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{{Infobox government agency
{{double image|right|US-Federal_Civil_Defense_Administration_seal_(color).svg|130|United_States_Civil_Defense_Roundel.svg|130|FCDA Seal|Civil Defense Logo|FCDA Seal|FCDA Logo}}
| name = Federal Civil Defense Administration
| native_name =
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| type =
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| logo = US-Federal_Civil_Defense_Administration_seal_(color).svg
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| formed = {{Start date and age|1950|11|01}}
| preceding1 = [[Office of Civilian Defense]]
| preceding2 =
| dissolved = {{end date and age|1958}}
| superseding1 = [[Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization]]
| superseding2 =
| agency_type =
| jurisdiction = [[Federal government of the United States]]
| status =
| headquarters = [[Washington, D.C.]]
| coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LATITUDE|LONGITUDE|type:landmark_region:US|display=inline,title}} -->
| motto =
| employees =
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| keydocument1 = [https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/279069 Executive Order 10186]
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The '''Federal Civil Defense Administration''' (FCDA) was organized by President [[Harry S. Truman]] on December 1,1950 through Executive Order 10186,<ref>{{cite web|title=Executive Order 10186|url=https://www.archives.gov/federal-register/executive-orders/1950.html|accessdate=7 October 2013|authorlink=Federal Register page and date: 15 FR 8557, December 5, 1950}}</ref> and became an official government agency via the Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950 on 12&nbsp;January 1951.<ref name="EECDEM_Truman">[https://facultystaff.richmond.edu/~wgreen/Ecdtruman.htm Civil Defense: The Truman Administration (Entry 0113)] from ''The Electronic Encyclopaedia of Civil Defense and Emergency Management'' edited by Walter G. Green III</ref> In 1958 the FCDA was superseded by the [[Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization]] when President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] merged the FCDA with the [[Office of Defense Mobilization]].<ref name="EECDEM_Eisenhower">[https://facultystaff.richmond.edu/~wgreen/Ecdeisenhower.htm Civil Defense: The Eisenhower Administration (Entry 0107)] from ''The Electronic Encyclopaedia of Civil Defense and Emergency Management'' edited by Walter G. Green III</ref>
The '''Federal Civil Defense Administration''' (FCDA) was organized by President [[Harry S. Truman]] on December 1, 1950, through Executive Order 10186,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/node/279069 |title= Harry S. Truman, Executive Order 10186—Establishing the Federal Civil Defense Administration in the Office for Emergency Management of the Executive Office of the President |author1=Peters, Gerhard |author2=Woolley, John T |publisher = University of California - Santa Barbara |work= The American Presidency Project}}</ref> and became an official government agency via the Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950 on 12&nbsp;January 1951.<ref name="EECDEM_Truman">[https://facultystaff.richmond.edu/~wgreen/Ecdtruman.htm Civil Defense: The Truman Administration (Entry 0113)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029191242/https://facultystaff.richmond.edu/~wgreen/Ecdtruman.htm |date=2013-10-29 }} from ''The Electronic Encyclopaedia of Civil Defense and Emergency Management'' edited by Walter G. Green III</ref> In 1958 the FCDA was superseded by the [[Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization]] when President [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]] merged the FCDA with the [[Office of Defense Mobilization]].<ref name="EECDEM_Eisenhower">[https://facultystaff.richmond.edu/~wgreen/Ecdeisenhower.htm Civil Defense: The Eisenhower Administration (Entry 0107)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120531075014/https://facultystaff.richmond.edu/~wgreen/Ecdeisenhower.htm |date=2012-05-31 }} from ''The Electronic Encyclopaedia of Civil Defense and Emergency Management'' edited by Walter G. Green III</ref>


In its early years, the agency focused on evacuation as a strategy.<ref name="EECDEM_Truman"/><ref name="EECDEM_Eisenhower"/>
In its early years, the agency focused on evacuation as a strategy.<ref name="EECDEM_Truman"/><ref name="EECDEM_Eisenhower"/>
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==Background==
==Background==
:''See also: [[United States civil defense]]
{{See also|United States civil defense}}


