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{{WikiProject Heraldry and vexillology |class=start}}
{{otheruses}}
{{WikiProject Alabama|class=Start}}
[[Image:William-Adolphe Bouguereau (1825-1905) - Lullaby (1875).jpg|right|thumb|Lullaby by [[William-Adolphe Bouguereau]]]]
==South Carolina==
A '''lullaby''' is a soothing [[song]], usually sung to [[child]]ren before they go to sleep. They originated in England in the late 1300s. The idea is that the song sung by a familiar and beautiful voice will lull the child to sleep. Lullabies written by established [[European classical music|classical]] composers are often given the form-name '''''berceuse''''', which is [[French language|French]] for lullaby, or [[cradle]] song.
[[Image:Flag of South Carolina.svg|thumb|Flag of South Carolina]][[Image:Bonnieblue.png|thumb|Bonnie Blue Flag]][[Image:FortMoultrieFlag.jpg|thumb|Fort Moultrie Flag]]
shouldn't someone mention the flag's link to South Carolina? i may be misinformed, but i do know that although the song and the fame that followed it began when Mississippi seceded from the Union, the flag and the symbolism itself was heavily tied to the state of South Carolina.


the Bonnie Blue Flag itself bears the same color as the state flag of SC, which was the same color all the way back to pre-1776. originally, the SC flag bore the crecent symbol and the word "LIBERTY" underneath it. when SC became the first state to secede from the union, the Bonnie Blue was the most popular symbol of secession, because the star represented the independant state of SC. officially, the lone palmetto was added to the flag to signify this.
The most famous berceuse of all is [[Johannes Brahms]]' ''lied'' ''Wiegenlied'' (cradle song), called ''[[Brahms' Lullaby]]'' in English. Brahms wrote his "[[Brahms' Lullaby|Wiegenlied]]" for a Bertha Faber, on the occasion of the birth of her second son. The English lyrics are similar to the original German.


Typically a berceuse is in [[triple meter]], or in a compound meter such as 6/8. Tonally most berceuses are simple, often merely alternating [[Tonic (music)|tonic]] and [[Dominant (music)|dominant]] harmonies: since the intended effect is to put someone to sleep, wild chromaticism would be somewhat out of character. Another characteristic of the berceuse--for no reason other than convention{{Fact|date=November 2007}}--is a tendency to stay on the "flat side" --for example the berceuses by [[Frédéric Chopin|Chopin]], [[Franz Liszt|Liszt]] and [[Mily Balakirev|Balakirev]] are all in D♭.


[[Frédéric Chopin]]'s ''[[Berceuse (Chopin)|Opus 57]]'' is a berceuse for solo piano. Other famous examples of the genre include [[Maurice Ravel]]'s ''Berceuse sur le nom de Gabriel Fauré'' for violin and piano; the ''Berceuse élégiaque'' by [[Ferruccio Busoni]]; the ''Berceuse'' from the [[opera]] ''[[Jocelyn (opera)|Jocelyn]]'' by [[Benjamin Godard]]; the ''Berceuse'' by [[Igor Stravinsky]] which is featured in the ''[[The Firebird|Firebird]]'' ballet, and ''Lullaby for String Quartet'' by [[George Gershwin]]. The English composer [[Nicholas Maw]]'s orchestral [[nocturne]] ''The World in the Evening'' is subtitled 'lullaby for large orchestra'. American composer [[Michael Glenn Williams]] ''Berceuse'' for solo piano (recorded by pianist [[Roberto Prosseda]]) uses an ostinato similar to Chopin's but in a 21st century harmonic context. Contemporary American composer [[Todd Goodman]]'s Concerto for Bass Clarinet and Orchestra includes a "Berceuse" as the second movement. In terms of pop music, famous lullabies include "[[Good Night (song)|Good Night]]" by [[The Beatles]] and "Lullaby (Good Night My Angel)" by [[Billy Joel]].


