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Corrected error that is was a plutonium device. It was a composite plutonium / uranium device.
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{{Infobox Nuclear weapons test
{{Infobox Nuclear weapons test
|name = RDS-4
|name = RDS-4
|picture =
|picture = RDS-4_Nuclear_bomb_Army-2022_2022-08-20_2453.jpg
|picture_description =
|picture_description = RDS-4 Tatyana
|country =Soviet Union
|country =Soviet Union
|test_site =[[Semipalatinsk Test Site]], [[Kazakh SSR]]
|test_site =[[Semipalatinsk Test Site]], [[Kazakh SSR]]
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|max_yield =Total yield {{convert|28|ktonTNT|lk=in}}
|max_yield =Total yield {{convert|28|ktonTNT|lk=in}}
|previous_test =''[[RDS-6s]]''
|previous_test =''[[RDS-6s]]''
|next_test =''RDS-5''
|next_test =''[[RDS-5]]''
}}
}}
'''RDS-4''' (also known as '''''Tatyana''''')<ref name="RDS-4">{{cite web|url=http://www.zavtra.ru/cgi/veil/data/zavtra/99/295/61.html |title=The Russian Atomic Bomb - 50 years - ''WebCite cache'' |date=July 27, 1999 |last=Mesnyankin |first=Petr |cite= |language=ru |deadurl=unfit |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/68tKQclUw |archivedate=July 3, 2012 }}</ref> was a Soviet nuclear bomb that was first tested at [[Semipalatinsk Test Site]], on August 23, 1953. The device weighed approximately 1200 kg (2646 lb). The device was approximately one-third the size of the [[RDS-3]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Bukharin|first=Oleg|last2=Kadyshev|first2=Timur|last3=Miasnikov|first3=Eugene|last4=Sutyagin|first4=Igor|last5=Tarasenko|first5=Maxim|last6=Zhelezov|first6=Boris|date=2001|editor-last=Podvig|editor-first=pavel|title=Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces|url=|journal=|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|publisher=The MIT Press|volume=|pages=}}</ref> The bomb was dropped from an [[Ilyushin Il-28|IL-28]] aircraft at an altitude of 11&nbsp;km and exploded at 600 m, with a yield of 28 kt.<ref name="RDS-4" /><ref name="Atomicforum" />
'''RDS-4''' (also known as '''''Tatyana''''')<ref name="RDS-4">{{cite web|url=http://www.zavtra.ru/cgi/veil/data/zavtra/99/295/61.html |title=The Russian Atomic Bomb – 50 years – ''WebCite cache'' |date=July 27, 1999 |last=Mesnyankin |first=Petr |language=ru |url-status=unfit |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225072844/http://www.zavtra.ru/cgi/veil/data/zavtra/99/295/61.html |archive-date=February 25, 2012 }}</ref> was a Soviet nuclear bomb that was first tested at [[Semipalatinsk Test Site]], on August 23, 1953. The device weighed approximately {{convert|1200|kg|0}}. The device was approximately one-third the size of the [[RDS-3]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bukharin|first1=Oleg|last2=Kadyshev|first2=Timur|last3=Miasnikov|first3=Eugene|last4=Sutyagin|first4=Igor|last5=Tarasenko|first5=Maxim|last6=Zhelezov|first6=Boris|date=2001|editor-last=Podvig|editor-first=pavel|title=Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|publisher=The MIT Press}}</ref> The bomb was dropped from an [[Ilyushin Il-28|IL-28]] aircraft at an altitude of {{convert|11|km|0}} and exploded at {{convert|600|m|0}}, with a yield of 28 kt.<ref name="RDS-4" /><ref name="Atomicforum" />


