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Question about Gary Barnett and rewriting copyright violations
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See also:
{{Talk header|WT:C|WT:COPY}}

{{Policy talk}}
* [[Wikipedia talk:Copyrights/archive]]
{{Tmbox|text='''Related''':
* [[Wikipedia talk:Copyrights/archive2]]
* '''[[Wikipedia:Media copyright questions]]''' - ask all questions about whether you can use an image here
* [[Wikipedia talk:Copyrights/archive3]] (Feb-Jul 2004)
* [[Wikipedia talk:Copyrights/archive4]] (Aug 2004 - May 2005)
* [[Wikipedia talk:Image use policy/copyright]] - image related discussion
* [[Wikipedia talk:Copyrights/Credit repair]] - case study relating to external links and attribution
* [[Wikipedia talk:Copyrights/Credit repair]] - case study relating to external links and attribution
* [[Wikipedia talk:Copyrights/Can I use...]] - asking the question: "can I use [source] on Wikipedia?"
* [[Wikipedia talk:GFDL History (unofficial)]]
* [[Wikipedia talk:Copyright violations on history pages]]
* [[Wikipedia talk:Copyright violations on history pages]]
* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Copyright Cleanup/How to clean copyright infringements|WikiProject Copyright Cleanup]] – '''see how you can help'''
[[File:Commons-logo.svg|x16px|link=|alt=]] [[Commons:Commons:Licensing|Commons:Licensing]] – Related at Wikimedia Commons
}}
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==Edit request==
== Church denomination logo ==
{{Edit fully-protected|Wikipedia:Copyrights|answered=yes}}
I would like to use the Cross Triumphant logo of the [[United Church of Christ]] on the UCC article. The UCC website [http://www.ucc.org/aboutus/ucclogo.htm] says that it is trademarked. I know next to nothing about copyright and trademark legislation. Please advise: will I have to write to ask for permission, or will it fall under fair use?
The page states, {{tq|However, if you know or reasonably suspect that an external Web site is carrying a work in violation of the creator's copyright, do not link to that copy of the work}} The creator is not always the copyright holder. I believe that this section is actually intended to prohibit linking to works posted in violation of copyright regardless of who holds the copyright. Therefore, I suggest rephrasing to: {{tq|However, if you know or reasonably suspect that an external Web site is carrying a work '''without the permission of the copyright holder''', do not link to that copy of the work}} ([[User talk:Buidhe|t]] &#183; [[Special:Contributions/Buidhe|c]]) '''[[User:buidhe|<span style="color: black">buidhe</span>]]''' 22:45, 10 October 2023 (UTC)
: {{done}} [[User:Pppery|* Pppery *]] [[User talk:Pppery|<sub style="color:#800000">it has begun...</sub>]] 00:13, 11 October 2023 (UTC)


::Hi {{ping|buidhe|Pppery}} I think this has the potential to cause more confusion than it solves - explicit permission isn't always needed (eg when it's CC licensed) and people often misunderstand that. Would suggest the much simpler solution to the issue buidhe raises would be to just strike "the creator's" from the original wording. [[User:Nikkimaria|Nikkimaria]] ([[User talk:Nikkimaria|talk]]) 00:32, 11 October 2023 (UTC)
Thanks very much [[User:Aliceinlampyland|aliceinlampyland]] 14:44, 9 September 2005 (UTC)
::: I would think that a CC license is the copyright holder giving permission. [[User:Pppery|* Pppery *]] [[User talk:Pppery|<sub style="color:#800000">it has begun...</sub>]] 00:32, 11 October 2023 (UTC)


:You could probably use it under the {{logo}} tag (fair use). --[[User:bjwebb|βjweþþ]] <small>([[User talk:Bjwebb|talk]])</small> 14:12, 6 November 2005 (UTC)
::::I would agree, but unfortunately not everyone understands that ;-) and if we have the opportunity to avoid that confusion, that is preferable. [[User:Nikkimaria|Nikkimaria]] ([[User talk:Nikkimaria|talk]]) 00:35, 11 October 2023 (UTC)
:::::I did think of this hypothetical confusion, but the previous one is already causing issues since people assume it's OK to link a postprint research paper posted by an author. ([[User talk:Buidhe|t]] &#183; [[Special:Contributions/Buidhe|c]]) '''[[User:buidhe|<span style="color: black">buidhe</span>]]''' 01:01, 11 October 2023 (UTC)


::::::Which is why I think just removing creator fixes it - it's an issue of violating copyright no matter who holds that copyright. [[User:Nikkimaria|Nikkimaria]] ([[User talk:Nikkimaria|talk]]) 01:05, 11 October 2023 (UTC)
== State government works not necessarily PD!! ==


::::::Reopening, per above. [[User:Nikkimaria|Nikkimaria]] ([[User talk:Nikkimaria|talk]]) 04:05, 15 October 2023 (UTC)
I noticed that the DYK template now has a drawing of some [[grunion]] made by the California Department of Fish and Game. The drawing has a template claiming that works of the California government enter the public domain. IANYAL, but I assure you that states do have the right to protect works of their government employees by copyright. Someone, preferably a California lawyer, needs to check whether the California state government claims copyright on works of its employees. [[User:Dale Arnett|Dale Arnett]] 17:09, 4 Jun 2005 (UTC)
:{{done}}<!-- Template:EP --> [[User:UtherSRG|UtherSRG]] [[User_talk:UtherSRG|(talk)]] 18:27, 16 October 2023 (UTC)


== Is it OK to link to photo archives? ==
:As I pointed out to [[User:Dale Arnett|Dale Arnett]]: The images were clearly tagged with [[Template:PD-CAGov]], and the image descriptions gave the URLs for where they came from. From there, it is not too hard to find their copyright status [http://www.dfg.ca.gov/html/conditions.html]. ALL text on the Cal. F&G website is in the [[public domain]] (just as almost every bit of written information from the [[State of California]]). The photos on their website may not be, but the drawings I used appear to be produced specifically for the Cal. F&G and therefore should also be PD. [[User:BlankVerse|<font color=green>''Blank''</font><font color= #F88017>''Verse''</font>]]<font color=#2554C7> </font>[[User talk:BlankVerse|<font color=#F660AB>&empty;</font> ]] 03:12, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)


To use a copyrighted photo as a ref to support a fact. I know that photos make poor refs, but they're allowable I think. The last paragraph of [[WP:COPYLINK]] is the part of the rule that comes closest addresseing this I think, and it says:
== how can I protect myself? ==


{{talkquote|Context is also important; it may be acceptable to link to a reputable website's review of a particular film, even if it presents a still from the film (such uses are generally either explicitly permitted by distributors or allowed under fair use). '''However, linking directly to the still of the film removes the context and the site's justification for permitted use or fair use.'''}}
I have several poems on my user page, and I would like reassurance that they cannot be stolen and discredited. They are not published in any way other than privet viewings by my close friends and reletives. I wish to share them, but not lose credit for them.


Alright, if you want to prove that Joe Shmoe starred in (or was said to star in anyway) some movie, and you've got an article which doesn't say so but does include a picture of a copyrighted movie poster that does say so (they are presumably using the picture of the poster under legit fair use), then link to the article and not the photo. Well and good.
:Although this page is mostly about copyright issues on the Wikipedia, I'll answer this question anyway. IANAL Your work is now automatically copyrighted once you've put your poems down in some tangible form (like writing them in your journal) unless you explicitly give up some or all of your rights. Still, when you "publish" them (on your website or elsewhere) there are still reasons to add a copywrite notice (usually © name date). There is no way, however, to be absolutely assured that your work will not be stolen. On the other hand, if you can show prior publication and ownership of the copyright, there are remedies available to you.


But what if the copyrighted photo has no meaningful context?
:Stealing poems is fairly rare, but it does happen. I write haiku, and every once in awhile there will be a poem published, or a contest won, with a misappropriated poem. Invariably the person will be caught, and a retraction published or a prize withdrawn. Right now there is a bit of a fuss because someone has posted a number of haiku on some of the free poetry websites on the net claiming they were his, but in fact they were really those of a very well-known haiku poet. The poetry thief's postings have all been removed, and he will probably end up ''persona non grata'' on every free poetry website on the internet, and in every print and internet haiku journal. [[User:BlankVerse|<font color=green>''Blank''</font><font color= #F88017>''Verse''</font>]]<font color=#2554C7> </font>[[User talk:BlankVerse|<font color=#F660AB>&empty;</font> ]] 07:56, 5 Jun 2005 (UTC)
==Status of a cartoon from a 1925 London Newspaper==
Hi, I've written a number of tennis articles plus other stuff for Wikipedia. I want to write another one about an old-time American tennis player named Ray Casey who was a Wimbledon doubles finalist in 1925. I have in my possession a photograph (made by me around 1982) of a pen-and-ink cartoon about Casey that appeared in the (London) Daily Mail in June of 1925. I'd like to include this cartoon in the article if possible. I've read as much as I can try to understand about English copyright law, which isn't much. It seems very confusing. But it *does* seem to me as if the basic rights for something such as this expire after only *50* years. Therefore this cartoon *could* be used here. Can anyone give me a definitive, or at least a near-definitive, answer on this? I realize that this whole copyright business is an enormous can of worms, with answers in many cases that are far from definitive.... But thanks in any case for your help. [[User:Hayford Peirce|Hayford Peirce]] 18:20, 14 Jun 2005 (UTC)


An example would be, say, a photo on a photo gallery site which is selling photos. They took the photo and own the copyright. So they're not displaying them under fair use. Let's say the context is minimal, such as "Get an 8 x 10 of this cool photo for $10, enter your credit card and address if you want one". There's no context to remove, basically. You're not linking directly to just the photo (like "htpps://photoland/coolphoto.gif"), but almost.
The cartoonist must have died 70 years ago --[[User:134.130.68.65|134.130.68.65]] 16:21, 22 November 2005 (UTC)
: No. There is no reason to presume that he died only a decade after draeing the cartoon.
: Can someone clarify whether US or UK law would be the issue here? IANAL. -- [[User:Jmabel|Jmabel]] | [[User talk:Jmabel|Talk]] 03:30, 23 November 2005 (UTC)


(We are leaving aside for now the question of the url being possibly unstable, and that photos are probably poor refs generally. Different issues.)
From what I know, it's either 75 years from creation or 50 years from publication.