Although I'm sure the Bonnie Blue would have been popular in SC during the war, it bears no real historical influence on the state flag. The palmetto was added to the flag after the revolution to commemorate the tree's contribution to a major South Carolinian victory at Fort Moultry. There were several other symbols of secession in SC that were more popular than the Bonnie Blue. Gadsdon's Flag, which bears a rattlesnake and the words 'don't tread on me' and is now the ensign of the navy, was invented in SC for the revolution and was revived for secession. There were also several variations on the state flag, such as the palmetto in full color, and a red flag with just the crescent, that were popular. Mary Boykin's diary, while certainly not comprehensive, does mention several of these flags, but not the Bonnie Blue. In short, the Bonnie Blue flag and the SC state flag had no influence on one another. [[User:129.252.69.19|129.252.69.19]] 21:56, 10 April 2006 (UTC)
Asia has its own versions of the lullaby as well. In [[Tamil language|Tamil]] (a language of southern [[India]] and northern [[Sri Lanka]]), a lullaby is called a ''thaalattu'' (''thal'' means "tongue"). A melodious sound is created by frequent movement of the tongue at the beginning of the song, hence the name.


although i have seen the link to the Republic of West Florida before, i'm not sure of its validity as the same flag. being the Bonnie Blue is a very simple flag, it may mean that the flags were simply identical but concieved completely seperately at different times.
But most notably is the use of the ''oyayi'' in the [[Philippines]], also called ''huluna'' in Batangas. In fact, the use of a song in putting a baby to sleep is so popular that almost every mother in the province is said to have composed at least one lullaby for her child.
== International Lullabies ==
The European Union government funded project, Lullabies of Europe has commenced to collect lullabies within European languages. A listing of collected lullabies with English translations are listed on the project website *[http://www.lullabies-of-europe.org/ Lullabies of Europe]


-[[User:Greygh0st|grey ghost]] 05:01, 7 December 2005 (UTC)


*The "Bonnie Blue Flag" was indeed the Flag of [[West Florida]], as the article says (A little known chapter of history, but true). How it came to be associated with the Civil War, secession, etc. is also explained in the article.--<b>[[User:JW1805|JW1805]]</b> <small>[[User talk:JW1805|(Talk)]]</small> 18:31, 7 December 2005 (UTC)


== Czech Lullabies (Ukolébavky)==
[http://www.lullabies-of-europe.org/CZ/CZLukkabies/CZCZlullabies.htm Czech Lyrics & song samples] or [http://lullabies-of-europe.org/UK/CZLukkabies/UKCZlullabies.htm English Lyrics & song samples]


I've made mention of the flag's predominate meaning today regarding federalism and the principle's commonly referred to as 'state's rights'.
'''Spi, Janíčku, spi (Sleep, Johny, sleep)'''
This playful lullaby was collected in Moravia by František Sušil (1804-1868), a priest and an activist of Czech national revival. He collected songs in Moravia and Silesia as well as in Slavic villages in Austria. This lullaby uses a specific name of the child, Janíček, a familiar form of the very common male name Jan. Nonsense is employed here, as the boy is promised not only a green and a red apple but also a blue one if he falls asleep.


'''Ukolébavka (Lullaby)'''
This lullaby was published in 1633 in The Informatorium of the School of Infancy by Johann Amos Comenius (1592-1670). The book is likely to be the first treatise on the development and educating infants and children up to six in the family. Comenius stressed among other things the necessity of sensory and emotional stimuli at an early age. Thus, he included for mothers and nurses the Czech text and the score of the originally German lullaby by 16th century preacher Mathesius.


Acutally, to my knowlage, the palmetto was not added to the flag until SC succeeded from the union, the palmetto thereby representing the independence of the state. Until that time, it was the "Moultrie" type flag with the crecent and "LIBERTY" on it. The red variation of the state flag was flown by the Citadel troops.
'''Hajej můj andílku (My Little Angel)'''
-[[User:Greygh0st|grey ghost]] 02:17, 27 July 2006 (UTC)
This is one of the most melodious Czech lullabies, first collected by Karel Jaromír Erben (1811-1870), Czech romantic writer, poet and collector of Czech folk songs and fairy tales. The text refers specifically to the mother rocking her baby.


==Verse vs. Refrain==
'''Halí, dítě (Hullee, baby)'''
This lullaby was collected by František Bartoš (1837-1906), pedagogue and ethnographer who collected Moravian songs. The second line says the carer will leave after the child falls asleep, but in the third line we learn that only to the garden in the valley to pick raspberries.


