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{{Short description|Climatological research organization}}
{{Infobox organization
{{Infobox organization
|name = World Climate Research Programme
|name = World Climate Research Programme
|logo = World Climate Research Programme logo.png
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|leader_name =
|leader_name =
|main_organ =
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|parent_organization = [[World Meteorological Organization]]
|parent_organization = The [[World Meteorological Organization]], the [[International Council for Science]] and the [[Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission]]
|affiliations =
|affiliations =
|num_staff =
|num_staff =
|num_volunteers =
|num_volunteers =
|budget =
|budget =
|website = [http://wcrp-climate.org/ WCRP Official website]
|website = {{URL|https://wcrp-climate.org/}}
|remarks =
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}}
}}


The '''World Climate Research Programme''' ('''WCRP''') is an international programme that helps to coordinate global [[climate research]].<ref name=munn>{{cite book |last1=Munn |first1=R.E. |last2=la Rivière |first2=J.W.M. |last3=van Lookeren Campagne |first3=N. |date=1996 |title=Policy Making in an Era of Global Environmental Change |publisher=Springer Science & Business Media}}</ref> The WCRP was established in 1980, under the joint sponsorship of the [[World Meteorological Organization]] (WMO) and the [[International Council for Science]] (ICSU), and has also been sponsored by the [[Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission]] (IOC) of [[UNESCO]] since 1993.<ref name=agreement>{{cite web |url=https://www.wcrp-climate.org/about/WCRP_Sponsors'_Agreement_1993.pdf |title=1993 WCRP - Agreement between the World Meteorological Organization, the International Council of Scientific Unions and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission on the World Climate Research Programme |publisher=WMO, ICSU and IOC/UNESCO |date=1993}}</ref>
The '''World Climate Research Programme''' (WCRP) was established in 1980, under the joint sponsorship of [[International Council for Science]] and the [[World Meteorological Organization]], and has also been sponsored by the [[Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission]] of [[UNESCO]] since 1993. It is a component of the [[World Climate Programme]]. The objectives of the programme are to develop the fundamental scientific understanding of the physical [[climate]] system and climate processes needed to determine to what extent climate can be predicted and the extent of human influence on climate. The programme encompasses studies of the [[Earth's atmosphere|global atmosphere]], [[ocean]]s, [[sea ice]], land ice (such as [[glacier]]s, [[ice cap]]s and [[ice sheet]]s), and the land surface which together constitute the Earth's physical climate system.


The programme is funded by its three sponsors and additional contributions by nation states or other donors.<ref name=review>{{cite web |url=https://www.preventionweb.net/publications/view/13294 |title=ICSU-WMO-IOC-IGFA Review of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) |publisher=International Council for Science |date=2009}}</ref> WCRP uses these funds to organize science workshops or conferences and support collaboration between climate scientists at an international level. Its expert groups also develop international standards for climate data and propose future emphasis areas in international climate research, among others.
WCRP activities address issues of scientific uncertainty in the Earth's climate system including transport and storage of heat by the ocean, the global energy and [[Water cycle|hydrological cycle]], the formation of [[clouds]] and their effects on radiative transfer, and the role of the [[cryosphere]] in climate. These activities match the scientific priorities identified by the [[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]], and provide the basis for responding to issues raised in the [[United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change]]. WCRP also lays the scientific foundation for meeting the research challenges posed in Agenda 21. Together with the [[International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme]] and the [[International Human Dimensions of Global Environmental Change Programme]], WCRP provides the international framework for scientific cooperation in the study of global [[climate change]].


== History ==
Scientific guidance for the programme is provided by a Joint Scientific Committee consisting of 18 scientists selected by mutual agreement between the three sponsoring organizations.
The World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) came into existence in 1980, with the [[International Science Council]] (ISC)—known as the [[International Council for Science]] (ICSU) until its reorganization in July 2018—and the [[World Meteorological Organization]] (WMO) acting as its founding sponsors. The sponsorship circle widened in 1993 when the [[Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission]] (IOC) of [[UNESCO]] joined as a sponsor.