My take is that it'd be OK according to rule anyway.
Also I think it will also depend on where the copyright is held at. Judging from what you said, I think the UK law will apply. If anything, ask The Daily Mail if you can have permission. {{unsigned|Tidus4Yuna|8 Dec 2005}}


Except: Photoland is serving the page explicitly and solely to sell copies. All or essentially all of our usual refs are different; an article in the "New York Times" is not served explicitly and solely to sell copies of that article. So it's different (altho there is very often a pecuniary motive, in this case maybe that the ''Times'' wants to draw people to their site so they can sell subscriptions).
==Please add link to Ukrainian Wiki==


FWIW, both the ''Times'' and Photoland would be glad to have more visitors go their page, one would think, to sell subscriptions or sell more copies of the photo, respectively, if that matters (commercial considerations do matter for uploading a picture for fair use, but that's different from linking.) But we can't 100% assume that Photoland would be happy to have their page being used as a reference rather than just being visited by people looking to buy photos. Maybe it messes up their page counts which they use for figuring what pictures to feature, or something. (Technically we don't have to care about that I guess, only about the law. But still.)
<nowiki>[[uk:Wikipedia:&#1040;&#1074;&#1090;&#1086;&#1088;&#1089;&#1100;&#1082;&#1077; &#1087;&#1088;&#1072;&#1074;&#1086;]]</nowiki>
[[User:Rh|Rh]] 19:22, 15 Jun 2005 (UTC)


My take is that even considering this difference it'd still be OK, by both the spirit and text of the rule. Am I correct? [[User:Herostratus|Herostratus]] ([[User talk:Herostratus|talk]]) 00:12, 29 October 2023 (UTC)
== Copyvios and page histories ==


== Can we add translations to this page? ==
<[[User:Jun-Dai|Jun-Dai]] 04:54, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)>
:I'm sure this question has been asked before, but I can't find it hereabouts: if we remove a copyright violation, but the copyvio remains in the page's history, is the Wikipedia actually cleared of the violation, or not? Consider [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fat_Blue&action=history Fat Blue]. It was deemed that the article was a copyvio, the appropriate tag was set, and then the copy rewritten. Yet the alleged copyvio is still accessible on Wikipedia via a direct link: [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fat_Blue&oldid=5990812]. Does that not constitute a copyright violation?
</[[User:Jun-Dai|Jun-Dai]]>
:I'm going to take a stab at this and say NO. The page's history, while accessible, is not being used for publication purposes. Now, I'm certain that this can be argued the other way, however, any organization which would want to sue for copyright infringement because of a history page would wind up spending more money than they could ever hope to collect on the highly unlikely chance this website would be found libel. Spending good money for no money. Usually with Copyright law, there's an opportunity for the infringor to make repairs, i.e. removing the violation. I'm sure if Wikipedia were contacted by someone who has absolutly nothing better to do than search for violations in page history, one of our programmers would find a way to remove it altogether. Now, I'm not a lawyer...but I've tried a thing or two... [[User:Bastique|<font size=+1>{{unicode|&#08492;}}</font>astique]]<font style="color:#FF72E3;">{{unicode|&#09660;}}</font>[[User talk:Bastique|'''<sup>talk</sup>''']] 02:52, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)
:: <[[User:Jun-Dai|Jun-Dai]] 23:20, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)> I guess this raises a question: how much of the Wikipedia's policy towards copyrights is based on theoretical considerations, and how much of it is based on practical considerations? </[[User:Jun-Dai|Jun-Dai]]>


Can we add a brief note on this page to cover translations and link to [[Wikipedia:Close paraphrasing#Translation]]? I have seen multiple people mistakenly translate content without realizing they were creating a derivative work? [[User:Rjjiii|<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Rjj<sup>iii</sup></span>]] ([[User talk:Rjjiii#top|talk]]) 17:39, 20 November 2023 (UTC)
== [[Template:Cv]] ==


==Discussion at [[:Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion/Log/2023 December 4#List of gender names|Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion/Log/2023 December 4 §&nbsp;List of gender names]]==
Under the section "If you find a copyright infringement" on the project page, can we add a mention of [[Template:Cv]]? It's a template for user talk pages, similar to [[Template:Test1]], [[Template:Test2]], etc.. except for dealing with people that post copyrighted material. [[User:TheCoffee|TheCoffee]] 12:08, 21 Jun 2005 (UTC)
[[File:Symbol watching blue lashes high contrast.svg|25px|link=|alt=]]&nbsp;You are invited to join the discussion at [[:Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion/Log/2023 December 4#List of gender names|Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion/Log/2023 December 4 §&nbsp;List of gender names]]. &#x0020;Given the comments that have been made so far, it would be helpful (in my opinion) for this discussion to have input from editors experienced in attribution policy/requirements for copying within Wikipedia. Best, <sup style="letter-spacing:-.1em;color:#737373;font-family:monospace">user:</sup>[[User:A smart kitten|<span style="color:#ff8352">'''A smart kitten'''</span>]][[User talk:A smart kitten|<sub style="color:#b842b8;font-family:monospace">''meow''</sub>]] 14:40, 5 December 2023 (UTC)<!-- [[Template:Please see]] -->


== Court of Appeal ruling will prevent UK museums from charging reproduction fees ==
== Government of the [[Republic of Ireland]] Copyrights ==


Possibly of value?
I found the subject law here: [http://www.oireachtas.ie/documents/bills28/acts/2000/a2800.pdf Copyright and Related Rights Act, 2000]. Can someone help me to figure out what it means and what sort of Irish government images are useable? [[User:Bastique|<font size=+1>{{unicode|&#08492;}}</font>astique]]<font style="color:#FF72E3;">{{unicode|&#09660;}}</font>[[User talk:Bastique|'''<sup>talk</sup>''']] 02:44, 24 Jun 2005 (UTC)
* {{Cite news |title=Court of Appeal ruling will prevent UK museums from charging reproduction fees—at last |work=The Art Newspaper |URL=https://www.theartnewspaper.com/2023/12/29/court-of-appeal-ruling-will-prevent-uk-museums-from-charging-reproduction-feesat-last |date=29 December 2023}}
Fyi only. --[[User:JMF|𝕁𝕄𝔽]] ([[User talk:JMF|talk]]) 23:16, 30 December 2023 (UTC)


== Edit request ==
:You're looking for section 191:


{{Edit fully-protected|Wikipedia:Copyrights|answered=yes}}
::'''Government copyright.'''
::''Chapter 19 - Government and Oireachtas Copyright''


This sentence in the section "[[Wikipedia:Copyrights#Linking to copyrighted works|Linking to copyrighted works]]" appears to be incorrect:
::191.—(1) Where a work is made by an officer or employee of the Government or of the State, in the course of his or her duties, the work qualifies for copyright protection notwithstanding the provisions relating to the requirements as to qualification for copyright protection specified in section 182.


{{Blockquote|text=However, if you know or reasonably suspect that an external Web site is carrying a work in violation of copyright, do not link to that copy of the work without the permission of the copyright holder, do not link to that copy of the work.}}
::(2) The Government shall be the first owner of the copyright in a work to which subsection (1) applies.


The last bit should be removed:
::(3) The copyright in a work to which subsection (1) applies shall be known and in this Act referred to as ‘‘Government copyright’’, notwithstanding that the copyright may be, or may have been, assigned to another person.


{{Blockquote|text=However, if you know or reasonably suspect that an external Web site is carrying a work in violation of copyright, do not link to that copy of the work without the permission of the copyright holder.}}
::(4) Government copyright in a work shall expire 50 years from the end of the calendar year in which the work was made.


Thank you for your time. <span lang="en">&mdash;&nbsp;[[:User:Gabldotink|gabldotink]] <small>[&nbsp;[[:User talk:Gabldotink|talk]]&nbsp;&#124;&nbsp;[[:Special:Contributions/Gabldotink|contribs]]&nbsp;&#124;&nbsp;[[m:Special:CentralAuth/Gabldotink|global account]]&nbsp;]</small></span> 06:30, 31 December 2023 (UTC)
:This means Irish government commissioned works hold copyright for 50 years, if no one else has a recognised legal interest in it. --[[User:Diderot|Diderot]] 17:12, 25 September 2005 (UTC)
: {{done}} [[User:Pppery|* Pppery *]] [[User talk:Pppery|<sub style="color:#800000">it has begun...</sub>]] 15:42, 31 December 2023 (UTC)


== Could we use the mbox template for the intro blurb? ==
== Wikipedia is GFDL incompatible ==


I don't exactly like the use of the broken HTML in this matter when there is a template that formats the notice much much better. It is not even center aligned. For example:
1. The [[Wikipedia:Copyright]] page states that Wikipedia is governed by a modified version of the GFDL license that makes an exception not requiring invariant sections nor front/back-cover texts.


{{mbox
This makes it only compatible one-way. People can combine Wikipedia works with GFDL'ed works, but GFDL'ed works can't be integrated into Wikipedia works unless said GFDL work it explicitly states the same exact exception.
|text='''Important note:''' The Wikimedia Foundation does not own copyright on Wikipedia article texts or illustrations. '''It is therefore pointless to email our contact addresses asking for permission to reproduce articles or images''', even if rules at your company, school, or organization mandate that you ask web site operators before copying their content.


The only Wikipedia content you should contact the Wikimedia Foundation about are the trademarked Wikipedia/Wikimedia logos, which are not freely usable without permission.
2. Wikipedia has implicitly modified the attribution sections of the GFDL, because the method for attribution given by Wikipedia is to credit Wikipedia itself and not the authors as required by the GFDL. That would only be valid if Wikipedia is the copyright holder, but it's not. There's also the fact that you wouldn't even know who to credit to begin with given the number of contributors.


Permission to reproduce and modify text on Wikipedia has already been granted to anyone anywhere by the authors of individual articles as long as such reproduction and modification complies with licensing terms (see below and [[Wikipedia:Mirrors and forks]] for specific terms). Images may or may not permit reuse and modification; the conditions for reproduction of each image should be individually checked. The only exceptions are those cases in which editors have violated Wikipedia policy by uploading copyrighted material without authorization, or with copyright licensing terms which are incompatible with those Wikipedia authors have applied to the rest of Wikipedia content. While such material is present on Wikipedia (before it is detected and removed), it will be a copyright violation to copy it. For permission to use it, one must contact the owner of the copyright of the text or illustration in question; often, but not always, this will be the original author.
3. This is not a legal incopamptibility, but a pragmatic one. Because of the attribution and other requirements, it means inserting a whole bunch of extra text into a Wikipedia article for every piece of GFDL text added. Of course, the very specific requirements of the GFDL would make the so-called encyclopedic articles look very messy and unprofessional. You're supposed to list up to 5 authors, include various sections and whatnot, that results in an ugly mess in an article.


If you wish to reuse content from Wikipedia, first read the [[#Reusers' rights and obligations|Reusers' rights and obligations]] section. You should then read the [[Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License|Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License]] and the [[Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License|GNU Free Documentation License]].
...
|image=[[File:OOjs_UI_icon_notice-destructive.svg]]
|type=speedy
}}


How would this look on the page? [[User:Awesome Aasim|Awesome]] [[User_talk:Awesome Aasim|Aasim]] 18:41, 1 March 2024 (UTC)
Honestly, they really should have thought this through better before doing all of this. The only possible way to salvage the content now is switch to a much more relaxed license that specifically addresses atribution issues on a Wiki. This means getting the consent of many people to put their works into the public domain or something close to it. I believe the author of rambot is making an effort to do that, with some success.


== "Internet archives" ==
[[User:Njyoder|Nathan J. Yoder]] 22:58, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)
{{edit fully-protected|Wikipedia:Copyrights|answered=yes}}
The text currently reads:
:The copyright status of [[web archives|Internet archives]] in the United States is unclear
This is confusing for two reasons:
#"Internet archives" actually goes to [[web archives]]
#"Internet archives" is easily confused with "[[Internet archive]]" which is the name of a specific web archive provider, and one so large and dominate (over 90% of enwiki) that one might be easily mistaken.
I see no reason to use a non-standard name for "web archives". Recommend simply changing to:
:The copyright status of [[web archives]] in the United States is unclear
..because "web archives" is what they are called. -- [[User:GreenC|<span style="color: #006A4E;">'''Green'''</span>]][[User talk:GreenC|<span style="color: #093;">'''C'''</span>]] 16:24, 10 March 2024 (UTC)
:{{done}} along with some additional text scope clarifying there. — [[User:Xaosflux|<span style="color:#FF9933; font-weight:bold; font-family:monotype;">xaosflux</span>]] <sup>[[User talk:Xaosflux|<span style="color:#009933;">Talk</span>]]</sup> 18:51, 10 March 2024 (UTC)


==Input requested==
:GFDL doesn't require cover texts, so not including them is not a modification. I disagree that changing the license for the entire pedia is the "only possible way to salvage" it. [[User:Lunkwill|Lunkwill]] 23:29, 26 Jun 2005 (UTC)
There is a discussion that may be of your interest including the topic proprietary services, at [[Template talk:GeoTemplate#Splitting Global/Trans-national services]]. Your input is welcomed. Sincerely, <span style="border-radius:8em;padding:0 7px;background:orange">[[User:Thinker78|<span style="color:white">'''Thinker78'''</span>]]</span> [[User talk:Thinker78|(talk)]] 23:09, 17 March 2024 (UTC)