The article previously said, "One verse is:" then goes on to cite "Hurrah, hurrah, for Southern Rights hurrah! Hurrah for the Bonnie Blue Flag that bears a single star!" This is not, in fact, a verse, but rather, the refrain. I have made an appropriate change in the text. [[User:MrKeith2317|MrKeith2317]] 18:31, 31 January 2006 (UTC)
'''Halaj, belaj, malučký (Sleep, Sleep, Little One)'''
This lullaby is from the east of Moravia, where the dialect is influenced by the Slovak language, and also folk songs are similar to the Slovak ones from across the border. A boy is promised the essential food for infants, kašička, a smooth mixture made of milk and flour.


==74 or 90?==
==Danish Lullabies (vuggeviser)==
This article states that the republic of west florida lasted 74 days, but the [[West Florida]] article says it lasted 90 days. How long ''did'' it last? <b><font color="green">[[User:Jamie_C|Jamie]]</font><font color="black">|</font></b><i><font color="red">[[User_Talk:Jamie_C|C]]</font></i> 17:23, 23 November 2006 (UTC)
[http://www.lullabies-of-europe.org/DK/DKLullabies/DKDKlullabies.htm Danish Lyrics & song samples] or [http://lullabies-of-europe.org/UK/DKLullabies/UKDKlullabies.htm English Lyrics & song samples]
:[[Republic of West Florida]] says 34... messa confused. -- [[User:Hestemand|Hestemand]] 14:21, 7 May 2007 (UTC)


== When was name first used? ==
'''Solen er så rød, mor (The Sun is so Red, Mother)'''
This is considered a classic among Danish lullabies, written in 1920 by the Danish novelist, playwright and poet, Harald Bergstedt (1877-1965), with music composed by the world-renowned classical composer, Carl Nielsen (1865-1931).


This article describes the lone star flag of the Republic of West Florida (1810), then the national standard of Texas (1836), as "Bonnie Blue" flags. But the first recorded use of the name "Bonnie Blue Flag" is dated 1861. This is a serious problem and calls for a rewrite of the article — unless [[WP:RS|reliable sources]] link the name to the Florida and Texas flags. — [[User:Alarob|ℜob C.]] ''alias'' [[User_talk:Alarob|'''ᴀʟᴀʀoʙ''']] 13:07, 13 October 2008 (UTC)
'''Elefantens vuggevise (The Elephant’s Lullaby)'''
This lullaby is among the most popular lullabies today, and considered a classic among Danish lullabies. Using exotic animals as theme, the content and the text are simple and easily understood by a child. This was made politically correct in the 1990s: The word, negerdukkedreng (negro boy doll) was changed to kokosnød (coconut). The song was written in 1948 by the Danish writer and poet, Harald H. Lund, with music composed by writer-musician, Mogens Jermiin Nissen (1906-72).


== Dubious ==
'''Godnatsang (Goodnight Song)'''
This lullaby is very popular, and was composed (lyrics and music) by Sigurd Barrett (1967 - ), pianist, composer and host of a Children’s TV programme in Denmark, and by fellow musician Steen Nikolaj Hansen . Sigurd usually sings this song at the end of his children’s show. This lullaby has sleeping time as theme: The day is over and we must sleep and rest so we will be fresh again in the morning.


The assertion that the "Bonnie Blue" inspired the California bear flag seems extremely unlikely and demands clear proof. — [[User:Alarob|ℜob C.]] ''alias'' [[User_talk:Alarob|'''ᴀʟᴀʀoʙ''']] 13:16, 13 October 2008 (UTC)
'''Mues sang få Hansemand (Mother’s Song to Little Hans)'''
This lullaby originated from south Jutland, and is very old (year of composition, unknown), but not well-known in Denmark. This may, in part, be due to the fact that it was written in Jutlandic dialect. The song’s text was written by Marie Thulesen (1878-1924) with music by the Danish musician, Oluf Ring (1884-1946).

'''Jeg vil tælle stjernerne (I will Count the Stars)'''
This lullaby was written in 1951 by the famous Danish poet and writer, Halfdan Rasmussen (1915-2002). Rasmussen had written numerous rhymes and jingles, some of which are still being used in Danish beginner classes in public schools (e.g. Halfdans ABC). This lullaby’s music was composed by Hans Dalgaard (1919-81). The song is a simple story of a child who tries to count the stars with his/her fingers and toes.

