IPS/UPS: Difference between revisions
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{{Redirect|Unified Energy System||RAO UES}} |
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[[File:Wide area synchronous grid (Eurasia, Mediterranean).png|thumb|right|250px|Worldwide synchronous grids. IPS/UPS is shown in orange.]] |
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The '''IPS/UPS''' is a [[Wide area synchronous grid|wide area synchronous transmission grid]] of some [[Commonwealth of Independent States|CIS countries]] with a common mode of operation and centralized supervisory control. It has an installed generation capacity of 300 [[gigawatts]], and produces 1,200 [[terawatt]]-hours (TWh) per year for its 280 million customers. The system spans eight time zones.<ref name=IPSUPS-1> |
The '''IPS/UPS''' is a [[Wide area synchronous grid|wide area synchronous transmission grid]] of some [[Commonwealth of Independent States|CIS countries]], with a common mode of operation and centralized supervisory control. It has an installed generation capacity of 300 [[gigawatts]], and produces 1,200 [[terawatt]]-hours (TWh) per year for its 280 million customers. The system spans eight time zones.<ref name=IPSUPS-1> |
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{{cite journal |
{{cite journal |
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|url = http://www.ucte-ipsups.org/Pdf/Download/englisch/IPSUPS_Overview_Lebed.pdf |
|url = http://www.ucte-ipsups.org/Pdf/Download/englisch/IPSUPS_Overview_Lebed.pdf |
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==History== |
==History== |
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The |
The unified power system was started in 1956 by interconnecting the power systems of Center and Middle Volga. By 1978, the unified power system included all of the [[Soviet Union]] except [[Central Asia]]. |
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In 1979–1993 the power systems of [[Poland]], [[German Democratic Republic]], [[Czechoslovakia]], [[Hungary]], [[Romania]] and [[Bulgaria]], now part of the [[synchronous grid of Continental Europe]] (ENTSO-E), operated synchronously with the Unified Power System of USSR. |
In 1979–1993 the power systems of [[Poland]], the [[German Democratic Republic]], [[Czechoslovakia]], [[Hungary]], [[Romania]] and [[Bulgaria]], now part of the [[synchronous grid of Continental Europe]] (ENTSO-E), operated synchronously with the Unified Power System of the USSR. |
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Central Asian countries (excluding [[Turkmenistan]]) were |
Central Asian countries (excluding [[Turkmenistan]]) were added to the integrated system in 2001.<ref name=IPSUPS-1/> In 2009, [[Uzbekistan]] disconnected from the system resulting also in the disconnection of [[Tajikistan]].<ref name=asiaplus300710>{{Cite news |
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| title = Energy blockade reportedly costs Sangtudinskaya GES-1 at US$20 mln |
| title = Energy blockade reportedly costs Sangtudinskaya GES-1 at US$20 mln |
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| first = Payrav |
| first = Payrav |
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| date = 2010-07-30 |
| date = 2010-07-30 |
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| access-date = 2010-11-13 |
| access-date = 2010-11-13 |
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}}</ref> In 2022, [[Ukraine]] disconnected, resulting in the disconnection of [[Moldova]].<ref name=ukraineD>{{Cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/eu-energy-ministers-discuss-plans-supply-shocks-ukraine-crisis-2022-02-27/|title=EU to urgently link electricity grid with Ukraine's|newspaper=Reuters|date=28 February 2022|last1=Abnett|first1=Kate}}</ref> |
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}}</ref> |
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==UPS== |
==UPS== |
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The Russian portion of the interconnection is known as Unified Power System of Russia (UPS |
The Russian portion of the interconnection is known as Unified Power System of Russia (UPS; {{lang-ru|Единая энергетическая система России}}) and includes six [[transmission system operator|regional transmission operators]]: ECO Center, ECO South, ECO North-West, ECO Middle Volga, ECO Urals and ECO Siberia. ECO East operates in isolation from UPS of Russia. |
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UPS of Russia came into existence as a result of Russian Federation Decision #526 dated 11 July 2001 "On the Restructuring of the Russian Federation United Energy System". Up until 1 July 2008 [[RAO UES]] operated UPS. It is currently being operated by the [[FGC UES|Federal Grid Company]] (FGC UES) of Russia. |
UPS of Russia came into existence as a result of Russian Federation Decision #526 dated 11 July 2001 "On the Restructuring of the Russian Federation United Energy System". Up until 1 July 2008 [[RAO UES]] operated UPS. It is currently being operated by the [[FGC UES|Federal Grid Company]] (FGC UES) of Russia. |
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==IPS== |
==IPS== |
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The Integrated Power System (IPS) |
The Integrated Power System (IPS) portion of the network includes the national networks of [[Kazakhstan]], [[Kyrgyzstan]], [[Belarus]], [[Azerbaijan]], [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], and [[Mongolia]].<ref name=luther> |