:@[[User:Thinker78|Thinker78]] [[Special:Contributions/2806:10A6:13:52DE:7CF0:8C5E:87E:DEDF|2806:10A6:13:52DE:7CF0:8C5E:87E:DEDF]] ([[User talk:2806:10A6:13:52DE:7CF0:8C5E:87E:DEDF|talk]]) 23:40, 4 April 2024 (UTC)
::The GFDL requires that front-cover, back-cover and invariant sections be reproduced with every version. It even has very specific, restrictive rules about how you're allowed to modify them. Read the addenum at the end of the GFDL where it says ''How to use this License for your documents.'' That section instructs the person to add a copyright statement requiring reproduction of those sections if they exist. [[User:Njyoder|Nathan J. Yoder]] 03:17, 27 Jun 2005 (UTC)


== Protected edit request on 30 March 2024 ==
The statement here on [[Wikipedia:Copyrights]] is not intended to be an amendment to the GFDL. It is merely a statement that Wikipedia does not have any front cover texts or back cover texts. The matter of attribution is unclear. Most republishers merely credit the Wikipedia. One or two credit the five most prolific authors for the encyclopedia as a whole. Perhaps a few credit everyone for each article. Also see my user page for an alternate view on this issue. [[User:UninvitedCompany|The Uninvited]] Co., [[User_talk:UninvitedCompany|Inc.]] 28 June 2005 16:56 (UTC)


{{edit fully-protected|Wikipedia:Copyrights|answered=yes}}
:Yes, but if someone uses another GFDL'ed document with one of those viral sections in a Wikipedia article, it makes that statement of copyright invalid. So in other words, Wikipedia can only use another GFDL'ed source if it doesn't have any viral sections either OR if the Wikipedia copyright statement is changed.
-per [[MOS:']]:
<syntaxhighlight lang="wikitext">
{{short description|Wikipedia's policy on copyrights}}
{{Redirect|WP:C||Wikipedia:Consensus|and|Wikipedia:Civility|and|Wikipedia:Categorization|and|Wikipedia:Canvassing|and|Wikipedia:WikiProject Countries|and|Wikipedia:WikiProject Council|and|Wikipedia:C-class}}
{{Redirect|WP:COPY||Wikipedia:Copyright problems|and|Wikipedia:Basic copyediting|and|Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia}}
{{pp-protected|small=yes}}
{{legal policy|WP:C|WP:COPY|WP:COPYRIGHT}}
{{Wikipedia copyright}}
{{Legal policy list}}


<div style="background-color: #fff0f0; border: 1px solid black; padding: 1ex; margin: 1ex; margin-right: 20em; min-width: 20em;">
:The attribution thing only works for now since no one has cared to file a lawsuit (or DMCA notification at least) over it YET, but you shouldn't rely on things continuing the way they are now. For wiki type documents, the GFDL is just an accident waiting to happen and unfortunately those in charge of Wikipedia don't really see it as a big deal and would really rather not admit that they made a mistake in using the GFDL.
'''Important note:''' The Wikimedia Foundation does not own copyright on Wikipedia article texts or illustrations. '''It is therefore pointless to email our contact addresses asking for permission to reproduce articles or images''', even if rules at your company, school, or organization mandate that you ask web site operators before copying their content.


The only Wikipedia content you should contact the Wikimedia Foundation about are the trademarked Wikipedia/Wikimedia logos, which are not freely usable without permission.
:Your statements about copyright on your user page aren't accurate. While you do own the copyright to the individual parts that you alone authored, any parts that have been jointly-authored can only be licensed under a license specified by the person who wrote the first version since they are the ones who needed to authorize you to modify it in the first place. In this case, all jointly-authored works are released under the GFDL unless all the authors of said work have specified that have multi-licensed it under other licenses as well. [[User:Njyoder|Nathan J. Yoder]] 28 June 2005 19:48 (UTC)


Permission to reproduce and modify text on Wikipedia has already been granted to anyone anywhere by the authors of individual articles as long as such reproduction and modification complies with licensing terms (see below and [[Wikipedia:Mirrors and forks]] for specific terms). Images may or may not permit reuse and modification; the conditions for reproduction of each image should be individually checked. The only exceptions are those cases in which editors have violated Wikipedia policy by uploading copyrighted material without authorization, or with copyright licensing terms which are incompatible with those Wikipedia authors have applied to the rest of Wikipedia content. While such material is present on Wikipedia (before it is detected and removed), it will be a copyright violation to copy it. For permission to use it, one must contact the owner of the copyright of the text or illustration in question; often, but not always, this will be the original author.
== Contributing to and from the Attribution-ShareAlike ==


If you wish to reuse content from Wikipedia, first read the [[#Reusers' rights and obligations|Reusers' rights and obligations]] section. You should then read the [[Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License|Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License]] and the [[Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License|GNU Free Documentation License]].
I was wondering if one could copy wikipedia articles to a wiki that has the [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/ Attribution-ShareAlike] license or vice versa. My guessing is that this is not possible in both cases, unless you are the author of the article, but I wanted to ask to be sure.

I'm asking because this [http://wiki.theppn.org/Main_Page wiki] has quite good articles for some japanese musicians that are missing on Wikipedia. --[[User:Xdcdx|xDCDx]] 3 July 2005 14:46 (UTC)

== Heading typo ==
The "Algeria" heading is one level too high. "Edit" button isn't available, so hopefully with someone will higher privs will catch that. [[User:Cate8|Cate8]] July 9, 2005 04:49 (UTC)

== Making life easier for new users ==

As this page is linked from the bottom of every article, I suggest that we lead with a short list of other reasons someone might have come here, rather than burying it at the bottom. For example:

:This page describes the licence under which the contents of Wikipedia can be reused.
:* For information on what material may legally be included in Wikipedia, see [[Wikipedia:Copyright FAQ]].
:* For what to do about copyright violations found in Wikipedia, see [[Wikipedia:Copyright problems]].

See [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Help_desk&diff=18644213&oldid=18643973 here] for a new user's difficulty in finding [[Wikipedia:Copyright problems]].

[[User:Bovlb|Bovlb]] 02:51:27, 2005-07-12 (UTC)

== Printed copies of Wikimedia content ==

I'm trying to prepare a copy of a book at Wikibooks for print publication. I intend to actually publish this information in a dead tree format and give it to a couple of local schools and libraries. (It is only about 70 pages long right now).

As a result of doing this, I'd also like to apply for formal copyright registration of this Wikibook, which is going to give me a whole bunch of problems, including primarily author attribution (the information found on user pages is totally inadequate for filling this out), and determining exactly who "owns" the content covered in the book. The book I'm going to publish is the [[wikibooks:Wikijunior Solar System|Wikijunior Solar System]]. I have a PDF file on there right now with the layout in the format I wish to actually publish and take down to a local printing company.

The [[wikibooks:Wikibooks:Copyrights]] page is woefully inadequate to cover this concept, and IMHO very out of date as well in a number of areas. If there is somebody who really knows copyright law, I would appreciate some help in this circumstance. It is also possible that a major change of policy with the Wikimedia Foundation may have to take place if we need to accurately determine the country of origin and residence for each contributor, to keep with registration laws under United States code. I would also like input from users in other countries as to what specific requirements are involved if you formally register copyright in your country and what information your government is asking that you provide with copyright.

The relevant information for copyright registration (under U.S. law, and what I intend to file) can be found here:
:http://www.copyright.gov/register/literary.html

Some discussion on this can also be found [[wikibooks:Wikibooks:Staff lounge#Disclaimer, copyright notice, and info for Print editions of Wikibooks|at the Staff Lounge on Wikibooks]]. It is from that discussion that I am trying to get input here. --[[User:Robert Horning|Robert Horning]] 02:19, 26 July 2005 (UTC)

== Memory Alpha ==

At [[Conspiracy (Star Trek)]], I put in some text from Memory Alpha.org, which uses Creative Commons. The author of the article specifically said that the text was derived from the Wikipedia article. Is that text not necessarily GFDL and is it not okay to reintegrate it into Wikipedia? [[User:Jamesmusik|James]] 02:58, July 31, 2005 (UTC)

== Using individual Wikipedia articles on otherwise copyrighted site ==

In short, what do I need to do to use individual Wikipedia articles on my site without jeopardizing the legal status of my otherwise copyrighted site? The long version of this question follows:

I have read and re-read the GFDL and other articles here and still find myself wondering what I can and cannot do with individual Wikipedia articles. I have a site that already contains many articles which are copyrighted. I wish to fill in the "knowledge holes" in my site by using Wikipedia articles. I also wish to make it very clear to anyone who sees them that they come from Wikipedia. And lastly, I wish to be able to incorporate the WP articles without alterting the copyright status of the rest of my site. Sounds simple enough. But is it? It seems that About.com and others have managed, but I'm unsure of their standing in this community after reading the section on GFDL compliance [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Mirrors_and_forks/Abc].

I'd like some direction from those of you who are passionate about this. From what I have read, I can copy an article from Wikipedia and put it on my site, so long as I include a disclaimer like this:

"This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License."
"It uses material from this Wikipedia article, which is probably more up to date than ours."

(The "this Wikipedia article" part would be linked to the original article here and the latter is because I do not have the technical expertise to automatically update these articles.)

I am aware that by so doing, I am granting others the right to use this version of the article under the same terms it was "licensed" to me. I just want to make sure that this "viral" thing I've heard about in the media doesn't mean that I've just essentially licensed my whole site via the GFDL (which I don't actually have the right to do in any case as a good portion are from other contributors). I want to do this "the right way" and not upset folks here. I appreciate the nature of the work that has been done. Thanks for reading and for any advice!

:I've been thinking the smae thing and I am not sure. I think that the rest of your site is not affected, but I don't know. What I am more interested by is if you could make a paper encyclopedia with certain articles copied from Wikipedia and under the GFDL but others completely copyright. --[[User:bjwebb|βjweþþ]] <small>([[User talk:Bjwebb|talk]])</small> 16:32, 2 August 2005 (UTC)
::Section 7 of the GFDL says "When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of the Document." A website would be imo, an aggregate work. note IANAL. [[User:MattKingston|Matt]] 05:16, 3 August 2005 (UTC)

:::Thanks for that info, [[User:MattKingston]], I needed to confirm this, as my site [http://www.ajs.com/ajswiki/] uses a couple of Wikipedia articles, modified to fit into the site. I use a template called "Template:Wikipedia" to mark the pages as Wikipedia-derived, and GFDL-only. The rest of the site is dual GFDL/CC-BY-SA-2.5. Your comments will help me to rest a bit easier in thinking that I'm not tainting my whole site as GFDL-only. -[[User:Harmil|Harmil]] 14:33, 16 September 2005 (UTC)

== Transparent copies ==

This was just added: "any of a number of formats available from us, including the wiki text, the html web pages, xml feed, etc."

From the GFDL: "[...]standard-conforming simple HTML, PostScript or PDF '''designed for human modification.'''[...]Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors '''for output purposes only.'''"

The HTML web pages here are designed for output purposes only. If you read through the HTML pages, not only do they contain a ton of garbage, they're difficult for a human to sort through and modify, especially if they want to change the formatting. The WikiText undoubtedly makes changes much easier for a human, which was why it was created--human modification of the raw html would be too arduous. The XML export includes the WikiText itself, so it's redudant to mention. [[User:Njyoder|Nathan J. Yoder]] 11:58, 7 August 2005 (UTC)

I'll remove this addition in a month if no one bothers to contest it. It was originally added as a political move on the part of Wikipedia's owner to defend Wikipedia's auto-blocking policy anyway, not one motivated by anything else. [[User:Njyoder|Nathan J. Yoder]] 11:53, 18 September 2005 (UTC)

Since I can't actually remove this, will someone else? It actually contradicts the latter part other part of the section that comes after it too, which suggests that providing a link back may be necessary for the transparent source requirement, which wouldn't be stated if the HTML provided by a third party constituted a transparent copy. [[User:Njyoder|Nathan J. Yoder]] 19:11, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

== Are xray images copyrightable? ==

Hello,

I have some medical xrays of my recent [[spinal fusion]], which I'd like to use to illustrate the (currently nonexisting) [[spinal fusion]] article. One of these is at [[:Image:spinal fusion fixation devices.jpg]]. Are these images acceptable for use, since they don't really involve any creative expression? Or was the process of finding a good angle for the xrays enough to make them copyrighted by the radiologist? I'd be happy to remove the images if they're not free. -- [[User:Creidieki|Creidieki]] 21:00, 8 August 2005 (UTC)
:I would say that it's going to depend on the country they were taken in. The xrays are copyrightable, but who owns the copyright? I would suggest that it's either a) you, as the subject and the one who paid for them (If you paid for them), b) your physician who commissioned for them to be done, or c) the institution (hospital or laboratory) where they were done. [[User:MattKingston|Matt]] 15:41, 10 August 2005 (UTC)
::I found the following document relevant to the UK [http://www.cbcu.cam.ac.uk/cbcu/pdfs_ppts/Ethics_pathology_teaching.pdf] which says "If the image forms part of the patient's medical record it, along with the rest of the record, is owned by the patient's doctor or treating hospital. Attempts to argue that the patient owns the information contained in his or her record, though not the record itself, have failed." [[User:MattKingston|Matt]] 16:16, 10 August 2005 (UTC)
:::Those of you in the United States may be surprised to learn that the photographer, and not you, owns the copyright to your school photographs. Just try to get one of them enlarged and Wal-Mart and see what happens. I am assuming that the same principle applies to X-Rays - at least here in the states.

