Eruca sativa: Difference between revisions
Content deleted Content added
No edit summary |
rcat |
||
| (454 intermediate revisions by more than 100 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
#REDIRECT [[Eruca vesicaria]] |
|||
{{Taxobox |
|||
| name = ''Eruca sativa'' |
|||
| image = Eruca February 2008-1.jpg |
|||
| image_width = 240px |
|||
| regnum = [[Plantae]] |
|||
| divisio = [[Magnoliophyta]] |
|||
| classis = [[Magnoliopsida]] |
|||
| ordo = [[Brassicales]] |
|||
| familia = [[Brassicaceae]] |
|||
| genus = ''[[Eruca]]'' |
|||
| species = '''''E. sativa''''' |
|||
| binomial = ''Eruca sativa'' |
|||
| binomial_authority = [[Philip Miller|Mill.]] |
|||
}} |
|||
{{R from merge}} |
|||
'''''Eruca sativa''''' (syn. ''E. vesicaria'' subsp. ''sativa'' (Miller) Thell., ''Brassica eruca'' L.), also known as '''arugula''' or '''rocket''', is an edible plant. It is a species of ''[[Eruca]]'' native to the [[Mediterranean region]], from [[Morocco]] and [[Portugal]] east to [[Jordan]] and [[Turkey]].<ref name=mc>Med-Checklist: [http://ww2.bgbm.org/mcl/PTaxonDetail.asp?NameId=23937&PTRefFk=1275 ''Eruca sativa'']</ref><ref name=blamey>Blamey, M. & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989). ''Flora of Britain and Northern Europe''. ISBN 0-340-40170-2</ref> It is closely related to ''[[Eruca vesicaria]]'' and included by some botanists in that either as a [[subspecies]] ''E. vesicaria'' subsp. ''sativa''<ref name=fnwe>Flora of NW Europe: [http://ip30.eti.uva.nl/BIS/flora.php?selected=beschrijving&menuentry=soorten&id=2395 ''Eruca vesicaria'']</ref> or not distinguished at all;<ref name=fe>Flora Europaea: [http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/cgi-bin/nph-readbtree.pl/feout?FAMILY_XREF=&GENUS_XREF=Eruca&SPECIES_XREF=&TAXON_NAME_XREF=&RANK= ''Eruca'']</ref> it can be distinguished from ''E. vesicaria'' by its early deciduous [[sepal]]s.<ref name=fnwe/> |
|||
{{R from alternative scientific name|plant}} |
|||
[[Image:Rocket Salad, Arugula, Roquette, Rucola, Rugula (Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa).jpg|left|thumb|Seed pods]] |
|||
It is an [[annual plant]] growing to 20–100 cm tall. The [[leaf|leaves]] are deeply pinnately lobed with four to ten small lateral lobes and a large terminal lobe. The [[flower]]s are 2–4 cm diameter, arranged in a [[Inflorescence#Simple_inflorescences|corymb]], with the typical [[Brassicaceae]] flower structure; the petals are creamy white with purple veins, and the stamens yellow; the sepals are shed soon after the flower opens. The [[fruit]] is a [[Siliqua (plant)|siliqua]] (pod) 12–35 mm long with an apical beak, and containing several [[seed]]s (which are edible). The species has a [[chromosome]] number of 2''n'' = 22.<ref name=blamey/><ref name=fnwe/><ref name=rhs>Huxley, A., ed. (1992). ''New RHS Dictionary of Gardening''. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-47494-5.</ref> |
|||
Vernacular names include '''Garden Rocket''',<ref name=fnwe/> '''Rocket''',<ref name=blamey/> '''Eruca''',<ref name=blamey/> '''Rocketsalad''',<ref name=usda>USDA Plants Profile: [http://plants.usda.gov/java/profile?symbol=ERVES ''Eruca vesicaria'' subsp. ''sativa'']</ref> '''Arugula''' (American English), '''Rucola''' (Italian),<ref name=oed/><ref name=collsan>Collins Sansoni Italian Dictionary (3rd Ed, 1988)</ref> '''Rugola''' (Italian), '''Rauke''' (German), '''Roquette''' (French), '''Rokka''' (Greek), '''Ruca''' (Catalan), '''Beharki ''' (Basque), '''Oruga''' and '''Arúgula''' (Spanish), '''Rúcula''' (Portuguese), '''Ruchetta''' (Italian)<ref name=collsan/> and '''Rughetta''' (Italian). The term ''arugula'' (variations of Italian dialects around ''arigola'') is used by the Italian diaspora in Australia and North America and from there picked up as a [[loan word]] to a varying degree in American and Australian English, particularly in culinary usage. The names ultimately all derive from the Latin word ''eruca'', a name for an unspecified plant in the family Brassicaceae, probably a type of [[cabbage]].<ref name=oed>''[[Oxford English Dictionary]]''</ref> |