The [[Soviet Union]]'s first mass-produced [[tactical nuclear weapon]] was based on the RDS-4 and remained in service until 1966.<ref name="BukharinPodvig2004" /><ref name="BukharinPodvig2004">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CPRVbYDc-7kC&pg=PA72|title=Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces|last2=Podvig|first2=Pavel Leonardovich|date=January 2004|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=978-0-262-66181-2|pages=72–73|last1=Bukharin|first1=Oleg}}</ref> It used a composite core of 4.2kg Pu-239 and 6.8kg 90% enriched U-235 <ref name="russianforces">{{cite web |url=http://russianforces.org/blog/2012/10/interesting_document_on_soviet.shtml |title=Interesting document about Soviet nuclear tests in 1953 |cite= |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20170519101448/http://russianforces.org/blog/2012/10/interesting_document_on_soviet.shtml |archivedate= May 19, 2017}}</ref> and had a [[Nuclear weapons yield|nominal yield]] of 30 kilotons.<ref name="Atomicforum">{{cite web |url=http://www.atomicforum.org/russia/russiaweapons.html |title=Atomicforum:Soviet/Russian Nuclear Arsenal |cite= |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080317191459/http://www.atomicforum.org/russia/russiaweapons.html |archivedate= March 17, 2008 }}</ref> The bomb was delivered from a [[Tu-4]] and [[Tu-16]] aircraft.<ref name="Atomicforum" /> A tactical weapon based on the RDS-4 was also used on September 14, 1954 during [[Totskoye nuclear test|Snowball]] military exercise near [[Totskoye]] (similar to Western [[Desert Rock exercises|Desert Rock]] exercises), when the bomb was dropped by the [[Tupolev Tu-4|Tu-4 bomber]] (the copy of American [[Boeing B-29|B-29 bomber]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/nuclear/radevents/1954USSR1.html|title=Totskoye nuclear test, 1954|last=|first=|date=|website=www.johnstonsarchive.net|publisher=|access-date=2016-08-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/ethics/issues/scientific/human-nuclear-experiments.htm|title=Nuclear Files: Human Nuclear Experiments|last=Ong|first=Carah|date=|website=www.nuclearfiles.org|publisher=|access-date=2016-08-13}}</ref> The purpose of this exercise was not to test the bomb itself, but the ability of using it while breaking through enemy defenses (presumably in [[West Germany]]). After the explosion Soviet jet fighters were sent to fly through the mushroom cloud while tanks and infantry were forced to move through ground zero.
The [[Soviet Union]]'s first mass-produced [[tactical nuclear weapon]] was based on the RDS-4 and remained in service until 1966.<ref name="BukharinPodvig2004">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CPRVbYDc-7kC&pg=PA72|title=Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces|last2=Podvig|first2=Pavel Leonardovich|date=January 2004|publisher=MIT Press|isbn=978-0-262-66181-2|pages=72–73|last1=Bukharin|first1=Oleg}}</ref> It used a composite core of {{convert|4.2|kg|0}} Pu-239 and {{convert|6.8|kg|0}} 90% enriched U-235 <ref name="russianforces">{{cite journal |url=http://russianforces.org/blog/2012/10/interesting_document_on_soviet.shtml |title=Interesting document about Soviet nuclear tests in 1953 |journal=Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces |date=October 2012 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20170519101448/http://russianforces.org/blog/2012/10/interesting_document_on_soviet.shtml |archive-date= May 19, 2017|last1=Podvig |first1=Pavel }}</ref> and had a [[Nuclear weapons yield|nominal yield]] of 30 kilotons.<ref name="Atomicforum">{{cite web |url=http://www.atomicforum.org/russia/russiaweapons.html |title=Atomicforum:Soviet/Russian Nuclear Arsenal |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080317191459/http://www.atomicforum.org/russia/russiaweapons.html |archive-date= March 17, 2008 }}</ref> RDS-4 "Tatyana" turned out to be very compact - its weight (1200 kg) and dimensions were four times less than that of RDS-1, which allowed the new bomb to be taken into service not only by long-range aviation ([[Tupolev Tu-4]], [[Tupolev Tu-95]], [[Tupolev Tu-16]], [[Tupolev Tu-22]], [[Myasishchev M-4]], and [[Myasishchev 3M]]), but also front-line ([[Ilyushin Il-28]], [[Tupolev Tu-2]], [[Yakovlev Yak-26]], [[Yakovlev Yak-28]], [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-19]], and [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21]]). A tactical weapon based on the RDS-4 was also used on September 14, 1954 during [[Totskoye nuclear test|Snowball military exercise]] at the [[Totsky range]] (similar to Western [[Desert Rock exercises|Desert Rock]] exercises), when the bomb was dropped by the [[Tupolev Tu-4|Tu-4 bomber]] (the reverse-engineered [[Boeing B-29]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/nuclear/radevents/1954USSR1.html|title=Totskoye nuclear test, 1954|website=www.johnstonsarchive.net|access-date=2016-08-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/ethics/issues/scientific/human-nuclear-experiments.htm|title=Nuclear Files: Human Nuclear Experiments|last=Ong|first=Carah|website=www.nuclearfiles.org|access-date=2016-08-13|archive-date=2014-04-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140417151745/http://www.nuclearfiles.org/menu/key-issues/ethics/issues/scientific/human-nuclear-experiments.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> The purpose of this exercise was not to test the bomb itself, but the ability of using it while breaking through enemy defenses (presumably in [[West Germany]]). After the explosion Soviet jet fighters were sent to fly through the mushroom cloud while tanks and infantry were forced to move through ground zero.