:It's no different than if someone had taken a picture of your back with a regular camera. The copyright is held by the photographer, even if the image is of you or of your insides. X-rays are just another form of media. (If you think having images of your insides copyrighted by others is creepy, check out ''[http://www.richmond.edu/~wolf/moore.htm Moore v. UC Regents]'' -- they can take ''patents'' out on stuff they find in your fluids). --[[User:Fastfission|Fastfission]] 21:40, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

== predicament of actual rights vs. ethical rights ==

I came across [[Ashton Calvert]] and was surprised by the copyright notice on the bottom. Apparently the Australian gov't had released his bio information for "for your personal, non-commercial use or use within your organisation". I'm not sure if "use within your organisation" includes Wikipedia. i have an ethical issue with this as well. Please see associated [[Talk:Ashton_Calvert]]. The author has also started other articles in the same vein. -- [[User:Bubbachuck|Bubbachuck]] 05:30, 12 August 2005 (UTC)
:perhaps you should elaborate on what ethical issues you have. I've listed it as a copyvio since the text is not licensed under the GFDL. I'll do the same with the others. [[User:MattKingston|Matt]] 03:24, 15 August 2005 (UTC)
:: I just read at [[Wikipedia:Public domain resources]] that no US government material is copyrightable and is thus public domain. I'm not sure how Australia's copyright laws work (i can't find any mention on wikipedia), but if its the same as US, then technically someone could legally copy and paste an article from a government site onto Wikipedia, right? if a work is public domain, it does not have to be under GFDL right? clarification would be most appreciated. the ethical issues i have would be whether copy and pasting a webpage by the government just because they allow it for "non-commercial use" on Wikipedia is "right" considering that there exists an exact copy of the work on a government site already and there was not proper credit given to the government (not for the Calvert article but for others). -- [[User:Bubbachuck|Bubbachuck]] 04:13, 27 August 2005 (UTC)
:::Unless you know for sure that Australia works the same way, don't assume it. I believe Australia has [[Crown Copyright]] which is quite different than the U.S. policy against copyrighted works of the federal government. "Use within your organisation" most likely only means "for internal use only", which is not what anything posted on Wikipedia generally is (as it is "published" to the entire world). Even if they release it for non-commercial use, that is ''not'' compatible with the GFDL (GFDL allows for commercial use). --[[User:Fastfission|Fastfission]] 21:46, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

== Please fix (Portuguese wikipedia) ==

Where it is:

<nowiki>[[pt:Copyrights]]</nowiki>

it should be:

<nowiki>[[pt:Wikipedia:Direitos de autor]]</nowiki>

--{{User:Juliano/sig}} 20:12, August 15, 2005 (UTC)

== Lyrics ==
Is it generally forbidden to add lyrics (which may be copyrighted) to descriptions of new songs?[[User:Nightbeast|NightBeAsT]] 00:20, 17 August 2005 (UTC)

:Small portions can be quoted under fair use. You can even put the entire text in if it's interspersed with analysis as far as US copyright law is concerned because fair use protects such scholarly examination. Some Simpsons script sites use this technique. Copies can also be made for educational and classroom use, IIRC, but as with so many aspects of the Internet, how this would apply to an encyclopedia is unclear. [[User:Lunkwill|Lunkwill]] 06:58, 27 August 2005 (UTC)

::I'm not sure that's 100% correct. Even with scholarly examination, quoting the entire body of a copyright work would seem to go pretty far towards violating the substantiality clause. Anyway -- the answer for Wikipedia's case is NO, don't post song lyrics from copyrighted songs. You may have some ''brief'' quotes from such lyrics as is relevant to the article, but that's it. --[[User:Fastfission|Fastfission]] 21:44, 10 September 2005 (UTC)

== USAID images ==

United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is an agency of the federal government, and as such images produced by a USAID employee during the course of their work are [[public domain]]. The copyright notics on the USAID website states this explicitly:

:''Unless a copyright is indicated, information on this Web site is in the public domain and may be reproduced, published or otherwise used without USAID's permission. We request that USAID be cited as the source of the information and that any photo credits or bylines be similarly credited to the photographer or author or USAID, as appropriate. If a copyright is indicated on a photo, graphic, or any other material, permission to copy these materials must be obtained from the original source. This copyright notice does not pertain to information at Web sites other than this Web site.'' [http://www.usaid.gov/privacy.html#copyright]

The [http://www.dec.org/partners/afr/photogallery/ photolibrary on the USAID website] enables users to download medium resolution images. All of the images I have seen in this library do not specify a copyright and are therefore (see above) public domain. It is possible to request high resolution copies of these images [http://www.dec.org/partners/afr/photogallery/mail.cfm?Photo_ID:4451&Image=ug7_bednetdippinfamily.jpg&Keyword_ID=346&Country_ID=22&Sector_ID=10&Photo_ID=4451&StartRow=1 via a form]. However, this form states:

:''By submitting this form you agree to comply with the following terms of use:''
** ''Photos are intended for non-commercial use only.''
** ''Photos may not be stored or redistributed for any purposes without prior permission.''
** ''Photos should be used in a context that properly reflects the nature of the subject(s), situation, and location depicted.''
** ''When requesting high resolution photos, users are asked to provide information on how and where photos will be used.''[http://www.dec.org/partners/afr/photogallery/mail.cfm?Photo_ID:4451&Image=ug7_bednetdippinfamily.jpg&Keyword_ID=346&Country_ID=22&Sector_ID=10&Photo_ID=4451&StartRow=1]

How are the above conditions compatible with the public domain nature of the images? [[User:TreveX|TreveX]]<sup>[[User talk:TreveX|talk]]</sup> 20:15, 28 August 2005 (UTC)

:I seem to recall that the high-resolution versions are hosted by a an external company that sells them for commercial use. But then again, it's been a while since I checked. -[[User:Harmil|Harmil]] 22:47, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

== Editable version ==

I've made an editable version, at [[Wikipedia:Copyrights/e]]. This can be used to propose changes by non-admins. Of course, for the Wikipedia policies, you should still refer to the [[Wikipedia:Copyrights|original version]]. --[[User:Ixfd64|Ixfd64]] 21:58, 2005 August 29 (UTC)


==Iran==

The text in the article does not mention this important fact:

''According to the Iranian "Law for Supporting Authors, Composers, and Artists" (قانون حمایت حقوق مؤلفان و مصنفان و هنرمندان), passed on 11 Dey 1348 (January 1, 1970) and published in the official newspaper number 7288 on 21 Bahman 1348 (February 1, 1970), for many images, including paintings, the work is in the public domain if all of its authors have died for at least 30 Iranian years (may be different from 30 gregorian days in a few days).''

''As special exceptions, if the work is cinematic or photographic or if the (economic) rights of a work have been transferred to a legal person, the work will become public domain after 30 Iranian years from its publication or offering.''--[[User:Zereshk|Zereshk]] 20:26, 7 September 2005 (UTC)

== Wikipedia:Fair use link ==

Is there some reason there's no link to [[Wikipedia:Fair use]]? --[[User:Howcheng|Howcheng]] 22:20, 13 September 2005 (UTC)

== Copyrighted lists ==

I recently got [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Request_for_immediate_removal_of_copyright_violation&diff=prev&oldid=23155747]. I will remove it but I believe that such a list is uncopyrightable under US law. of [[Wikipedia:Fellows of the Royal Society]], basically a list like the following:

* Abbot, Charles, 1st Baron Colchester Charles Abbot, 1st Baron Colchester 14 October 1757 - 08 May 1829 Fellow 14/02/1793
and so on for about 8000 fellows.

That I'd changed into wikilinks to see where they led. What about British law (under which they were origially copyrighted), and international copyright law? [[User:Duncharris|Dunc]]|[[User talk:duncharris|&#9786;]] 00:18, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

*This might be helpful wrt US law, at least: [http://www.copyright.gov/docs/regstat092303.html]. My understanding has also been that lists and databases are not copyrightable. [[User:Lunkwill|Lunkwill]] 02:17, 21 September 2005 (UTC)

== NGA data and images ==

The terms (yes, terms... sigh) of the National Geospacial Agency's data is the following:
<div style="font-size: smaller; font-style: italic; margin: 2em; border: thin black solid;">
In accordance with 10 U.S.C. 425[2], the use of the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) (or predecessor organizations, National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) or Defense Mapping Agency (DMA)) name, seal or initials to imply or suggest approval or any commercial endorsement by NGA without written permission from the Secretary of Defense and the Director of Central Intelligence is prohibited. All non-Agency published products, information or data which include the NGA, NIMA or DMA name, seal or initials or otherwise express or imply any association with NGA, NIMA or DMA shall contain the following disclaimer:

"Disclaimer

This reproduction, partial or complete, of any National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) or Defense Mapping Agency (DMA) product, information or data is not approved, authorized or endorsed by the Secretary of Defense, the Director of Central Intelligence, the Director, NGA or any other element of the US Government. The US Government and NGA accept no liability for the accuracy or quality of this reproduction or the use of any NGA, NIMA or DMA products, information or data."

This disclaimer shall be displayed prominently on the cover and first page of any hardcopy publication, on any map or chart, on any media, video cassette, on the shrink wrap of any CD or DVD, on any DVD or CD-ROM, on the jewel case label and any insert in the jewel case. This disclaimer shall be displayed prominently in the start up or initial screen of any software product or program as well as in the "About" dialog window (usually accessible by the "Help" drop-down menu). In addition, any installation diskettes, CD-ROMS, or DVDs will contain the disclaimer in a separate text file located in the root directory and named "disclaimer.txt."

NGA will not be liable for the accuracy or quality of any user products, regardless of the amount or complexity of NGA information or data used in their production.
</div>
</div>
:[http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/info/info_commercial_use.html]
This would seem to require, at the very least, that we replicate the above disclaimer in [[Wikipedia:Copyrights]], because we do use the seal and name at [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]], and we also use data from the agency in many places.