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{{cite conference |
{{cite conference |
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|title = Reliable electricity system and requested extensions towards CIS and Baltic countries, North Africa and Middle East |
|title = Reliable electricity system and requested extensions towards CIS and Baltic countries, North Africa and Middle East |
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}}</ref> |
}}</ref> |
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In early 2021 Ukraine announced that it |
In early 2021 Ukraine announced that it would be disconnecting from Russia and Belarus by the end of 2023 and integrating into [[Synchronous grid of Continental Europe|the continental European grid]].<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.uawire.org/kyiv-ukraine-will-cut-itself-off-from-power-grids-of-russia-and-belarus | title = Kyiv: Ukraine will cut itself off from power grids of Russia and Belarus | date = 2021-01-25 | publisher = UAWire }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://tass.com/world/1259555 | title = Ukraine to disconnect from Russia and Belarus' power systems by end of 2023 | publisher = TASS | date = 2021-02-23 }}</ref> In February 2022, Ukraine disconnected due to the [[2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine]], also disconnecting Moldova.<ref name=ukraineD/> In early March 2022, Ukraine completed an emergency synchronization with the European grid. <ref>{{cite web |title=ENTSO-E agrees to start trial synchronization of continental European power grids with those of Ukraine, Moldova from March 16 |url=https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/economic/814396.html |website=Interfax-Ukraine |access-date=16 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref> |
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==Interconnections with other systems== |
==Interconnections with other systems== |
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IPS/UPS is synchronously interconnected with the Baltic countries. In addition, it has an interlink to the [[NORDEL|Nordic]] system via a [[HVDC#Back to back|back |
IPS/UPS is synchronously interconnected with the Baltic countries. In addition, it has an interlink to the [[NORDEL|Nordic]] system via a [[HVDC#Back to back|back-to-back high-voltage direct current]] (HVDC) [[Vyborg HVDC scheme|connection]] to Finland with a capacity of 1420 [[megawatts]].<ref>{{cite book |
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|title = Operation of Interconnected Power Systems |
|title = Operation of Interconnected Power Systems |
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|chapter = Interconnected systems in Europe |
|chapter = Interconnected systems in Europe |
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}} ''(See "Operation of Power Systems" link for title page and table of contents.)''</ref> |
}} ''(See "Operation of Power Systems" link for title page and table of contents.)''</ref> |
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Russia and the EU |
In 2005, Russia and the EU considered unifying the IPS/UPS network with the ENTSO-E to form a single synchronous [[super grid]] spanning 13 time zones.<ref name=IPSUPS-1/> There was also a proposal to interconnect the Russian grid to China and other Asian systems with HVDC links as part of an [[Asian Super Grid]]. |
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==See also== |
==See also== |
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*[[European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity]] (ENTSO-E) |
*[[European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity]] (ENTSO-E) |
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*[[SuperSmart Grid]] - proposal for combining ENTSO-E, IPS/UPS and some [[Middle East]] networks with [[smart grid]] capabilities |
*[[SuperSmart Grid]] - proposal for combining ENTSO-E, IPS/UPS and some [[Middle East]] networks with [[smart grid]] capabilities |
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*[[Super grid]] |
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*[[European super grid]] |
*[[European super grid]] |
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*[[Baltic states synchronization with UCTE]] |
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*[[Asian Super Grid]] |
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==References== |
==References== |
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[[Category:Electric power transmission systems in Asia]] |
[[Category:Electric power transmission systems in Asia]] |
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[[Category:Electric power infrastructure in Russia]] |
[[Category:Electric power infrastructure in Russia]] |
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[[Category:Eurasian economic integration]] |
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Latest revision as of 23:24, 4 January 2024
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The IPS/UPS is a wide area synchronous transmission grid of some CIS countries, with a common mode of operation and centralized supervisory control. It has an installed generation capacity of 300 gigawatts, and produces 1,200 terawatt-hours (TWh) per year for its 280 million customers. The system spans eight time zones.[1]
History[edit]
The unified power system was started in 1956 by interconnecting the power systems of Center and Middle Volga. By 1978, the unified power system included all of the Soviet Union except Central Asia.