==See also==
==See also==
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*[[Soviet atomic bomb project]]
*[[Soviet atomic bomb project]]
*[[RDS-3]]
*[[RDS-3]]
*[[RDS-37]]
*[[Mark 7 nuclear bomb]]
*[[Tsar Bomba|RDS-220]] (Tsar Bomba)


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}

{{Soviet nuclear weapons}}


[[Category:1953 in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:1953 in the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:1953 in military history]]
[[Category:Explosions in 1953]]
[[Category:August 1953 events in Asia]]
[[Category:Soviet nuclear weapons testing]]
[[Category:Soviet nuclear weapons testing]]
[[Category:Nuclear bombs of the Soviet Union]]
[[Category:Nuclear bombs of the Soviet Union]]

Latest revision as of 06:23, 3 April 2024

RDS-4
RDS-4 Tatyana
Information
CountrySoviet Union
Test siteSemipalatinsk Test Site, Kazakh SSR
PeriodAugust 1953
Number of tests1
Test typeAtmospheric Test
Device typeFission
Max. yieldTotal yield 28 kilotons of TNT (120 TJ)
Test chronology
← RDS-6s
RDS-5 →

RDS-4 (also known as Tatyana)[1] was a Soviet nuclear bomb that was first tested at Semipalatinsk Test Site, on August 23, 1953. The device weighed approximately 1,200 kilograms (2,646 lb). The device was approximately one-third the size of the RDS-3.[2] The bomb was dropped from an IL-28 aircraft at an altitude of 11 kilometres (7 mi) and exploded at 600 metres (1,969 ft), with a yield of 28 kt.[1][3]

The Soviet Union's first mass-produced tactical nuclear weapon was based on the RDS-4 and remained in service until 1966.[4] It used a composite core of 4.2 kilograms (9 lb) Pu-239 and 6.8 kilograms (15 lb) 90% enriched U-235 [5] and had a nominal yield of 30 kilotons.[3] RDS-4 "Tatyana" turned out to be very compact - its weight (1200 kg) and dimensions were four times less than that of RDS-1, which allowed the new bomb to be taken into service not only by long-range aviation (Tupolev Tu-4, Tupolev Tu-95, Tupolev Tu-16, Tupolev Tu-22, Myasishchev M-4, and Myasishchev 3M), but also front-line (Ilyushin Il-28, Tupolev Tu-2, Yakovlev Yak-26, Yakovlev Yak-28, Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-19, and Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21). A tactical weapon based on the RDS-4 was also used on September 14, 1954 during Snowball military exercise at the Totsky range (similar to Western Desert Rock exercises), when the bomb was dropped by the Tu-4 bomber (the reverse-engineered Boeing B-29).[6][7] The purpose of this exercise was not to test the bomb itself, but the ability of using it while breaking through enemy defenses (presumably in West Germany). After the explosion Soviet jet fighters were sent to fly through the mushroom cloud while tanks and infantry were forced to move through ground zero.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b Mesnyankin, Petr (July 27, 1999). "The Russian Atomic Bomb – 50 years – WebCite cache" (in Russian). Archived from the original on February 25, 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  2. ^ Bukharin, Oleg; Kadyshev, Timur; Miasnikov, Eugene; Sutyagin, Igor; Tarasenko, Maxim; Zhelezov, Boris (2001). Podvig, pavel (ed.). "Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces". Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. ^ a b "Atomicforum:Soviet/Russian Nuclear Arsenal". Archived from the original on March 17, 2008.
  4. ^ Bukharin, Oleg; Podvig, Pavel Leonardovich (January 2004). Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces. MIT Press. pp. 72–73. ISBN 978-0-262-66181-2.
  5. ^ Podvig, Pavel (October 2012). "Interesting document about Soviet nuclear tests in 1953". Russian Strategic Nuclear Forces. Archived from the original on May 19, 2017.
  6. ^ "Totskoye nuclear test, 1954". www.johnstonsarchive.net. Retrieved 2016-08-13.
  7. ^ Ong, Carah. "Nuclear Files: Human Nuclear Experiments". www.nuclearfiles.org. Archived from the original on 2014-04-17. Retrieved 2016-08-13.
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