Have I missed something important that mitigates this concern? I mean, I know we're an encyclopedia, and so logically it makes sense for us to use the name and logo, but U.S. law seems to be contradicting logic, here. Perhaps just a disclaimer on [[National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency]] (and perhaps on a PD template box for their images) saying that they don't endorse Wikipedia would be sufficient to get past the first conditional in the requirement? -[[User:Harmil|Harmil]] 22:59, 22 September 2005 (UTC)

== Artwork from 1890s, artist died 1936 (corrected: 1932)==

I'm trying to work out what images I might be able to add to [[Ramon Casas i Carbó]] if I flesh it out to more of an article. His active career was well under way in the 1890s; he died in 1936. Among his work were postcards, posters, and paintings. Much of this is reproduced on line elsewhere, but without clear statements about rights. There is a fair chance that something was published in the US before 1923, but it would be difficult to ascertain. Some of the [http://usuarios.lycos.es/ramoncasas/obra/cartells/cartells.htm postcards] were clearly published in Spain as early as 1897. I'd particularly like to use [http://usuarios.lycos.es/ramoncasas/obra/pintura/tandem.htm this self-portrait] (he is in front on the tandem bike, Pere Romeu is his stoker): it is an iconic image, painted for the main dining hall of Els Quatre Gats, a Barcelona bar/restaurant that was a center for the Catalan art movement known as ''[[modernisme]]'', and which in a revived form is still a bit of an arts space today. Any suggestions on what we can and cannot reproduce? -- [[User:Jmabel|Jmabel]] | [[User talk:Jmabel|Talk]] 05:50, 23 September 2005 (UTC)
: Hello? -- [[User:Jmabel|Jmabel]] | [[User talk:Jmabel|Talk]] 07:25, 30 September 2005 (UTC)

::Assuming it was first published in Spain, I would assume that the pre-1923 date won't do you much good. I've just started to try to figure out non-US publication. The [[Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works]] (of which Spain is a signatory) states

:::Countries under the older revisions of the treaty may choose to provide, and certain types of works (such as phonorecords and motion pictures) may be provided shorter terms, otherwise the current length of copyright in general is life of the author of the work (or last surviving author if there is more than one), plus 70 years, or, in the case of a work for hire or otherwise created by an entity other than an individual, 95 years from first publication.

::Not exactly as clear as it might be, but it ''suggests'' that his work might have just come into the public domain this year (though our article on him gives his date of death as 1932). Seems to me that we need an article that really covers copyright in a significant range of countries. Anyone know of a source? -- [[User:Mwanner|Mwanner]] | [[User talk:Mwanner|Talk]] 17:07, 29 October 2005 (UTC)
:::OK, better answer. [http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/okbooks.html] has Spanish law as life+70. Though the discussion there falls a little short of the degree of clarity I'd like to find, it looks sound enough to go on for now. -- [[User:Mwanner|Mwanner]] | [[User talk:Mwanner|Talk]] 17:19, 29 October 2005 (UTC)
::::But is Spanish law what pertains? After all, we are publishing this in the US. -- [[User:Jmabel|Jmabel]] | [[User talk:Jmabel|Talk]] 18:41, 29 October 2005 (UTC)
:::::Well, I ''was'' reading "The applicable law under the Berne Convention is by default the law of the signatory country where a copyright claim is made" (from our Berne Convention article) to mean that if a Spanish artist claims a copyright in Spain, then US publishers have to abide by it. Now that you raise the question directly, I realise it's not a slam-dunk that that's what it means, but I still lean in that direction. Notice, too, though, that (according to rumor) we have servers in Europe (France?). Soooo...
:::::The more you look into this stuff, the more you wish you hadn't. -- [[User:Mwanner|Mwanner]] | [[User talk:Mwanner|Talk]] 18:54, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

You'll have to wait until 1 January 2007, which isn't too far away ([[m:eventualism]]) [[User:Duncharris|Dunc]]|[[User talk:duncharris|&#9786;]] 19:10, 29 October 2005 (UTC)
:If our article is right on his date of death (1932), his stuff is OK now. -- [[User:Mwanner|Mwanner]] | [[User talk:Mwanner|Talk]] 20:59, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

: Thank you all. -- [[User:Jmabel|Jmabel]] | [[User talk:Jmabel|Talk]] 19:47, 30 October 2005 (UTC)

== Correction: copyright is not forever ==

In section 4, the phrase "that material will remain under GFDL forever" should be "that material will remain under GFDL until its copyright expires". There may be other phrases like this that I haven't noticed. &ndash;&nbsp;[[:nl:Gebruiker:Gpvos|gpvos]]&nbsp;<small>[[:nl:Overleg gebruiker:Gpvos|(talk)]]</small> 10:40, 24 September 2005 (UTC)

==.gov and .mil images==
Upon advice from [[User:Gmaxwell|Gmaxwell]] I changed the text about images from .gov and .mil sites being in the public domain "as a general rule". There's a lot of commercial stock photography on US gov't sites that is definitely not PD (from Getty Images, for exmaple, for several mistakenly uploaded in the past). Notice replaced with a caution to be careful and first email the webmaster to be sure. [[User:Mindspillage|Mindspillage]] [[User talk:Mindspillage|(spill yours?)]] 13:56, 27 September 2005 (UTC)

== Old Book Covers ==

Following up on [[Wikipedia talk:Image use policy/copyright#Pre-1923 Images from original sources]]: I noticed that the [[:Image:UlyssesCover.jpg|image of the cover]] of [[Ulysses (novel)|Ulysses]] was tagged fair use ([[Template:Book cover]]). However, I believe that since the book was published before 1923 (here, 1922), it falls into Public Domain in the US and since [[James Joyce]] died over 70 years ago, it falls into Public Domain in many other countries. This holds true for as well for [[:Image:8284129109242174464.jpg|Makers of American Silver]] and probably for many other books. Also, since the scan of a book cover can hardly be construed as "original" or "creative" (I think [[Bridgeman Art Library v. Corel Corp.]] applies here), these book cover should be tagged as [[Template:PD-old-70]]. I want to know if anyone agrees before I do this and also if anyone knows what to do for books that are published 1923 or later or authors who died less than 70 years ago. However, as the similar question I noted above has not yet been answered, after over a year(!), I'll just go and do it soon unless told otherwise. [[User:Telso|Telso]] 23:10, 3 October 2005 (UTC)

:I'm a bit late, and my answer is certainly not authoritative, but I have been taking a similar approach with images published pre-1923, though I generally use PD-US. Note that your example with a James Joyce book cover may or may not work under PD-old-70, since it would be the date of death of the ''artist'', not the author, that would apply. Under PD-US, all you need be sure of is the publication date. For images where the artist died before 1905, you can use PD-art. -- [[User:Mwanner|Mwanner]] | [[User talk:Mwanner|Talk]] 16:45, 29 October 2005 (UTC)

== Linking to copyrighted works ==

It is always bad to link to copyrighted works? What if the article is about such a work, and a version exists online? Even if the host is violating copyright, we're not, and it seems like fair use. {{User:Omegatron/sig}} 21:59, 5 October 2005 (UTC)

==Copyright expiration==
I own a book that I think has passed into public domain, and might be a good source for the (currently somewhat light) engineering section of Wikipedia. It's [http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/B0007DOV9Q/qid=1127878001/sr=8-1/ref=sr_8_xs_ap_i1_xgl14/102-5154247-3892950?v=glance&s=books&n=507846 Mechanics of Materials] by Laurson and Cox, 2nd edition (the Wiley & Sons edition, not the Chapman & Hall Amazon is selling). I went [http://library.dts.edu/Pages/RM/Helps/copyright.shtml here] and looked through the renewals for 74, 75, 76 and 63, 64, 65 (since the copyright dates listed are 1938 and 1947), and couldn't find it under the title or either of the authors' names. Is this enough effort to consider it expired, or should I do more? Thanks in advance, [[User:Polyparadigm|Joel]] 03:50, 28 September 2005 (UTC)
:The good folks at [[Wikipedia:Reference Desk]] sugggested I direct this question here, due to your specialized interest. So, uh...what do you guys think?--[[User:Polyparadigm|Joel]] 03:20, 29 September 2005 (UTC)

::Add it to wikisource.org, have fun. [[User:Travb|Travb]] 23:09, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

== Interwiki ==

please add
[[sk:Wikipédia:Autorské práva]]
~~[[User:helix84|helix84]] 17:56, 9 October 2005 (UTC)

== copies of pre-1923 postcards ==

There are several photographs which would be extremely useful at http://pre-grouping.fotopic.net/

They are mostly scans of postcards published pre-[[1923]] in [[England and Wales]] and [[Scotland]], some of them are [[Victorian era|Victorian]].

The owner of the website thinks that they're all public domain. I'm not so sure, though if he owns the copyright he has admitted that he thinks they're public domain anyway.

But I think the creator of the work owns the copyright, or his estate, and the company that employed him to take the photographs, but it is nigh impossible to identify them.

It may be that they are ultimately owned by the NRM, having gone through the 1923 grouping, 1948 nationalisation to the British Railways Board to the NRM.

I think there is a recognised problem with identifying who owns ancient copyrights within the railway book business.

But should I use them?????? [[User:Duncharris|Dunc]]|[[User talk:duncharris|&#9786;]] 21:01, 12 October 2005 (UTC)

::anything published before 1923 is in the public domain, still dont beleive me? Go to http://www.gutenberg.org/ and see tens of thousands of examples. [[User:Travb|Travb]] 23:11, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

== Lawsuits ==

So who files a lawsuit in the case of infringement? Since it's a civil suit, it can't be filed on behalf of other people, the contributors themselves need to file suit, which is a bit strange. What exactly would happen, would they need to contact all the contributors and files a massive class action? [[User:Njyoder|Nathan J. Yoder]] 19:17, 27 October 2005 (UTC)

== A decent source for copyright law in many countries ==

A decent source for copyright law in many countries is at [http://onlinebooks.library.upenn.edu/okbooks.html#whatpd]. It seems to me that we could really use a page like this on WP, or at least a link to such a page. We don't have anything ''like'' enough on non-English language countries' copyright provisions.


The text of Wikipedia is copyrighted (automatically, under the [[Berne Convention]]) by Wikipedia editors and contributors and is formally licensed to the public under one or several liberal licenses. Most of Wikipedia's text and many of its images are co-licensed under the [[Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License|Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License]] (CC BY-SA) and the [[Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License|GNU Free Documentation License]] (GFDL) (unversioned, with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts). Some text has been imported only under CC BY-SA and CC BY-SA-compatible license and cannot be reused under GFDL; such text will be identified on the page footer, in the page history, or on the discussion page of the article that utilizes the text. Every image has a description page that indicates the license under which it is released or, if it is non-free, the rationale under which it is used.
Also, as suggested above, a link to [[Wikipedia:Fair use]] would seem to be called for. -- [[User:Mwanner|Mwanner]] | [[User talk:Mwanner|Talk]] 17:29, 29 October 2005 (UTC)


The licenses [[Wikipedia]] uses grant free access to our content in the same sense that [[free software]] is licensed freely. Wikipedia content can be copied, modified, and redistributed ''if and only if'' the copied version is made available on the same terms to others and acknowledgment of the authors of the Wikipedia article used is included (a link back to the article is generally thought to satisfy the attribution requirement; see below for more details). Copied Wikipedia content will therefore remain ''free'' under an appropriate license and can continue to be used by anyone subject to certain restrictions, most of which aim to ensure that freedom. This principle is known as '''[[copyleft]]''' in contrast to typical copyright licenses.


To this end,
:While looking for info on copyright law in other countries, I came across this page [http://www.copyright.gov/circs/circ22.html#general] that contains the following ominous paragraph:
*'''Permission is granted''' to copy, distribute and/or modify Wikipedia's text under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License and, ''unless otherwise noted'', the GNU Free Documentation License, unversioned, with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts.
*A copy of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License is included in the section entitled "[[Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License]]"
*A copy of the GNU Free Documentation License is included in the section entitled "[[Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License|GNU Free Documentation License]]".<!--- see Text of the GFDL, "How to use this license" for why we use this specific form of words (+discussion in Talk) --->
*Content on Wikipedia is covered by [[Wikipedia:General disclaimer|disclaimers]].


The English text of the CC BY-SA and GFDL licenses is the only legally binding restriction between authors and users of Wikipedia content. What follows is our interpretation of CC BY-SA and GFDL, as it pertains to the rights and obligations of users and contributors.
::Even if you conclude that a work is in the public domain in the United States, this does not necessarily mean that you are free to use it in other countries. Every nation has its own laws governing the length and scope of copyright protection, and these are applicable to uses of the work within that nation’s borders. Thus, the expiration or loss of copyright protection in the United States may still leave the work fully protected against unauthorized use in other countries.