|||
==Ecology== |
|||
It typically grows on dry, disturbed ground.<ref name=blamey/><ref name=fnwe/> |
|||
The leaves are used as a food by the [[larva]]e of some [[Lepidoptera]] species, including [[Garden Carpet]]. |
|||
==Cultivation and uses== |
|||
[[Image:Eruca sativa 1 IP0206101.jpg|left|thumb|A row of ''Eruca sativa'' planted in a vegetable bed]] |
|||
It is used as a [[leaf vegetable]], which looks like a longer leaved and open [[lettuce]]. It is rich in [[vitamin C]] and [[potassium]]<ref>NutritionData.com, [http://www.nutritiondata.com/facts-C00001-01c20mn.html Arugula, Raw]</ref>. It is frequently cultivated, although domestication cannot be considered complete. It has been grown in the [[Mediterranean area]] since [[Roman empire|Roman]] times, and was considered an [[aphrodisiac]]. Before the 1990s it was usually collected in the wild and was not cultivated on a large scale or researched scientifically. In addition to the leaves, the flowers (often used in salads as an edible garnish), young seed pods and mature seeds are all edible. In India, the mature seeds are known as [[gargeer]]. |
|||
It is now cultivated in various places, especially in [[Veneto]], [[Italy]], but is available throughout the world. It is also locally [[naturalisation (biology)|naturalised]] away from its native range in temperate regions around the world, including northern Europe and North America.<ref name=blamey/><ref name=usda/> |
|||
It has a rich, peppery taste, and is exceptionally strongly flavoured for a leafy green. It is generally used in [[salad]]s but also cooked as a vegetable with [[pasta]]s or meats and in coastal [[Slovenia]] (especially [[Koper]]), it is added to the cheese [[burek]]. In [[Italy]], it is often used in [[pizza]]s, added just before the baking period ends or immediately afterwards, so that it can wilt in the heat. It is sometimes used as an ingredient in [[pesto]], either in addition to [[basil]] or as a (non-traditional) substitute. |
|||
On the island of Ischia in the Gulf of Naples, a [[digestif|digestive alcohol]] called ''rucolino'' is made from the plant, a drink often enjoyed in small quantities following a meal. The liquor is a local specialty enjoyed in the same way as a limoncello or grappa and has a sweet peppery taste that washes down easily. |
|||
==References== |
|||
{{commons|Eruca sativa}} |
|||
{{Cookbook|Arugula}} |
|||
{{reflist}} |
|||
[[Category:Brassicaceae]] |
|||
[[Category:Leaf vegetables]] |
|||
[[ar:جرجير]] |
|||
[[ca:Ruca]] |
|||
[[da:Rucola]] |
|||
[[de:Rucola]] |
|||
[[el:Ρόκα (φυτό)]] |
|||
[[es:Rúcula]] |
|||
[[es:Oruga (planta)]] |
|||
[[fr:Roquette (plante)]] |
|||
[[it:Eruca sativa]] |
|||
[[mt:Aruka]] |
|||
[[nl:Rucola]] |
|||
[[ja:ルッコラ]] |
|||
[[no:Ruccola]] |
|||
[[pl:Rokietta siewna]] |
|||
[[pt:Rúcula]] |
|||
[[ro:Voinicică]] |
|||
[[fi:Sinappikaali]] |
|||
[[sv:Rucola]] |
|||
Latest revision as of 16:12, 8 August 2019
Redirect to:
- From a merge: This is a redirect from a page that was merged into another page. This redirect was kept in order to preserve the edit history of this page after its content was merged into the content of the target page. Please do not remove the tag that generates this text (unless the need to recreate content on this page has been demonstrated) or delete this page.
- For redirects with substantive page histories that did not result from page merges use {{R with history}} instead.
- From alternative scientific name of a plant: This is a redirect from an alternative scientific name of a plant (or group of plants) to the accepted scientific name.