The predecessor to the FCDA, the [[Office of Civilian Defense]] was abolished in June 1945 with the end of [[World War II]]. In the period between the end of the World War and 1949, when the [[Soviet Union]] detonated their first atomic weapon, little was given to the topic of civil defense. After the Soviets demonstration of their first atomic weapon there was a feeling of the need to ''do something'' throughout both the American public and government.<ref name=PBS-1>{{cite web|title=Laura McEnaney on: The Federal Civil Defense Administration|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/bomb/filmmore/reference/interview/mcenaney01.html|publisher=PBS|accessdate=7 October 2013}}</ref> This led to, among many actions, the creation of the Federal Civil Defense Administration by President Harry S. Truman in 1950.<ref name=tru-edu>{{cite web|title=CIVIL DEFENSE: THE TRUMAN ADMINISTRATION|url=https://facultystaff.richmond.edu/~wgreen/Ecdtruman.htm|publisher=richmond.edu|accessdate=7 October 2013}}</ref>
The predecessor to the FCDA, the [[Office of Civilian Defense]] was abolished in June 1945 with the end of [[World War II]]. In the period between the end of the World War and 1949, when the [[Soviet Union]] detonated their first atomic weapon, little was given to the topic of civil defense. After the Soviets demonstration of their first atomic weapon there was a feeling of the need to do something throughout both the American public and government.<ref name=PBS-1>{{cite web|title=Laura McEnaney on: The Federal Civil Defense Administration|url=https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/bomb/filmmore/reference/interview/mcenaney01.html|publisher=PBS|accessdate=7 October 2013}}</ref> This led to, among many actions, the creation of the Federal Civil Defense Administration by President Harry S. Truman in 1950.<ref name=tru-edu>{{cite web|title=CIVIL DEFENSE: THE TRUMAN ADMINISTRATION|url=https://facultystaff.richmond.edu/~wgreen/Ecdtruman.htm|publisher=richmond.edu|access-date=7 October 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029191242/https://facultystaff.richmond.edu/~wgreen/Ecdtruman.htm|archive-date=29 October 2013|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="blue book">{{cite web |author1=Executive Office of the President |author2=National Security Resources Board |title=United States Civil Defense |url=https://ia802606.us.archive.org/11/items/unitedstatescivi1950rich/unitedstatescivi1950rich.pdf |publisher=United States Government Printing Office |access-date=20 March 2022 |location=Washington, D.C. |language=English |format=PDF |date=1950}}</ref>

A purported website address for this government organization (rendered as "The F.C.D.A.") was briefly referenced in the 1998 American science fiction film [[Deep_Impact_(film)|''Deep Impact'']] at time marks 0:54:26, and 1:18:50, using a fictional website listed in the movie audio monologue and subtitles as "http://fcda.gov/{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}". This seemingly fictional website (as used in the movie) has ''not'' been known to ever exist, and the Internet Archive and WHOIS databases carry no record of it being for any organization, government or otherwise.


==Administrators==
==Administrators==
{|class="wikitable sortable"
*[[Millard F. Caldwell|Millard Caldwell]], December 1, 1950 – November 15, 1952
|-
*[[James Jeremiah Wadsworth|Jerry Wadsworth]], November 15, 1952 – February 20, 1953 (Acting)
!Name
*[[Val Peterson]], February 19, 1953 – June 14, 1957 (Acting: February 19, 1953 – March 4, 1953)
!Start
*[[Lewis Berry]], June 14, 1957 – July 19, 1957 (Acting)
!End
*[[Leo Hoegh]], July 19, 1957 – July 1, 1958
!colspan=2 |President
|-
|{{sortname|Millard|Caldwell|Millard F. Caldwell}}
|{{dts|December 1, 1950}}
|{{dts|November 15, 1952}}
|rowspan=2 style="background: {{party color|Democratic Party (United States)}};" |
|rowspan=2 |{{sortname|Harry S.|Truman}}
|-
|{{sortname|Jerry|Wadsworth|James Jeremiah Wadsworth}}<br>{{small|Acting}}
|{{dts|November 15, 1952}}
|{{dts|February 19, 1953}}
|-
|{{sortname|Val|Peterson}}
|{{dts|February 20, 1953}}<br>{{small|Acting: February 19, 1953 – March 4, 1953}}
|{{dts|June 14, 1957}}
|rowspan=3 style="background: {{party color|Republican Party (United States)}};" |
|rowspan=3 |{{sortname|Dwight D.|Eisenhower}}
|-
|{{sortname|Lewis|Berry}}<br>{{small|Acting}}
|{{dts|June 14, 1957}}
|{{dts|July 19, 1957}}
|-
|{{sortname|Leo|Hoegh}}
|{{dts|July 19, 1957}}
|{{dts|July 1, 1958}}
|}