== Contributors' rights and obligations ==
:What, exactly, does "use it in other countries" mean? Anyone have a clue what law pertains when a person in Nigeria reads a Wikipedia article off of a server in France that contains a photo first published in Spain in 1938 (just to pick an arbitrary example). Should we be worrying about this stuff? -- [[User:Mwanner|Mwanner]] | [[User talk:Mwanner|Talk]] 17:55, 29 October 2005 (UTC)
{{shortcuts|WP:CRANDO}}
If you contribute text directly to Wikipedia, you thereby license it to the public for reuse under CC BY-SA and GFDL (unversioned, with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts). Non-text media may be contributed under a variety of different licenses that support the general goal of allowing unrestricted re-use and re-distribution. See [[#Guidelines for images and other media files|Guidelines for images and other media files]], below.


If you want to import text that you have found elsewhere or that you have co-authored with others, you can only do so if it is available under terms that are compatible with the CC BY-SA license. You do not need to ensure or guarantee that the imported text is available under the GNU Free Documentation License, unless you are its sole author. Furthermore, please note that you cannot import information which is available only under the GFDL. In other words, you may only import text that is (a) single-licensed under terms compatible with the CC BY-SA license or (b) dual-licensed with the GFDL and another license with terms compatible with the CC BY-SA license. If you are the sole author of the material, you must license it under both CC BY-SA and GFDL.
Don't worry until the first lawsuit ... --[[User:134.130.68.65|134.130.68.65]] 16:17, 22 November 2005 (UTC)


If the material, text or media, has been previously published and you wish to donate it to Wikipedia under appropriate license, you will need to verify copyright permission through one of our established procedures. See [[Wikipedia:Donating copyrighted materials]] for details. If you are not a copyright holder, you will still need to verify copyright permission; see the [[#Using copyrighted work from others|Using copyrighted work from others]] section below.
::Just as a basic principle of non-paranoia: the chance of being sued over something like this is very slim. We ''might'' get a letter asking us to remove the picture because someone claims copyright, and if the claim was anything like reasonable, we'd probably abide by it promptly. Past that, pretty much the only basis to get ''damages'' in a copyright suit is if someone could show that our use of the image cost them money: typically, that means that someone would have paid for a copy of the image, or of a work of which the image is part, if we hadn't given it away. There are not a lot of single images for which that would be the case, so the stakes are pretty low. On the other hand, if someone had a book of 235 photos and we used 60 of them, they might have a great basis for a suit.


You retain copyright to materials you contribute to Wikipedia, text and media. Copyright is ''never'' transferred to Wikipedia. You can later republish and relicense them in any way you like. However, you can never retract or alter the license for copies of materials that you place here; these copies will remain so licensed until they enter the [[public domain]] when your copyright expires (currently some decades after an author's death).
::We'd all do well to remember: the lines we (Wikipedia) draw on image use etc. are an effort to stay ''well within'' the law. In general, we are not skirting the edges and tempting fate. As far as I know, the only place we've taken a "so sue me" attitude is the claim that some museums make that they own the rights to reproductions of pictures of which they own the original. To the best of my knowledge, no court has ever upheld such a claim, and we've decided to bet on what looks like good legal precedent, if not universally agreed legal principle. -- [[User:Jmabel|Jmabel]] | [[User talk:Jmabel|Talk]] 03:41, 23 November 2005 (UTC)


=== Using copyrighted work from others ===
== Time to fix copyvio ==
{{shortcuts|WP:COPYOTHERS}}
I noted a copyvio in an article, which has been added to quite a bit but is still very obviously derived from the original source. After I reverted to a non-violating version, the user who originally introduced the copyrighted material and is also one of the major contributors to the article reverted it back, saying he would edit out the non-original material "in a month or so." I would think that the correct thing to do is revert the article until the rewrite is available, but I wanted to ask. How long can the article remain as a copyvio while awaiting or in the process of having the "bad" material removed? --[[User:Bgruber|Bgruber]] 16:09, 3 November 2005 (UTC)
All creative works are copyrighted, by international agreement, unless either they fall into the [[Wikipedia:Public domain|public domain]] or their copyright is explicitly disclaimed. Generally, Wikipedia must have permission to use copyrighted works. There are some circumstances under which copyrighted works may be legally utilized without permission; see [[Wikipedia:Non-free content]] for specific details on when and how to utilize such material. However, it is our goal to be able to freely redistribute as much of Wikipedia's material as possible, so original images and sound files licensed under CC BY-SA and GFDL (unversioned, with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts) or in the [[public domain]] are greatly preferred to copyrighted media files used under [[fair use]] or otherwise.
: 0 seconds? This is simply not allowed. Known copyvio material should not be in Wikipedia, even temporarily. -- [[User:Jmabel|Jmabel]] | [[User talk:Jmabel|Talk]] 22:35, 5 November 2005 (UTC)


If you want to import media (including text) that you have found elsewhere, and it does not meet the [[Wikipedia:Non-free content|non-free content policy and guideline]], you can only do so if it is public domain or available under terms that are compatible with the CC BY-SA license. If you import media under a compatible license which requires attribution, you must, in a reasonable fashion, credit the author(s). You must also in most cases ''verify'' that the material is compatibly licensed or public domain. If the original source of publication contains a copyright disclaimer or other indication that the material is free for use, a link to it on the media description page or the article's talk page may satisfy this requirement. If you obtain special permission to use a copyrighted work from the copyright holder under compatible terms, you must make a note of that fact (along with the relevant names and dates) and verify this through one of several processes. See [[Wikipedia:Requesting copyright permission]] for the procedure for asking a copyright holder to grant a usable license for their work and for the processes for verifying that license has been granted.
== Two questions ==


'''Never''' use materials that infringe the copyrights of others. This could create legal liabilities and seriously hurt Wikipedia. If in doubt, write the content yourself, thereby creating a new copyrighted work which can be included in Wikipedia without trouble.
I wish to clarify two things:
# If I take a photograph of a newspaper, is it "copyrighted" (by the newspaper's publisher) (and if so, is this "fair use"?), or is it a work created by me (so that I can e.g. put it under the GFDL)?
# How about public art? (I suppose if posters are ok these must be ok, but just to be safe…)
Thanks—[[User:Gniw|Gniw (Wing)]] 03:58, 4 November 2005 (UTC)


Note that copyright law governs the creative expression of ideas, ''not'' the ideas or information themselves. Therefore, it is legal to read an encyclopedia article or other work, reformulate the concepts in your own words, and submit it to Wikipedia, so long as you do not follow the source too closely. (See our Copyright FAQ for more on [[Wikipedia:FAQ/Copyright#Can I add something to Wikipedia that I got from somewhere else?|how much reformulation may be necessary]] as well as [[Wikipedia:FAQ/Copyright#Derivative works|the distinction between summary and abridgment]].) However, it would still be unethical (but not illegal) to do so without citing the original as a reference (see the [[wikipedia:plagiarism|plagiarism guideline]]).
:IANAL, but I believe, for question 1, you can copyright a photograph of a copyrighted work '''only if''' your photo essentially ''transforms'' the original work into a work of art (you paint on the paper, make a collage of it, it appears as one element in a larger composition, etc.).
{{anchor|LINKING}}


=== Linking to copyrighted works ===
:As for question 2, I believe that you would obtain copyright on your photograph of a sculpture, as there is something inherently creative about the choice of angle, lighting composition, etc., but publishing a photograph of a copyrighted painting would violate the author's copyright-- you do not create a new, copyrightable work by making a "slavish copy". See [[Bridgeman Art Library v. Corel Corp.]], which is kinda the obverse of this question, in that it deals with public domain art. -- [[User:Mwanner|Mwanner]] | [[User talk:Mwanner|Talk]] 18:12, 4 November 2005 (UTC)
{{shortcuts|WP:COPYLINK|WP:COPYLINKS|WP:LINKVIO}}
Since most recently-created works are copyrighted, almost any Wikipedia article which [[Wikipedia:Cite sources|cites its sources]] will link to copyrighted material. It is not necessary to obtain the permission of a copyright holder before linking to copyrighted material, just as an author of a book does not need permission to cite someone else's work in their [[bibliography]]. Likewise, Wikipedia is not restricted to linking only to CC BY-SA or open-source content.


However, if you know or reasonably suspect that an external Web site is carrying a work in violation of copyright, do not link to that copy of the work without the permission of the copyright holder. An example would be linking to a site hosting the lyrics of many popular songs without permission from their copyright holders. Knowingly and intentionally directing others to a site that violates copyright has been considered a form of [[Contributory copyright infringement|contributory infringement]] in the United States (''[[Intellectual Reserve v. Utah Lighthouse Ministry]]'' [http://www.law.uh.edu/faculty/cjoyce/copyright/release10/IntRes.html]); cf. ''[[GS Media v Sanoma]]'' for a landmark case in the European Union. Linking to a page that illegally distributes someone else's work sheds a bad light on Wikipedia and its editors.
: See [[Derivative work]]. -- [[User:Jmabel|Jmabel]] | [[User talk:Jmabel|Talk]] 22:37, 5 November 2005 (UTC)


The copyright status of [[web archiving|web archives]] in the United States is unclear. On Wikipedia it is currently acceptable to link to archives such as [[Wikipedia:Using the Wayback Machine|the Wayback Machine]], which host unmodified archived copies of webpages taken at various points in time.
::I am completely confused. Does it mean that if I want to upload some photos of public art (or a place where art is everywhere and cannot be avoided) to Wikipedia,
::# it is not allowed (which explains why there aren’t many photos of subway stations in Wikipedia)
::# it is a blanket “fair use”
::# it is “fair use”, but only if the purpose of the photo is to let the reader identify the piece of art
::# it is “fair use”, but only if the article is a piece of art criticism
::# none of the above (and if so, what)
::and if I have already uploaded photos and it is “not allowed”, or “fair use” only when the article must critique the art (instead of describing, say, a subway station), how do I delete the photo? (Should I mark my own upload as copyvio and let the admins delete them? That sounds nasty…) :-(
::Thanks—[[User:Gniw|Gniw (Wing)]] 04:07, 6 November 2005 (UTC)


In articles about a website, it is acceptable to include a link to that website even if there are possible copyright violations somewhere on the site.
:::It just isn't that clearcut. You can't copyright a subway station; not even the lovely ones in Moscow. It matters (a lot) whether your picture is basically of the ''place'', and a public work of art just happens to form part of the place, or your picture fundamentally amounts to a reproduction of the work of art. Other factors also enter, including the context in which the image is used.


Context is also important; it may be acceptable to link to a reputable website's review of a particular film, even if it presents a still from the film (such uses are generally either explicitly permitted by distributors or allowed under fair use). However, linking directly to the still of the film removes the context and the site's justification for permitted use or fair use.
::: One thing I can dispense with, though. There is no such thing as "blanket fair use" for an image. If the image is copyrighted, them some uses are not fair. If "blanket use" is OK, that can only mean that the image is either not copyrighted, or is licensed for "blanket use".


=== Copyright violations ===
:::It would be a lot easier to talk about concrete examples (specific picture, specific use). IANAL, of course, and Wikipedia probably sets itself stricter standards for fair use than the law requires, and case law is spotty in this area, anyway, but I have a pretty good sense of this and probably can give you a decent answer to a more specific question. -- [[User:Jmabel|Jmabel]] | [[User talk:Jmabel|Talk]] 09:20, 6 November 2005 (UTC)
{{see also|Wikipedia:Copyright violations}}
Contributors who repeatedly post copyrighted material despite appropriate warnings may be [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from editing by any [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] to prevent further problems.


If you suspect a copyright violation, you should at least bring up the issue on that page's [[Wikipedia:Talk page|discussion page]]. Others can then examine the situation and take action if needed. Some cases will be false alarms. For example, text that can be found elsewhere on the Web that was in fact copied from Wikipedia in the first place is not a copyright violation on Wikipedia's part.
::::The specific cases for me would be [[Finch (TTC)]], [[North York Centre (TTC)]] (the top photo), [[Sheppard-Yonge (TTC)]], [[Bessarion (TTC)]], [[Leslie (TTC)]], and [[Don Mills (TTC)]].