Over a span of more than 40 years, the WCRP has been instrumental in propelling the advancement of climate science. It has fostered the ability of climate scientists to monitor, simulate, and forecast the global climate with unparalleled accuracy. This has led to the provision of essential climate information that aids policy and decision-making, as well as supports various practical applications for end-users across multiple sectors. The significance of the WCRP's contributions is documented in celebratory publications such as the "25th Anniversary Brochure,"<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://www.wcrp-climate.org/about/WCRP-25-years-of-science-serving-society.pdf |title=World Climate Research Programme: 25 years of science serving society |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |year=2005 |language=English}}</ref> the "WCRP Film: 40 years of international climate science,"<ref>{{Cite web |title=WCRP Film: 40 years of international climate science |url=https://www.wcrp-climate.org/about-wcrp/wcrpfilm |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=www.wcrp-climate.org}}</ref> and articles like "The World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) celebrates its 40th anniversary."<ref>{{Cite web |title=The World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) celebrates its 40th anniversary |url=https://www.wcrp-climate.org/wcrp-agu2019/wcrp40/wcrp40-article |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=www.wcrp-climate.org |language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://www.wcrp-climate.org/about-wcrp/about-history |access-date=2024-03-23 |website=www.wcrp-climate.org}}</ref>
==Major Projects==

* http://www.sparc-climate.org/ [[Stratosphere-troposphere Processes And their Role in Climate]] (SPARC)
== Mandate ==
* http://isccp.giss.nasa.gov/ [[International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project]] (ISCCP)

* http://clic.npolar.no/ Climate and Cryosphere (CliC)
WCRP's objective is stated as "a better understanding of the climate system and the causes of climate variability and change" and "to determine the predictability of climate; and to determine the effect of human activities on climate".<ref name="agreement" /> In practice, the programme aims to foster initiatives in climate research which require or benefit from international coordination and which are unlikely to emerge from national efforts alone.<ref name="munn" /><ref name=grassl>{{cite web |url=https://www.clisap.de/discover/reading-matter/climate-interviews/interview-with-hartmut-grassl/interview-with-hartmut-grassl-page-1-2/ |title=Interview with Prof. Hartmut Graßl, former WCRP Director |publisher=CLISAP}}</ref> The programme does not fund climate research directly, but may at times exchange views with research funding agencies on global research priorities.<ref name="munn" /><ref name="grassl" />
* http://www.clivar.org/ Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR)

* http://www.gewex.org/ Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment ([[GEWEX]])
== Structure ==

The largest group of contributors to WCRP are several thousands of climate scientists from around the world who offer their expertise and time as volunteers to, for example, help organize workshops in key areas of research, lay out avenues for future research in [[white paper]] articles, and serve on WCRP science or advisory boards.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Asrar |first1=G.R. |last2=Hurrell |first2=J.W. |last3=Busalacchi |first3=A.J. |editor1-last=Asrar |editor1-first=G.R. |editor2-last=Hurrell |editor2-first=J.W. |title=Climate Science for Serving Society |publisher=Springer Netherlands |date=2013 |pages=1–12 |chapter=The World Climate Research Program Strategy and Priorities: Next Decade}}</ref> Official scientific guidance for the programme is provided by a Joint Scientific Committee (JSC) consisting of 18 volunteer scientists selected by mutual agreement between the three sponsoring organizations.<ref name=review2017>{{cite web |url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0025/002562/256218e.pdf |title=Report of and update on the WMO-IOC-ICSU World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) and its review by its sponsors |publisher=IOC/UNESCO Information Document |date=2017}}</ref> Everyday operations are supported by a secretariat of around 8 full-time staff, hosted by the [[World Meteorological Organization]] in Geneva.

== Activities and projects ==

WCRP's largest activities are its four "Core Projects" (called [[Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate|SPARC]], [[CLIVAR]], [[CliC]], and [[Global Energy and Water Exchanges|GEWEX]]),<ref name="review2017" /> which support climate research on the global atmosphere, oceans, the [[cryosphere]], and the land surface (together constituting the Earth's physical climate system) as well as interactions and exchanges between them. Each Core Project again has a structure similar to that of WCRP itself, namely contributing scientists, a scientific steering group, and a secretariat ("international project office") hosted by individual countries.