In 1979–1993 the power systems of Poland, the German Democratic Republic, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria, now part of the synchronous grid of Continental Europe (ENTSO-E), operated synchronously with the Unified Power System of the USSR.
Central Asian countries (excluding Turkmenistan) were added to the integrated system in 2001.[1] In 2009, Uzbekistan disconnected from the system resulting also in the disconnection of Tajikistan.[2] In 2022, Ukraine disconnected, resulting in the disconnection of Moldova.[3]
UPS[edit]
The Russian portion of the interconnection is known as Unified Power System of Russia (UPS; Russian: Единая энергетическая система России) and includes six regional transmission operators: ECO Center, ECO South, ECO North-West, ECO Middle Volga, ECO Urals and ECO Siberia. ECO East operates in isolation from UPS of Russia.
UPS of Russia came into existence as a result of Russian Federation Decision #526 dated 11 July 2001 "On the Restructuring of the Russian Federation United Energy System". Up until 1 July 2008 RAO UES operated UPS. It is currently being operated by the Federal Grid Company (FGC UES) of Russia.
IPS[edit]
The Integrated Power System (IPS) portion of the network includes the national networks of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Belarus, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Mongolia.[4]
In early 2021 Ukraine announced that it would be disconnecting from Russia and Belarus by the end of 2023 and integrating into the continental European grid.[5][6] In February 2022, Ukraine disconnected due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, also disconnecting Moldova.[3] In early March 2022, Ukraine completed an emergency synchronization with the European grid. [7]
Interconnections with other systems[edit]
IPS/UPS is synchronously interconnected with the Baltic countries. In addition, it has an interlink to the Nordic system via a back-to-back high-voltage direct current (HVDC) connection to Finland with a capacity of 1420 megawatts.[8]
In 2005, Russia and the EU considered unifying the IPS/UPS network with the ENTSO-E to form a single synchronous super grid spanning 13 time zones.[1] There was also a proposal to interconnect the Russian grid to China and other Asian systems with HVDC links as part of an Asian Super Grid.
See also[edit]
- European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E)
- SuperSmart Grid - proposal for combining ENTSO-E, IPS/UPS and some Middle East networks with smart grid capabilities
- European super grid
- Baltic states synchronization with UCTE
References[edit]
- ^ a b c
Sergei Lebed (20 April 2005). "IPS/UPS Overview" (PDF). Brussels: UCTE-IPSUPS Study presentation: 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 7 December 2008.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Chorshanbiyev, Payrav (30 July 2010). "Energy blockade reportedly costs Sangtudinskaya GES-1 at US$20 mln". ASIA-Plus. Archived from the original on 18 April 2013. Retrieved 13 November 2010.
- ^ a b Abnett, Kate (28 February 2022). "EU to urgently link electricity grid with Ukraine's". Reuters.
- ^ Luther, Matthias (2004). Reliable electricity system and requested extensions towards CIS and Baltic countries, North Africa and Middle East (PDF). TEN-E Conference: Developing a Secure and Sustainable Trans European Energy Network. Union for the Co-ordination of Transmission of Electricity. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 12 December 2008.
- ^ "Kyiv: Ukraine will cut itself off from power grids of Russia and Belarus". UAWire. 25 January 2021.
- ^ "Ukraine to disconnect from Russia and Belarus' power systems by end of 2023". TASS. 23 February 2021.
- ^ "ENTSO-E agrees to start trial synchronization of continental European power grids with those of Ukraine, Moldova from March 16". Interfax-Ukraine. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
- ^ Haubrich, Hans-Jürgen; Dieter Denzel (30 October 2008). "Interconnected systems in Europe" (PDF). Operation of Interconnected Power Systems (PDF). Aachen: Institute for Electrical Equipment and Power Plants (IAEW) at RWTH Aachen University. p. 16. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2008. (See "Operation of Power Systems" link for title page and table of contents.)