==English Lullabies==
[http://lullabies-of-europe.org/UK/UKLullabies/UKUKlullabies.htm English Lyrics & song samples]

'''Lavender’s blue'''
Lavender’s blue is a traditional song used as a lullaby. It is not known by whom it was written or when, but it dates back to at least the 1680s. Like many lullabies it has probably been passed down through generations and has changed over time. An alternative opening is Lavender‘s blue, dilly dilly, rosemary’s green.

'''By Baby Bunting'''
In old English, cradle songs were called Byssinge, the prefix by meaning slumber. This joyous little song is as old as English nursery rhymes. English mothers have sung it to their babies and it is familiar wherever the English language is spoken. The melody has come through the years unchanged. As in the case of lullabies of many other lands, the promise of a reward for good behaviour is offered to the child. In current English the word bunting may refer to a kind of bird or o a soft, thick cloth. Or it may often be simply a term of endearment.

'''Hush, little baby'''
This is a traditional lullaby and we do not know who wrote it or when, although it is thought to be American (mockingbirds are from the American continent). The lyrics promise all kind of rewards to the child if he or she is quiet.

'''Twinkle twinkle little star'''
his is one of the most popular English nursery rhymes. It combines the tune of the 1761 French melody ‘Ah! Vous dirai-je, Maman’ with an English poem, ‘The Star’ by Jane Taylor. The poem, which is in couplet form, was first published in 1806 in Rhymes for the Nursery, a collection of poems by Taylor and her sister Ann. The English lyrics have five verses, although only the first is widely known.
Mozart wrote twelve variations on Twinkle, Twinkle, Little star, listed as Variations on ‘Ah! Vous dirai-je, Maman’.

'''Scottish Lullaby'''
From the clans of the Scottish Highlands comes this traditional melody. Only the air Cdul gu lo (Sleep on till dawn) and not the original Scottish verses were used when a dramatization of Sir Walter Scott’s Guy Mannering was presented. For this, Sir Walter Scott composed the verses ‘Lullaby for an Infant Child’.

The history of the Highlands and the wars by which the clans were able to preserve their independence are evoked in this first song for an infant. The dream is of the trumpet and the ideal is manhood. The lines of this lullaby are familiar to English speakers as a nursery rhyme. They are a curtailed version of Sir Walter Scott’s verses.

==Ελληνικά (Greek) Lullabies (Νανουρίσματα)==
[http://www.lullabies-of-europe.org/EL/ELLullabies/ELELlullabies.htm Greek Lyrics & song samples] or [http://lullabies-of-europe.org/UK/ELLullabies/UKELlullabies.htm English Lyrics & song samples]

'''Νάνι μού το νάνι νάνι (Nani Mine, Nani Nani)'''
This lullaby originates from the Island of Kalymnos, one of the Dodecanese Islands situated in the south-eastern Aegean Sea. This island combines the beauty of the mountains, the scents of oregano and thyme together with crystal waters. In this particular lullaby, the lyrics are influenced by the beauty of nature. Kalymnos is also famous for sponge fishing and the production of olive oil. This explains the references to olive trees and the sun, which is essential to islanders. Apart from the words nani-nani, we also have the sound e e e in this lullaby, a very common and popular motive of Greek lullabies.
As in all traditional Greek lullabies its year of origin is unknown as well as the composer and the lullaby’s lyricist.

'''Νάνι νάνι το παιδί μου (Nani nani my child)'''
This lullaby originates from mountainous Kastoria, a Greek city situated in Western Macedonia. Many crops are cultivated in the region which is especially famous for its vineyards, as mentioned in the lullaby. Livestock breeding is also very common there, which explains references to the lamb, goat and sheepcote. Another interesting element here is the use of diminutives, e.g. little sheep, little goat, etc. Diminutives are used in the Greek language to indicate not only smallness but also deep affection.
As in all traditional Greek lullabies its year of origin is unknown as well as the composer and the lullaby’s lyricist.

