii.htm Consistory of April 19, 1621 (I)]."</ref>
|[[Pope Clement VIII]]
|[[Pope Gregory XV]]
|[[April 19]], [[1621]]
|
|- valign="top"
|[[Carlo Barberini]] <ref name="bios2">Salvator, Miranda. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1653.htm Consistory of June 23, 1653 (I)]."</ref>
|[[Pope Urban VIII]]
|[[Pope Innocent X]]
|[[June 23]], [[1653]]
|
|- valign="top"
|[[Felice Rospigliosi]] <ref name="bios3">Salvator, Miranda. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1673.htm Consistory of January 16, 1673 (I)]."</ref>
|[[Pope Clement IX]]
|[[Pope Clement X]]
|[[January 16]], [[1673]]
|
|- valign="top"
|[[Benedetto Pamphilij]] (grand-nephew)<ref name="bios4">Salvator, Miranda. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1681.htm Consistory of September 1, 1681 (I)]."</ref>
|[[Pope Innocent X]]
|[[Pope Innocent XI]]
|[[September 1]], [[1681]]
|
|- valign="top"
|[[Francesco Pignatelli]] <ref>Miranda, Salvator. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1703.htm Consistory of December 17, 1703 (I)]."</ref>
|[[Pope Innocent XII]]
|[[Pope Clement XI]]
|[[December 17]], [[1703]]
|
|- valign="top"
|[[Alessandro Albani]] (cousin)<ref>Miranda, Salvator. 1998. "[http://www.fiu.edu/~mirandas/bios1721-ii.htm Consistory of July 16, 1721 (I)]."</ref>
|[[Pope Clement XI]]
|[[Pope Innocent XIII]]
|[[July 16]], [[1721]]
|
|- valign="top"
|[[Domenico Orsini d'Aragona]]<ref name="xviii"/>
|[[Pope Benedict XIII]]
|[[Pope Benedict XIV]]
|[[September 9]], [[1743]]
|
|- valign="top"
|[[Andrea Cardinal Corsini|Andrea Corsini]] (grand-nephew)<ref name="xviii"/>
|[[Pope Clement XII]]
|[[Pope Clement XIII]]
|[[September 24]], [[1759]]
|
|- valign="top"
|[[Gabriel della Genga Sermattei]]
|[[Pope Leo XII]]
|[[Pope Gregory XVI]]
|[[February 1]], [[1836]]
|
|}

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

==References==
*Thomson, John A.F. 1980. ''Popes and Princes, 1417-1517: Politics and Polity in the Late Medieval Church''. Boston: George Allen & Unwin. ISBN: 0-04-901027-1.
*Williams, George L. 2004. ''Papal Genealogy: The Families and Descendants of the Popes''. McFarland. ISBN:0786420715.

[[Category:Cardinal-nephews|*]]
[[Category:Lists of cardinals|Cardinal-nephews]]
[[Category:Lists of Roman Catholics|Cardinal]]

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