If a page contains material which infringes copyright, that material–and the whole page, if there is no other material present–should be removed. See [[Wikipedia:Copyright violations]] for more information, and [[Wikipedia:Copyright problems#Instructions|Wikipedia:Copyright problems]] for detailed instructions.
::::[[North York Centre (TTC)]] (the bottom photos) and [[Bayview (TTC)]] are similar but someone else uploaded the photos.


=== Guidelines for images and other media files {{Anchors|Images|Videos|Audio|Image guidelines}}===
::::For the first question the specific case would be for me [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Today_Daily_News_%28Toronto%29&oldid=27232129], though if someone could explain the reason for [[Toronto Sun]] being considered not ok but [[broadsheet]] apparently ok (a straight reading of the guidelines would have me “almost” believe the Toronto Sun use is ok for Wikipedia, and conversely if Toronto Sun is not ok then it’d be very difficult to understand why broadsheet is fine) would be much appreciated.
Images, photographs, video and sound files, like written works, are subject to [[copyright]]. Someone holds the copyright unless the work has explicitly been placed in the [[Wikipedia:Public domain|public domain]]. Images, video and sound files on the internet need to be licensed directly from the copyright holder or someone able to license on their behalf. In some cases, [[fair use]] guidelines may allow them to be used irrespective of any copyright claims.


On Wikipedia, the use of media files is subject to the [[Wikipedia:Image use policy|image use policy]], and additionally the use of non-free content is governed by [[Wikipedia:Non-free content]]. Image description pages must be tagged with a special tag to indicate the legal status of the images, as described at [[Wikipedia:Image copyright tags]]. Untagged or incorrectly-tagged images may be deleted.
::::(I personally don’t believe photos of public art would be problematic, otherwise TTC would have stated that fact instead of “no professional photographers allowed” in the public notice.)—[[User:Gniw|Gniw (Wing)]] 14:16, 6 November 2005 (UTC)


Questions about media copyright may be directed to [[WP:MCQ|Wikipedia:Media copyright questions]], which is generally staffed by volunteers familiar with Wikipedia's media copyright guidelines and policies.
On the subway photos, I can't imagine a problem, assuming that the photos were uploaded by the person who took them. These are basically photos of public spaces; the fact that there may be a work of art visible in the public space should not be an issue: clearly these are not basically reproductions of that work of art. -- [[User:Jmabel|Jmabel]] | [[User talk:Jmabel|Talk]] 23:58, 6 November 2005 (UTC)


== Governing copyright law ==
I don't see anything problematic about the ''Toronto Sun'' example. Clearly they could not reasonably claim that you are diminishing the value of their asset by the use of these pictures, which is the biggest issue. The use of their copyrighted materials seems to fall withing fair use where you use it in a context of legitimate comment on the confusion between the newspaper and the flyer. Does anyone else see a problem with this that I'm missing? -- [[User:Jmabel|Jmabel]] | [[User talk:Jmabel|Talk]] 00:04, 7 November 2005 (UTC)
{{More|Wikipedia:Non-U.S. copyrights}}
The Wikimedia Foundation is based in the United States and accordingly governed by United States copyright law. Regardless, according to [[Jimbo Wales]], the co-founder of Wikipedia, Wikipedia contributors should respect the copyright law of other nations, even if these do not have official copyright relations with the United States.[http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2005-August/027373.html]


A brief summary of non-U.S. copyright laws, including guidelines on determining copyright status of the material in the United States, is available at [[Wikipedia:Non-U.S. copyrights]].
:Oh that’s good. I’m going to take pictures of every subway station that’s missing photos :D


===Works by the United States Federal Government===
:If the ''Today Daily News'' photo is ok (the one with the paper and flyer side by side) I'm considering re-using it in the article. Good :D
{{further|Wikipedia:Public domain#U.S. government works|selfref=yes}}


Works produced by civilian and military employees of the [[United States]] federal government in the scope of their employment are public domain by statute in the United States (though they may be protected by copyright outside the U.S.). It is not enough that the employee was working at the time; he/she must have made the work as part of his/her duties (e.g. a soldier who takes a photograph with his/her personal camera while on patrol in Iraq owns the copyright to the photo, but it may find its way onto a unit webpage or otherwise be licensed to the government).
:For the ''Toronto Sun'' exampe, I saw a comment about the work being copyrighted and unlicensed (in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Droegedead.jpg). Rereading the page, it seem to have been generated by a tag and not an editor's comment. I guess the uploader just used the wrong tag.


However, not every work republished by the U.S. government falls into this category. The U.S. government can own copyrights that are assigned to it by others–for example, works created by contractors.
:Thanks for answering my questions.—[[User:Gniw|Gniw (Wing)]] 00:11, 7 November 2005 (UTC)
{{quotation|'''United States Code; ''Title 17; Chapter 1; § 105''''' Subject matter of copyright; United States Government works.
Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States Government, but the United States Government is not precluded from receiving and holding copyrights transferred to it by assignment, bequest, or otherwise.[https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/105 US Code]}}


Moreover, images and other media found on .mil and .gov websites may be using commercial [[stock photography]] owned by others. It may be useful to check the privacy and security notice of the website, but only with an email to the webmaster can you be confident that an image is in the public domain.
== Fair use (again) ==


Note that while the United States government does not claim copyright protection on its own works, governments outside the U.S. often do claim copyright over works produced by their employees. (For example, several Commonwealth realms utilize [[Crown copyright]].)
There is a section on [[Fair use]], but it provides no link to [[Wikipedia:Fair use]]. Could we get this added (or changed)? TIA -- [[User:Mwanner|Mwanner]] | [[User talk:Mwanner|Talk]] 00:26, 7 November 2005 (UTC)


===Works by state governments of the United States===
== Is Google even legal? ==
In contrast to the federal government, most state and local governments in the United States retain copyright to their employees' work. Such work is not in the public domain, so please make sure to [[Copyright status of works by subnational governments of the United States|check copyright information]] before using it.


== Reusers' rights and obligations ==
Google does not mention anywhere, anything about the GFDL when they return definition results in their search engine. i.e. define:someword. There is no mention of the GFDL and no link to a local or external copy of the GFDL. {{unsigned|68.151.20.123|21 Nov 2005}}
{{main|Wikipedia:Reusing Wikipedia content}}
The only Wikipedia content you should contact the Wikimedia Foundation about is the trademarked Wikipedia/Wikimedia logos, which are not freely usable without permission (members of the media, see [[Foundation:Press room]], others see [[Wikipedia:Contact us]]). If you want to use other Wikipedia materials in your own books/articles/websites or other publications, you can do so, unless it is used under the [[WP:NFC|non-free content provisions]]—but only in compliance with the licensing terms. Please follow the guidelines below:


===Re-use of text===
: They have at least our implicit permission to index our content. We find it beneficial that they do so. They comply with requests not to do so. -- [[User:Jmabel|Jmabel]] | [[User talk:Jmabel|Talk]] 18:07, 21 November 2005 (UTC)
; Attribution
: To re-distribute text on Wikipedia in any form, provide credit to the authors either by including a) a [[hyperlink]] (where possible) or [[URL]] to the page or pages you are re-using, b) a hyperlink (where possible) or URL to an alternative, stable online copy which is freely accessible, which conforms with the license, and which provides credit to the authors in a manner equivalent to the credit given on this website, or c) a list of all authors. (Any list of authors may be filtered to exclude very small or irrelevant contributions.) This applies to text developed by the Wikipedia community. Text from external sources may attach additional attribution requirements to the work, which should be indicated on an article's face or on its talk page. For example, a page may have a banner or other notation indicating that some or all of its content was originally published somewhere else. Where such notations are visible in the page itself, they should generally be preserved by re-users.
; Copyleft/Share Alike
: If you make modifications or additions to the page you re-use, you must license them under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License or later.
; Indicate changes
: If you make modifications or additions, you must indicate in a reasonable fashion that the original work has been modified. If you are re-using the page in a wiki, for example, indicating this in the page history is sufficient.
; Licensing notice
: Each copy or modified version that you distribute must include a licensing notice stating that the work is released under CC BY-SA and either a) a hyperlink or URL to the text of the license or b) a copy of the license. For this purpose, a suitable URL is: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/


'''For further information''', please refer to the [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.en legal code of the CC BY-SA License].
: I can't believe people are asking such kind of questions, and in Wikipedia of all places. Copyright law is destroying the Internet culture.—[[User:Gniw|Gniw (Wing)]] 18:46, 21 November 2005 (UTC)


====Additional availability of text under the GNU Free Documentation License====
: It's not the copyright law that I was questioning. I was questioning why google can take content from the wikipedia and not make any reference to the GFDL. So now that I have a partial answer, I'm still quite confused. Why can a small website or medium website who is not google, not have the same rights as google? It's not the copyright in question, it is the copyleft in question. I have no problem with google using the content of the wikipedia without referencing the GFDL, if I and every other small website owner that indexes website content have the same right. That includes all other corporations in addition to the small website owner. --Lars Olson


For compatibility reasons, any page which does not incorporate text that is exclusively available under CC BY-SA or a CC BY-SA-compatible license is also available under the terms of the [http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html GNU Free Documentation License]. In order to determine whether a page is available under the GFDL, review the page footer, page history, and discussion page for attribution of single-licensed content that is not GFDL-compatible. Since all text published before June 15th, 2009 on Wikipedia was released under the GFDL, you can ensure GFDL compatibility by using the page history to retrieve content published before that date.
::Again, they have at least our implicit permission to index our content. If we didn't want it indexed, we would follow the [[Robots Exclusion Standard]]. -- [[User:Jmabel|Jmabel]] | [[User talk:Jmabel|Talk]] 08:47, 4 December 2005 (UTC)


===Re-use of non-text media===
== copyvio on User Talk-pages ==


Where not otherwise noted, non-text media files are available under various free culture licenses, consistent with the [[wmf:Resolution:Licensing_policy|Wikimedia Foundation Licensing Policy]]. Please view the media description page for details about the license of any specific media file.
What about pasting copyright protected material on lots of users talk-pages? Like all the things [[User:Armour]] copied from Encyclopædia Britannica. Doesn't it has to be Copyright violation in some way? How should it be dealt with? --[[User:Boivie|Boivie]] 22:08, 23 November 2005 (UTC)
:Interesting issue, not least because I keep encountering cases in which a certain user copies material from websites to talk pages, in order to use them as arguments in a discussion. If you edit a talk page, no matter if it is a user one or not, you'll see "DO NOT SUBMIT COPYRIGHTED WORK WITHOUT PERMISSION" at the bottom of the page, and "Only public domain resources can be copied exactly—this does not include most web pages." I've adjusted my User preferences to de:Deutsch, which has another sentence. It tranlates as "Please DO NOT COPY WEBSITES which are not yours, do NOT use COPYRIGHTED WORK without permission of the copyright-holder." It seems to me to be an obvious case and anyway, I do not think the people from Britannica would like to have their work published. Don't forget that talk pages can be found via Google too. I cannot tell you whether their translation is a copyvio too but I think it is. [[User:Nightbeast|NightBeAsT]] 15:06, 24 November 2005 (UTC)


=== Non-free materials and special requirements ===
== Policy Template ==


Wikipedia articles may also include quotations, images, or other media under the U.S. Copyright law "fair use" doctrine in accordance with our [[Wikipedia:Non-free content|guidelines for non-free content]]. ''In Wikipedia'', such "fair use" material should be identified as from an external source by an appropriate method (on the image description page, or history page, as appropriate; quotations should be denoted with quotation marks or block quotation in accordance with [[Wikipedia:MOSQUOTE#Quotations|Wikipedia's manual of style]]). This leads to possible restrictions on the use, outside of Wikipedia, of such "fair use" content retrieved from Wikipedia: this "fair use" content does not fall under the CC BY-SA or GFDL license as such, but under the "fair use" (or similar/different) regulations in the country where the media are retrieved.
This page needs a <nowiki>{{policy}}</nowiki> tag, because it is listed in [[:Category:Wikipedia official policy]]. (Or remove the Cat). --<font color="#1569C7"><b>[[User:Miketwo|Michael]]</b></font> [[User_talk:Miketwo|<font color="#FF0000"><sup>(talk)</sup></font>]] 13:05, 25 November 2005 (UTC)