'''Ύπνε, που παίρνεις τα μικρά (Sleep, who takes little ones)'''
This lullaby, originally created on the Island of Thassos (northern Aegean Sea) is heard all over Greece with numerous variations. The element of Sleep (Ύπνος) is central. In many Greek lullabies they address Sleep, who is kindly asked to take the baby in his arms and help it go to sleep. According to Greek mythology Ύπνος was the God of sleep. His mother was the Night and his sons were the Dreams.
As in all traditional Greek lullabies its year of origin is unknown as well as the composer and the lullaby’s lyricist.

'''Ύπνε μου, επάρε μού το (My Sleep, take it from me)'''
This lullaby originates from Southern Italy. Greek-speaking populations have lived in that part of Italy since the 8th century B.C., when the first Greek colonies were established in the regions of Salento, Calabria, Taras and Metapontio. These areas have a large production of roses, which somehow explains the references to roses and their assortments in the lullaby. The word santoulos is of Italian origin and means godfather.

'''Τζοιμάται ο ήλιος στα βουνά (The sun sleeps on the mountains)'''
This lullaby is of Greek origin. Its place of origin is the island of Aegina situated near the city of Athens. Passed on to the island of Cyprus it was converted to the Cypriot dialect and also some lyrics were added. The original Greek lullaby had only the first paragraph. There is no information of its year of origin as well as of the composer and the lullaby’s lyricist. We also do not know how it was introduced and changed in Cyprus.

==Italian Lullabies (Ninnananne)==
[http://www.lullabies-of-europe.org/IT/ITLullabies/ITITlullabies.htm Italian Lyrics & song samples] or [http://lullabies-of-europe.org/UK/ITLullabies/UKITlullabies.htm English Lyrics & song samples]

'''Nana Bobo (Nana Bobò)'''
This is a beautiful and very ancient lullaby of the Veneto lagoon. Balkan and Byzantine influences are evident in the structure of the song. The lullaby singer is wishing health and wealth to a beloved child who doesn’t want to sleep. The mother is not present. This lullaby has several more lines but they contain words in many dialects. Nana is a word meaning ‘sleep’. Bobò is a term of endearment, with no specific meaning.

'''Fai la Nanna, Mio Simone (Go to sleep, my Simone)'''
Go to sleep, my Simone is an example of the Italian old folk lullabies which depicts a feeling of the simple way of living in the old days. This is a lullaby from Tuscany and shows an initial exuberant tone followed by the sweeter pace of the cradle song. The mother is with her baby boy and she envisions his future following the father’s pattern in life and work. Other women are in the square talking and walking pleasantly, but she is at home cooking the focaccia bread and looking after her baby. The lullaby’s opening is exuberant and loud and the text is apparently very remote from what is usually a subject for a baby going to sleep. Then it takes a more calm and deep tone.

'''Stella Stellina (Star, Little Star)'''
There is no indication on when and where this lullaby was created. It shows standard Italian and is one of the most popular cradle songs, used all over Italy. When Italians aged seventy and over have been asked if they have heard this song in their infancy, their response has been positive. So, we believe that Stella Stellina can be considered to be quite an old lullaby.

'''Fate la nanna, coscine di pollo (Go to bed-byes, little chicken legs)'''
Italian mothers know this lullaby, which is used regularly with no text variations. The little chicken legs can easily be those of little babies and the skirt refers to the time when many mothers could dedicate their attention to activities such as producing pieces of crochet for their babies.

This is a lullaby from Tuscany and naming a baby “little chicken legs” is an example of the great sense of humour of people from this region. Go to bed-byes, little chicken legs is very popular all over Italy.

'''Ninnananna dei suoni e dei colori (Lullaby of sounds and colours)'''
This is a contemporary lullaby, just composed for the European Union Lingua project “Languages from the Cradle”. It is in a standard Italian and is dedicated to a baby boy and a baby girl who, while sleeping, or half-sleeping with his/her parents, explore a dream world made of beautiful colours and sounds.

==Romanian Lullabies (Cântece de leagãn)==
[http://www.lullabies-of-europe.org/RO/ROLullabies/ROROlullabies.htm Romanian Lyrics & song samples] or [http://lullabies-of-europe.org/UK/ROLullabies/UKROlullabies.htm English Lyrics & song samples]

'''Culcă-te, puiuţ micuţ (Go to asleep my tiny baby)'''
This is an old lullaby from Western and Central România (Cluj, Bihor, Năsăud ) still sung by mothers living in the countryside. It can be heard in different versions. It is also mentioned in the school textbooks as sung by a great Romanian folk singer, Maria Tănase who lived between 1913-1963 and made a great contribution to the aknowledgement of the Romanian folklore abroad.