The programme further maintains topical working groups and advisory councils on climate data, climate modelling, subseasonal-to-decadal climate prediction, and regional climate modelling.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dkn-future-earth.org/data/mediapool/wcrp_implementation_plan.pdf |title=The World Climate Research Programme Implementation Plan 2010-2015 |publisher=World Meteorological Organization |date=2017 |number= WMO/TD-No. 1503}}</ref> Additional "Grand Challenges" target specific questions of societal interest within climate science.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.wcrp-climate.org/grand-challenges/grand-challenges-overview |title=Overview of the WCRP Grand Challenges}}</ref>

One particular output by a WCRP task team is the [[Coupled Model Intercomparison Project]], which standardizes and coordinates regular comparisons of the world's climate models<ref>{{cite web |url=https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/mips/cmip/about-cmip.html |title=About the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP)}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last=Eyring |first=V.|display-authors=etal |date=2016 |title=Overview of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) experimental design and organization |journal=Geoscientific Model Development |volume=9 |issue=5 |pages=1937–1958 |doi=10.5194/gmd-9-1937-2016 |doi-access=free |url=https://www.geosci-model-dev.net/9/1937/2016/|hdl=11858/00-001M-0000-002A-31FA-8 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> and which provides an important basis for the IPCC Assessment Reports' climate projections.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pachauri |first1=R.K. |last2=Dahe |first2=Q. |last3=Stocker |first3=T.F. |editor1-last=Stocker |editor1-first=T.F.|display-editors=etal |title=Climate Change 2013 The Physical Science Basis Working Group I Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |publisher=Springer Netherlands |date=2013 |chapter=Foreword |url=http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/}}</ref>

===Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate===
'''Stratosphere-troposphere Processes and their Role in Climate''' (SPARC) is a core project of the programme. Founded in 1992, SPARC has coordinated high-level research activities related to understanding Earth system processes for over two decades. More specifically, SPARC promotes and facilitates cutting-edge international research activities on how chemical and physical processes in [[Atmosphere of Earth|the atmosphere]] interact with climate and climate change.


==See also==
==See also==
*[[World Meteorological Organization]] (WMO)
*[[Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project]] (AMIP)
*[[International Council for Science]] (ICSU)
*[[David Carson (climatologist)]]
*[[Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission]] (IOC/UNESCO)
*[[Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere program]]
*[[Coupled model intercomparison project]] (CMIP)
*[[Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere program]] (TOGA)
*[[Global Climate Observing System]] (GCOS)
*[[Future Earth]]
*[[Group on Earth Observations]] (GEO)
*[[Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change]] (IPCC)

== References ==
<!--- See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags, these references will then appear here automatically -->
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.wcrp-climate.org/ Official website]
* [http://www.sparc-climate.org/ SPARC home page]

{{Authority control}}


[[Category:Climatological research organizations]]
==External links==
[[Category:Climate institutions and programs]]
[[Category:International organisations based in Switzerland]]
[[Category:International scientific organizations]]
[[Category:Scientific organizations established in 1980]]
[[Category:Scientific organizations established in 1980]]

Latest revision as of 03:48, 6 May 2024

World Climate Research Programme
AbbreviationWCRP
Formation1980; 44 years ago (1980)
TypeINGO
Region served
Worldwide
Official language
English
Parent organization
The World Meteorological Organization, the International Council for Science and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission
Websitewcrp-climate.org

The World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) is an international programme that helps to coordinate global climate research.[1] The WCRP was established in 1980, under the joint sponsorship of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the International Council for Science (ICSU), and has also been sponsored by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO since 1993.[2]

The programme is funded by its three sponsors and additional contributions by nation states or other donors.[3] WCRP uses these funds to organize science workshops or conferences and support collaboration between climate scientists at an international level. Its expert groups also develop international standards for climate data and propose future emphasis areas in international climate research, among others.

History[edit]

The World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) came into existence in 1980, with the International Science Council (ISC)—known as the International Council for Science (ICSU) until its reorganization in July 2018—and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) acting as its founding sponsors. The sponsorship circle widened in 1993 when the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO joined as a sponsor.

Over a span of more than 40 years, the WCRP has been instrumental in propelling the advancement of climate science. It has fostered the ability of climate scientists to monitor, simulate, and forecast the global climate with unparalleled accuracy. This has led to the provision of essential climate information that aids policy and decision-making, as well as supports various practical applications for end-users across multiple sectors. The significance of the WCRP's contributions is documented in celebratory publications such as the "25th Anniversary Brochure,"[4] the "WCRP Film: 40 years of international climate science,"[5] and articles like "The World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) celebrates its 40th anniversary."[6][7]

Mandate[edit]

