Chevrotain and Surreal: Difference between pages

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-{{Cleanup|date=June 2008}}
-:''"Kancil" redirects here. For the car, see [[Perodua Kancil]]
-:''Not to be confused with [[Kanchil]] (Lesser Mouse Deer)''
-:''Not to be confused with [[Deer mice|deer mouse]] (Peromyscus)''
-{{Taxobox
-| name = Chevrotains
-| fossil_range = {{Fossil range|Early Miocene|Recent}}
-| image = Tragulus_napu.jpg
-| image_width = 250px
-| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
-| phylum = [[Chordata]]
-| classis = [[Mammal]]ia
-| ordo = [[Artiodactyla]]
-| familia = '''Tragulidae'''
-| familia_authority = [[Henri Milne-Edwards|Milne-Edwards]], 1864
-| subdivision_ranks = [[Genus|Genera]]
-| subdivision =
-*''[[Hyemoschus]]''
-*''[[Moschiola]]''
-*''[[Tragulus]]''
-}}
-The nine species of '''chevrotain''', also known as '''mouse deer''', make up the [[family (biology)|family]] '''Tragulidae'''. Chevrotains are small, secretive creatures, now found only in the tropical forests of [[Africa]], [[India]], [[Sri Lanka]], and [[South-east Asia]]. They are the only living members of the infraorder [[Tragulina]].
-In [[Malay (ethnic group)|Malay]] folklore, the mouse deer plays the same role as the wily [[fox]] of European fables. The Malaysian-made [[Perodua Kancil]] car is named after the chevrotain, as it is a very small vehicle. The [[Telugu language|Telugu]] name for the animal is "Jarini Pandi", which literally means "a deer and a mouse". The word 'chevrotain' itself is [[French language|French]], and can be translated as 'little goat'.
-==Biology==
-The family was widespread and successful from the [[Oligocene]] (34 million years ago) to the [[Miocene]] (about 5 million years ago), but has remained almost unchanged over that time and remains as an example of primitive [[ruminant]] form. Chevrotains have a four-chambered stomach to ferment tough plant foods, but the [[omasum|third chamber]] is poorly developed. Like other ruminants, they lack upper incisors, and give birth to only a single young, rather than having pig-like litters. The [[dentition|dental formula]] of chevrotains is the same as that of some smaller deer:{{dentition2|0.1.3.3|3.1.3.3}}
-In other respects, however, the chevrotains have primitive features, closer to non-ruminants such as pigs. They do not have horns or antlers, but both sexes possess enlarged upper [[canine tooth|canine]]s [http://www.ultimateungulate.com/Artiodactyla/Hyemoschus_aquaticus.html]. The male's are prominent and sharp, projecting either side of the lower jaw. Chevrotains have short, thin legs which leave them lacking in agility but also helps to maintain a smaller profile which aids in running through the dense foliage of their environment. Other pig-like features include the presence of four toes on each foot, the absence of facial scent glands, [[premolar]]s with sharp crowns, and the form of their sexual behaviour and copulation.<ref name=EoM>{{cite book |editor=Macdonald, D.|author= Dubost, G.|year=1984 |title= The Encyclopedia of Mammals|publisher= Facts on File|location=New York|pages= 516-517|isbn= 0-87196-871-1}}</ref>
-The largest member of the family is the [[Water Chevrotain]] of Africa, at about 80 cm in length and roughly 10 kilograms. It is regarded as the most pig-like and primitive of the four. The remaining three all prefer rocky forest habitats. The [[Lesser Mouse Deer]] of South-east Asia is the smallest of all [[ungulate]]s, at a mature size as little as around 45 cm (18 inches) and 2 kg (4.4 lb).
-Chevrotains are solitary animals, and usually interact only to mate. The young are [[weaning|weaned]] at three months of age, and reach sexual maturity at between five and ten months, depending on species. Parental care is relatively limited. Although they lack the types of [[scent glands]] found in most other ruminants, they do possess a chin gland for marking each other as mates or antagonists, and, in the case of the water chevrotain, anal and preputial glands for marking territory. Their territories are relatively small, on the order of 13-24 hectares, but neighbors generally ignore each other, rather than competing aggressively.<ref name=EoM/>
-All four species depend for their survival on the retention of their fast-dwindling forest habitat and restriction of the bush meat trade.
-==Classification==
-* '''SUBORDER [[Ruminantia|RUMINANTIA]]'''
-** '''Family Tragulidae'''
-*** Genus ''[[Hyemoschus]]''
-**** [[Water Chevrotain]], ''Hyemoschus aquaticus''
-*** Genus ''[[Moschiola]]''
-**** [[Indian Spotted Chevrotain]], ''Moschiola meminna''
-**** ''[[Moschiola kathygre]]'' (recently described species)
-*** Genus ''[[Tragulus]]''
-**** [[Java Mouse-deer]], ''Tragulus javanicus''
-**** [[Lesser Mouse-deer]] or Kanchil, ''Tragulus kanchil''
-**** [[Greater Mouse-deer]], ''Tragulus napu''
-**** [[Philippine Mouse-deer]], ''Tragulus nigricans''
-**** [[Vietnam Mouse-deer]], ''Tragulus versicolor''
-**** [[Williamson's Mouse-deer]], ''Tragulus williamsoni''
-** Family [[Moschidae]]: musk deer
-** Family [[Cervidae]]: deer
-** Family [[Giraffidae]]: Giraffe and Okapi
-** Family [[Antilocapridae]]: Pronghorn
-** Family [[Bovidae]]: cattle, goats, sheep, and antelope
-==Ancient Chevrotains==
-[[Image:Dorcatherium.jpg|thumb|Painting of ''Dorcatherium''.]]
-*[[Dorcatherium]]
-*[[Dorcabune]]
-*[[Siamotragulus]]
-*[[Yunnanotherium]]
-The ''[[Hypertragulidae]]'' were closely related to the ''Tragulidae'':
-*[[Hypertragulus]]
-==References==
-{{reflist}}
-==Gallery==
-<gallery>
-Image:MouseDeer2.jpg|Chevrotain
-Image:Javan Chevrotain (Harvard University).JPG|Javan Chevrotain
-</gallery>
-{{Artiodactyla|R.}}
-[[Category:Tragulidae| ]]
-[[Category:Even-toed ungulates]]
-[[Category:Fauna of Southeast Asia]]
-[[Category:Mammals of Africa]]
-[[Category:Mammals of Asia]]
-[[bg:Еленчета]]
-[[ca:Tragúlid]]
-[[de:Hirschferkel]]
-[[es:Tragulidae]]
-[[eo:Tragoledoj]]
-[[fa:موش‌آهو]]
-[[fr:Tragulidae]]
-[[it:Tragulidae]]
-[[he:איילוניים]]
-[[ka:ირმულასებრნი]]
-[[lt:Elniukiniai]]
-[[hu:Kancsilfélék]]
-[[ml:കൂരമാന്‍]]
-[[mr:पिसोरी]]
-[[nl:Dwergherten]]
-[[no:Dvergmoskusdyr]]
-[[pl:Kanczyle]]
-[[pt:Trágulo]]
-[[ru:Оленьковые]]
-[[fi:Kääpiökauriit]]
-[[sv:Mushjortar]]
-[[th:กระจงเล็ก]]
-[[vi:Họ Cheo cheo]]
-[[zh-yue:鼷鹿科]]
-[[zh:鼷鹿科]]