'''Nani, nani, puişor (Nani, Nani My Sweet Little Baby!)'''
This anonymous lullaby is also very old and sung in all the regions of Romania.

It begins with the typical words for suggesting ‘sleep’ to the baby: nani, nani, and with the diminutive words for ‘midday’: prânz, prânzişor.

'''Culcă-mi-te mititel (You look so Tiny when you sleep)'''
This is also an old, archaic cradle song from Muntenia region (Southern Romania). The mother wishes her baby to grow and be able to take care of the sheep and lambs and ducklings in the fields. Little children in the countryside always play in the fields among little animals and flowers. They also take care of these animals when they grow up. Mititel, măricel, bobocei, ghiocei, mieluşei, brebenei are one-word diminutives in Romanian in order to compare the baby’s tiny environment with the natural elements which are also tiny and cute.

'''Nani, nani, puiu’ mamii (Nani, Nani, Your Mother’s Baby)'''
This is another very old cradle song which has its origin in one of the south regions of Romania, Oltenia. It is short and only repeats specific words for inducing peace and sleep to the baby: nani is a typical mimetic word very often used in a lullaby; maica means my mum. In Romanian, it is common to address a baby by the words my mum to show affection.

'''Haia, haia, mică baia (Haia, Haia, Tiny is the Bath)'''
This is an old song from Banat region (Western part of Romania), using the numbers, which is not common in lullabies. In this lullaby, cuculică is a diminutive, mimetic word meaning a kind of tiny birdie/cuckoo; and lululică is another diminutive expressing the rocking of the baby.

==Turkish Lullabies (Ninniler)==
[http://www.lullabies-of-europe.org/RO/ROLullabies/ROROlullabies.htm Romanian Lyrics & song samples] or [http://lullabies-of-europe.org/UK/ROLullabies/UKROlullabies.htm English Lyrics & song samples]

== Hush Little Baby ==
Another famous lullaby, generally known as "Hush Little Baby" makes many promises to the child if it will only be quiet and go to sleep, a sentiment with which parents will be familiar:
:Hush little baby, don't say a word,
:Papa's going to buy you a mockingbird
:And if that mockingbird don't sing,
:Papa's gonna buy you a diamond ring.

and goes on to promise "a looking glass", "a horse and coach", and other treasures. The structure is simple enough for parents to ad-lib further verses as required. This song has had the unusual distinction of two separate manifestations as a [[popular song]], first as "[[Bo Diddley (song)|Bo Diddley]]" and then, in a near-[[fugue]] arrangement, as "[[Mockingbird (1963 song)|Mockingbird]]", a hit first for the brother-and-sister team, [[Inez and Charlie Foxx]] in [[1963]], and then, for then husband and wife, [[James Taylor]] and [[Carly Simon]] in [[1974]], singing the Foxx arrangement. [[Toby Keith]] and his teenage daughter Krystal covered the song in [[2004]].

Singer [[James Hetfield]] recites a variaton of "Hush Little Baby" in the 1991 [[Metallica]] song [[Enter Sandman]].

In 2005 [[rap music|rapper]] [[Eminem]] adapted "Mockingbird" into a song for his daughter (see: [[Mockingbird_(song)|Mockingbird]]).

Sylvia Long published a [http://www.sylvia-long.com/hushl.htm book] with a less materialistic, more naturalistic version of the song that begins:
:Hush little baby, don’t say a word,
:Mama’s going to show you a hummingbird.
:If that hummingbird should fly,
:Mama’s going to show you the evening sky.
and continues in a similar vein.