==See also==
==See also==
{{Wikisource|Executive Order 10350}}
*[[Federal Civil Defense Authority]]
*[[Federal Civil Defense Authority]]
*[[United States civil defense]]
*[[United States civil defense]]
*[[Duck and Cover (film)]]
*[[CONELRAD]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{authority control}}
{{Wikisource|Executive Order 10350}}


[[Category:Defunct agencies of the United States government]]
[[Category:Defunct agencies of the United States government]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1951]]
[[Category:Government agencies established in 1950]]
[[Category:United States civil defense]]
[[Category:United States civil defense]]
[[Category:1950 establishments in the United States]]




Latest revision as of 00:53, 7 March 2024

Federal Civil Defense Administration
Agency overview
FormedNovember 1, 1950; 73 years ago (1950-11-01)
Preceding
Dissolved1958; 66 years ago (1958)
Superseding agency
JurisdictionFederal government of the United States
HeadquartersWashington, D.C.
Key document

The Federal Civil Defense Administration (FCDA) was organized by President Harry S. Truman on December 1, 1950, through Executive Order 10186,[1] and became an official government agency via the Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950 on 12 January 1951.[2] In 1958 the FCDA was superseded by the Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization when President Dwight D. Eisenhower merged the FCDA with the Office of Defense Mobilization.[3]

In its early years, the agency focused on evacuation as a strategy.[2][3]

The FCDA was first headed by Millard Caldwell under Truman,[2] then Val Peterson under Eisenhower.[4]

Background[edit]

See also: United States civil defense

The predecessor to the FCDA, the Office of Civilian Defense was abolished in June 1945 with the end of World War II. In the period between the end of the World War and 1949, when the Soviet Union detonated their first atomic weapon, little was given to the topic of civil defense. After the Soviets demonstration of their first atomic weapon there was a feeling of the need to do something throughout both the American public and government.[5] This led to, among many actions, the creation of the Federal Civil Defense Administration by President Harry S. Truman in 1950.[6][7]

Administrators[edit]

Name Start End President
Millard Caldwell December 1, 1950 November 15, 1952 Harry S. Truman
Jerry Wadsworth
Acting 		November 15, 1952 February 19, 1953
Val Peterson February 20, 1953
Acting: February 19, 1953 – March 4, 1953 		June 14, 1957 Dwight D. Eisenhower
Lewis Berry
Acting 		June 14, 1957 July 19, 1957
Leo Hoegh July 19, 1957 July 1, 1958

See also[edit]

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

References[edit]

  1. ^ Peters, Gerhard; Woolley, John T. "Harry S. Truman, Executive Order 10186—Establishing the Federal Civil Defense Administration in the Office for Emergency Management of the Executive Office of the President". The American Presidency Project. University of California - Santa Barbara.
  2. ^ a b c Civil Defense: The Truman Administration (Entry 0113) Archived 2013-10-29 at the Wayback Machine from The Electronic Encyclopaedia of Civil Defense and Emergency Management edited by Walter G. Green III
  3. ^ a b Civil Defense: The Eisenhower Administration (Entry 0107) Archived 2012-05-31 at the Wayback Machine from The Electronic Encyclopaedia of Civil Defense and Emergency Management edited by Walter G. Green III
  4. ^ THE FEDERAL CIVIL DEFENSE AGENCY (FCDA) WOMEN DEFEND THE NATION (1950) from The Cold War Museum
  5. ^ "Laura McEnaney on: The Federal Civil Defense Administration". PBS. Retrieved 7 October 2013.
  6. ^ "CIVIL DEFENSE: THE TRUMAN ADMINISTRATION". richmond.edu. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 7 October 2013.
  7. ^ Executive Office of the President; National Security Resources Board (1950). "United States Civil Defense" (PDF). Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. Retrieved 20 March 2022.


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