WCRP's objective is stated as "a better understanding of the climate system and the causes of climate variability and change" and "to determine the predictability of climate; and to determine the effect of human activities on climate".[2] In practice, the programme aims to foster initiatives in climate research which require or benefit from international coordination and which are unlikely to emerge from national efforts alone.[1][8] The programme does not fund climate research directly, but may at times exchange views with research funding agencies on global research priorities.[1][8]

Structure[edit]

The largest group of contributors to WCRP are several thousands of climate scientists from around the world who offer their expertise and time as volunteers to, for example, help organize workshops in key areas of research, lay out avenues for future research in white paper articles, and serve on WCRP science or advisory boards.[9] Official scientific guidance for the programme is provided by a Joint Scientific Committee (JSC) consisting of 18 volunteer scientists selected by mutual agreement between the three sponsoring organizations.[10] Everyday operations are supported by a secretariat of around 8 full-time staff, hosted by the World Meteorological Organization in Geneva.

Activities and projects[edit]

WCRP's largest activities are its four "Core Projects" (called SPARC, CLIVAR, CliC, and GEWEX),[10] which support climate research on the global atmosphere, oceans, the cryosphere, and the land surface (together constituting the Earth's physical climate system) as well as interactions and exchanges between them. Each Core Project again has a structure similar to that of WCRP itself, namely contributing scientists, a scientific steering group, and a secretariat ("international project office") hosted by individual countries.

The programme further maintains topical working groups and advisory councils on climate data, climate modelling, subseasonal-to-decadal climate prediction, and regional climate modelling.[11] Additional "Grand Challenges" target specific questions of societal interest within climate science.[12]

One particular output by a WCRP task team is the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, which standardizes and coordinates regular comparisons of the world's climate models[13][14] and which provides an important basis for the IPCC Assessment Reports' climate projections.[15]

Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate[edit]

Stratosphere-troposphere Processes and their Role in Climate (SPARC) is a core project of the programme. Founded in 1992, SPARC has coordinated high-level research activities related to understanding Earth system processes for over two decades. More specifically, SPARC promotes and facilitates cutting-edge international research activities on how chemical and physical processes in the atmosphere interact with climate and climate change.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c Munn, R.E.; la Rivière, J.W.M.; van Lookeren Campagne, N. (1996). Policy Making in an Era of Global Environmental Change. Springer Science & Business Media.
  2. ^ a b "1993 WCRP - Agreement between the World Meteorological Organization, the International Council of Scientific Unions and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission on the World Climate Research Programme" (PDF). WMO, ICSU and IOC/UNESCO. 1993.
  3. ^ "ICSU-WMO-IOC-IGFA Review of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP)". International Council for Science. 2009.
  4. ^ World Climate Research Programme: 25 years of science serving society (PDF). World Meteorological Organization. 2005.
  5. ^ "WCRP Film: 40 years of international climate science". www.wcrp-climate.org. Retrieved 2024-03-23.
  6. ^ "The World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) celebrates its 40th anniversary". www.wcrp-climate.org. Retrieved 2024-03-23.
  7. ^ "History". www.wcrp-climate.org. Retrieved 2024-03-23.
  8. ^ a b "Interview with Prof. Hartmut Graßl, former WCRP Director". CLISAP.
  9. ^ Asrar, G.R.; Hurrell, J.W.; Busalacchi, A.J. (2013). "The World Climate Research Program Strategy and Priorities: Next Decade". In Asrar, G.R.; Hurrell, J.W. (eds.). Climate Science for Serving Society. Springer Netherlands. pp. 1–12.
  10. ^ a b "Report of and update on the WMO-IOC-ICSU World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) and its review by its sponsors" (PDF). IOC/UNESCO Information Document. 2017.
  11. ^ "The World Climate Research Programme Implementation Plan 2010-2015" (PDF). World Meteorological Organization. 2017.
  12. ^ "Overview of the WCRP Grand Challenges".
  13. ^ "About the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP)".
  14. ^ Eyring, V.; et al. (2016). "Overview of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) experimental design and organization". Geoscientific Model Development. 9 (5): 1937–1958. doi:10.5194/gmd-9-1937-2016. hdl:11858/00-001M-0000-002A-31FA-8.
  15. ^ Pachauri, R.K.; Dahe, Q.; Stocker, T.F. (2013). "Foreword". In Stocker, T.F.; et al. (eds.). Climate Change 2013 The Physical Science Basis Working Group I Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Springer Netherlands.

External links[edit]