THE OREGON SONG:
The Oregon song was written in 1919 by Samuel Bringg. It was written as a learning method for his children to help remember the states. There were only 39 songs written in all, though, The Oregon Song becoming the most well-known.
The refrain of the song varies slightly from person to person, but was originally written as,
"Oregon, Oregon. Let's go explore again, in the Oregon wilderness"

==Summertime==
A famous lullaby is "[[Summertime (song)|Summertime]]" from the Porgy and Bess musical of 1935. Sometimes it is also referred to as the Gershwin Lullaby. Although many of the jazz improvizations of this song have "wild chromaticism", the original is quite soothing, and somewhat slow and melancholy, in natural minor. Gershwin was actually inspired to write the song after hearing a Ukrainian lullaby, [[Oi Khodyt Son Kolo Vikon]] (A Dream Passes by the Window) in 1926. The recurring gentle rocking back and forth between A-minor 6th and E-seventh, in the orchestral strings version, is simultaneously both sad and comforting. Additionally, many parents sing this song (unaccompanied) to their children, at bed time.

:Summertime, and the living is easy
:Fish are jumping, and the cotton is high
:Your daddy's rich, and your ma is good looking
:So hush little baby, don't you cry.

:One of these mornings, you're gonna rise up singing
:You're gonna spread your wings and take the sky
:But till that morning, there is nothing can harm you
:With your daddy and mommy standing by



The Christain singer Tobymac's song "Irene" features the lines "Hush little baby,don't you cry,Daddy's gonna sing you a lullaby"

==All the Pretty Little Horses==
Another famous lullaby is "All the Pretty Little Horses" which many children simply know by the first three words of the lyrics: "Hush a bye". It was originally written by an African American slave who could not take care of her baby because she was too busy taking care of her master's child. She would therefore sing this song to her master's child{{Fact|date=September 2007}}. Originally, the lyrics were "birds and butterflies, peck at his eyes" but were changed to "birds and butterflies, flutter 'round his eyes" to make the lullaby less violent for younger children. Like Summertime this song is also played in natural minor.

:Hush-a-bye

:Don't you cry

:Go to sleep my little ba-by;
:When you wake,
:you shall have,
:all the pretty little horses.

:Dapples and Greys,
:Pintos and Bays,
:Coach and six little horses.

:Hush-a-bye

:Don't you cry

:Go to sleep my little baby
:When you wake,
:you shall have,
:all the pretty little horses.

:Way down yonder
:in the meadow
:poor little baby cries mama
:birds and butterflies
:flutter 'round his eyes
:poor little baby cries mama

:Hush-a-bye

:Don't you cry

:Go to sleep my little ba-by;
:When you wake,
:you shall have,
:all the pretty little horses.

The [[folk]] group [[Peter, Paul & Mary]] recorded a version called "Hush-A-Bye" in 1963.

Pop artist [[Kenny Loggins]] recorded a version called "All the Pretty Little Ponies" for his 1994 CD "Return to Pooh Corner."

[[Apocalyptic folk]] band [[Current 93]] recorded two versions of "All the Pretty Little Horses" for their 1996 album of the same name, one sung by [[Nick Cave]], and [[Coil]] included a version on their album [[Black Antlers]].

==External links==
{{Wiktionarypar|lullaby|berceuse}}
*[http://www.lullabies-of-europe.org/ "Languages from the Cradle" A European Union, government funded, education project to collect lullabies (in their native language) from across Europe - includes samples in 7 languages].
*[http://mtcn.free.fr/mtcn-traditional-music-midi-counting-rhyme.php Lullabies in traditional music from the county of Nice, France].
*[http://www.easybyte.org Easybyte] - free easy piano arrangement of "Wiegenlied / Brahms Lullaby" plus midi sound file.
*[http://www.rowy.net/sheet_music.html RowyNet] - free advanced piano paraphrase of "Wiegenlied / Brahms Lullaby".
*[http://www.cdroots.com/kkv-axis.html Lullabies From the Axis of Evil (from CDRoots.com)]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qhBLWZhPvgQ Hazaragi Lullaby Afghanistan] - Online Video
*[http://childrens.sonnetwriters.com/?cat=6 Lullaby Sonnets]
* "Berceuse," [http://www.jaredcarter.com/poems/7/ lullaby ] by [[Jared Carter]].


{{SleepSeries2}}

[[Category:Song forms]]

[[ca:Cançó de bressol]]
[[da:Berceuse]]
[[de:Wiegenlied]]
[[es:Nana (canción de cuna)]]
[[fr:Berceuse]]
[[it:Ninna nanna (canto)]]
[[he:שיר ערש]]
[[lb:Berceuse]]
[[nl:Slaaplied]]
[[ja:子守歌 (ショパン)]]
[[no:Berceuse]]
[[oc:Breçairòla]]
[[pl:Kołysanka]]
[[pt:Cantiga de ninar]]
[[simple:Lullaby]]
[[sv:Berceuse]]
[[th:เพลงกล่อมเด็ก]]
[[tr:Ninni]]

Revision as of 13:16, 13 October 2008

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South Carolina

Flag of South Carolina
Bonnie Blue Flag
File:FortMoultrieFlag.jpg
Fort Moultrie Flag

shouldn't someone mention the flag's link to South Carolina? i may be misinformed, but i do know that although the song and the fame that followed it began when Mississippi seceded from the Union, the flag and the symbolism itself was heavily tied to the state of South Carolina.

the Bonnie Blue Flag itself bears the same color as the state flag of SC, which was the same color all the way back to pre-1776. originally, the SC flag bore the crecent symbol and the word "LIBERTY" underneath it. when SC became the first state to secede from the union, the Bonnie Blue was the most popular symbol of secession, because the star represented the independant state of SC. officially, the lone palmetto was added to the flag to signify this.


Although I'm sure the Bonnie Blue would have been popular in SC during the war, it bears no real historical influence on the state flag. The palmetto was added to the flag after the revolution to commemorate the tree's contribution to a major South Carolinian victory at Fort Moultry. There were several other symbols of secession in SC that were more popular than the Bonnie Blue. Gadsdon's Flag, which bears a rattlesnake and the words 'don't tread on me' and is now the ensign of the navy, was invented in SC for the revolution and was revived for secession. There were also several variations on the state flag, such as the palmetto in full color, and a red flag with just the crescent, that were popular. Mary Boykin's diary, while certainly not comprehensive, does mention several of these flags, but not the Bonnie Blue. In short, the Bonnie Blue flag and the SC state flag had no influence on one another. 129.252.69.19 21:56, 10 April 2006 (UTC)

although i have seen the link to the Republic of West Florida before, i'm not sure of its validity as the same flag. being the Bonnie Blue is a very simple flag, it may mean that the flags were simply identical but concieved completely seperately at different times.

-grey ghost 05:01, 7 December 2005 (UTC)

  • The "Bonnie Blue Flag" was indeed the Flag of West Florida, as the article says (A little known chapter of history, but true). How it came to be associated with the Civil War, secession, etc. is also explained in the article.--JW1805 (Talk) 18:31, 7 December 2005 (UTC)


I've made mention of the flag's predominate meaning today regarding federalism and the principle's commonly referred to as 'state's rights'.


Acutally, to my knowlage, the palmetto was not added to the flag until SC succeeded from the union, the palmetto thereby representing the independence of the state. Until that time, it was the "Moultrie" type flag with the crecent and "LIBERTY" on it. The red variation of the state flag was flown by the Citadel troops. -grey ghost 02:17, 27 July 2006 (UTC)

Verse vs. Refrain

The article previously said, "One verse is:" then goes on to cite "Hurrah, hurrah, for Southern Rights hurrah! Hurrah for the Bonnie Blue Flag that bears a single star!" This is not, in fact, a verse, but rather, the refrain. I have made an appropriate change in the text. MrKeith2317 18:31, 31 January 2006 (UTC)

74 or 90?

This article states that the republic of west florida lasted 74 days, but the West Florida article says it lasted 90 days. How long did it last? Jamie|C 17:23, 23 November 2006 (UTC)

Republic of West Florida says 34... messa confused. -- Hestemand 14:21, 7 May 2007 (UTC)

When was name first used?

This article describes the lone star flag of the Republic of West Florida (1810), then the national standard of Texas (1836), as "Bonnie Blue" flags. But the first recorded use of the name "Bonnie Blue Flag" is dated 1861. This is a serious problem and calls for a rewrite of the article — unless reliable sources link the name to the Florida and Texas flags. — ℜob C. alias ᴀʟᴀʀoʙ 13:07, 13 October 2008 (UTC)

Dubious

The assertion that the "Bonnie Blue" inspired the California bear flag seems extremely unlikely and demands clear proof. — ℜob C. alias ᴀʟᴀʀoʙ 13:16, 13 October 2008 (UTC)

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