Prior to June 15, 2009, Wikipedia did permit some text under licenses that were compatible with the GFDL but might require additional terms that were not required for original Wikipedia text (such as including Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts, or Back-Cover Texts). However, these materials could only be placed if the original copyright holders did not require that they be carried forward; for that reason, they impose no special burden for reuse.
== Request for ceb interwiki ==
Please provide a link to the Cebuano WP equivalent of this page: [[ceb:Wikipedya:Katungod sa pagpatik]]. Thanks! --[[User:58.69.21.243|58.69.21.243]] 07:58, 28 November 2005 (UTC) (Bentong Isles from the Cebuano Wikipedia)


== User page copyright notices ==
== Reusing text within Wikipedia ==
{{Main|Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia}}


When you [[Wikipedia:Merging|merge]] or [[Wikipedia:Splitting|split]] an article, or otherwise move text from one page to another within Wikipedia, the [[Help:Page history|page history functionality]] cannot by itself determine where the content originally came from. This may violate the attribution clause of the project's licenses. If you are copying text within Wikipedia, you must at least put a link to the source page in an [[Help:Edit summary|edit summary]] at the destination page. It is encouraged to do the same thing at the source page, and to add notices at the talk pages of both.
Do we have any policy -- or even, suggested course of action -- about copyright notices on user pages, purporting to withhold permissions that the GFDL grants? (Such as redistribution.) It strikes me this could cause a certain amount of confusion, though I assume it doesn't cause any legal problems as such, given how explicit and up-front we are about the GFDL being a given. In other words, ignore 'em, ask the user to remove them, remove on sight? [[User:Alai|Alai]] 02:54, 30 November 2005 (UTC)


If you reuse text which you created '''yourself''', the above may still be a good idea to avoid confusion, but it isn't mandatory.
: There was a big flap about this some months ago. I forget the name of the user involved. The outcome was that such notices aren't permitted, for exactly the reasons you cite. [[User:UninvitedCompany|The Uninvited]] Co., [[User_talk:UninvitedCompany|Inc.]] 03:23, 30 November 2005 (UTC)


==If you are the owner of Wikipedia-hosted content being used without your permission==
::I'm much obliged; the pages one doesn't have on one's watchlist, until some time after one realizes one needed 'em. [[User:Alai|Alai]] 03:26, 30 November 2005 (UTC)
{{anchor|owner}}
'''If you are the owner of content that is being used on Wikipedia without your permission''', then you may request the page be immediately removed from Wikipedia; see [[Wikipedia:Request for immediate removal of copyright violation|Request for immediate removal of copyright violation]]. You can also contact our [[wikimedia:designated agent|designated agent]] to have it permanently removed (but it may take up to a week for the page to be deleted that way). You may also blank the page and replace it with the words {{tlx|copyvio|''URL or place you published the text''}} but the text will still be in the page history. Either way, we will, of course, need some evidence to support your claim of ownership.


Inversely, if you are the editor of a Wikipedia article and have found a copy hosted without following the licensing requirements for attribution, please see [[Wikipedia:Standard license violation letter]].


== See also ==
==Photos used on other site w/out attribution==
* [[Wikipedia:Copyright problems]]
It was pointed out to me that http://www.caninecrib.com/dog/pictures/ is using many many pohtos from Wikipedia w/out attribution. I've sent them email, but does anyone know whether there's a procedure to follow or a committee that handles this kind of thing or whatever if they DON'T comply?
* [[Wikipedia:Designated agent]]
* [[Wikipedia:Example requests for permission]]
* [[Wikipedia:FAQ/Contributing#Copyrights]]
* [[Wikipedia:FAQ/Copyright]]
* [[Wikipedia:File copyright tags]]
* [[Wikipedia:Freedom of panorama]]
* [[Wikipedia:Mirrors and forks]]
* [[Wikipedia:Non-free content]]
* [[Wikipedia:Non-U.S. copyrights]]
* [[Wikipedia:Plagiarism]]
* [[Wikipedia:Scanning an image does not make it your "own work"]]
* [[Wikipedia:Spotting possible copyright violations]]
* [[Wikipedia:Standard license violation letter]]
* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Copyright Cleanup]]


== External links ==
I'd monitor it myself except that wikipedia has ruined my life (well--not really--just takes too much time) and except for today I've been avoiding it and will have to go back to avoiding it. [[User:71.131.35.122|71.131.35.122]] 00:02, 3 December 2005 (UTC) (Ooops, that was me [[User:Elf|Elf]] &#124; &#91;&#91;User talk:Elf&#124;Talk]] 00:03, 3 December 2005 (UTC))
* [[:commons:Commons:Copyright_rules|Commons:Copyright rules]]
* [[m:Avoid Copyright Paranoia]]


[[Category:Wikipedia copyright]]
[[Category:Wikipedia policies]]
[[Category:Wikipedia legal policies]]
[[Category:Wikipedia content policies]]
</syntaxhighlight> <span style="border-radius:9pt;border:solid 2px #008;padding:1px;background-color:#bff">[[User:2003 LN6|<span style="color:#b00">2003</span>]] [[User:2003LN6/t|<span style="color:#0b0">LN</span>]][[User:2003LN6/c|<span style="color:#00b">6</span>]]</span> 23:51, 30 March 2024 (UTC)
: {{Done}}. For future reference don't copy-paste the entire page - say exactly what you want changed and nothing extra. [[User:Pppery|* Pppery *]] [[User talk:Pppery|<sub style="color:#800000">it has begun...</sub>]] 00:45, 31 March 2024 (UTC)


== "The U.S. government can own copyrights" ==
== Graphics for Mathematics Articles ==
I would like to create graphics for some of the more incomplete mathematics articles, using Mathematica and possibly Matlab. I don't know what kind of licenses I can use, is there anyone that knows, or can suggest someone to ask? -[[User:Monguin61|Monguin61]] 01:32, 10 December 2005 (UTC)


{{tq|However, not every work republished by the U.S. government falls into this category. The U.S. government can own copyrights that are assigned to it by others–for example, works created by contractors.}}
== Question about [[Gary Barnett]] and rewriting copyright violations ==


Wording unclear. If the government own the copyright, does that set the copyright free (PD)? Can we use it? [[User:Schierbecker|Schierbecker]] ([[User talk:Schierbecker|talk]]) 18:41, 6 May 2024 (UTC)
I tagged [[Gary Barnett]] as a copyright violation. Another user, acting in good faith, restored a slightly cleaned-up version of the copyrighted text, which was a biography of Barnett posted on a website of Barnett's former employer, the [[University of Colorado at Boulder]]. Is [http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gary_Barnett&diff=30685214&oldid=30648905] still a copyright violation? [[User:NatusRoma|NatusRoma]] 02:43, 10 December 2005 (UTC)

Latest revision as of 18:53, 23 May 2024

Edit request[edit]

The page states, However, if you know or reasonably suspect that an external Web site is carrying a work in violation of the creator's copyright, do not link to that copy of the work The creator is not always the copyright holder. I believe that this section is actually intended to prohibit linking to works posted in violation of copyright regardless of who holds the copyright. Therefore, I suggest rephrasing to: However, if you know or reasonably suspect that an external Web site is carrying a work without the permission of the copyright holder, do not link to that copy of the work (t · c) buidhe 22:45, 10 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]

 Done * Pppery * it has begun... 00:13, 11 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]
Hi @Buidhe and Pppery: I think this has the potential to cause more confusion than it solves - explicit permission isn't always needed (eg when it's CC licensed) and people often misunderstand that. Would suggest the much simpler solution to the issue buidhe raises would be to just strike "the creator's" from the original wording. Nikkimaria (talk) 00:32, 11 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]
I would think that a CC license is the copyright holder giving permission. * Pppery * it has begun... 00:32, 11 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]
I would agree, but unfortunately not everyone understands that ;-) and if we have the opportunity to avoid that confusion, that is preferable. Nikkimaria (talk) 00:35, 11 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]
I did think of this hypothetical confusion, but the previous one is already causing issues since people assume it's OK to link a postprint research paper posted by an author. (t · c) buidhe 01:01, 11 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]
Which is why I think just removing creator fixes it - it's an issue of violating copyright no matter who holds that copyright. Nikkimaria (talk) 01:05, 11 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]
Reopening, per above. Nikkimaria (talk) 04:05, 15 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]
 Done UtherSRG (talk) 18:27, 16 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Is it OK to link to photo archives?[edit]

To use a copyrighted photo as a ref to support a fact. I know that photos make poor refs, but they're allowable I think. The last paragraph of WP:COPYLINK is the part of the rule that comes closest addresseing this I think, and it says:

Context is also important; it may be acceptable to link to a reputable website's review of a particular film, even if it presents a still from the film (such uses are generally either explicitly permitted by distributors or allowed under fair use). However, linking directly to the still of the film removes the context and the site's justification for permitted use or fair use.

Alright, if you want to prove that Joe Shmoe starred in (or was said to star in anyway) some movie, and you've got an article which doesn't say so but does include a picture of a copyrighted movie poster that does say so (they are presumably using the picture of the poster under legit fair use), then link to the article and not the photo. Well and good.

But what if the copyrighted photo has no meaningful context?

An example would be, say, a photo on a photo gallery site which is selling photos. They took the photo and own the copyright. So they're not displaying them under fair use. Let's say the context is minimal, such as "Get an 8 x 10 of this cool photo for $10, enter your credit card and address if you want one". There's no context to remove, basically. You're not linking directly to just the photo (like "htpps://photoland/coolphoto.gif"), but almost.

(We are leaving aside for now the question of the url being possibly unstable, and that photos are probably poor refs generally. Different issues.)

My take is that it'd be OK according to rule anyway.

Except: Photoland is serving the page explicitly and solely to sell copies. All or essentially all of our usual refs are different; an article in the "New York Times" is not served explicitly and solely to sell copies of that article. So it's different (altho there is very often a pecuniary motive, in this case maybe that the Times wants to draw people to their site so they can sell subscriptions).

FWIW, both the Times and Photoland would be glad to have more visitors go their page, one would think, to sell subscriptions or sell more copies of the photo, respectively, if that matters (commercial considerations do matter for uploading a picture for fair use, but that's different from linking.) But we can't 100% assume that Photoland would be happy to have their page being used as a reference rather than just being visited by people looking to buy photos. Maybe it messes up their page counts which they use for figuring what pictures to feature, or something. (Technically we don't have to care about that I guess, only about the law. But still.)

My take is that even considering this difference it'd still be OK, by both the spirit and text of the rule. Am I correct? Herostratus (talk) 00:12, 29 October 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Can we add translations to this page?[edit]

Can we add a brief note on this page to cover translations and link to Wikipedia:Close paraphrasing#Translation? I have seen multiple people mistakenly translate content without realizing they were creating a derivative work? Rjjiii (talk) 17:39, 20 November 2023 (UTC)[reply]

 You are invited to join the discussion at Wikipedia:Redirects for discussion/Log/2023 December 4 § List of gender names. Given the comments that have been made so far, it would be helpful (in my opinion) for this discussion to have input from editors experienced in attribution policy/requirements for copying within Wikipedia. Best, user:A smart kittenmeow 14:40, 5 December 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Court of Appeal ruling will prevent UK museums from charging reproduction fees[edit]

Possibly of value?

  • "Court of Appeal ruling will prevent UK museums from charging reproduction fees—at last". The Art Newspaper. 29 December 2023.

Fyi only. --𝕁𝕄𝔽 (talk) 23:16, 30 December 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Edit request[edit]

This sentence in the section "Linking to copyrighted works" appears to be incorrect:

However, if you know or reasonably suspect that an external Web site is carrying a work in violation of copyright, do not link to that copy of the work without the permission of the copyright holder, do not link to that copy of the work.

The last bit should be removed:

However, if you know or reasonably suspect that an external Web site is carrying a work in violation of copyright, do not link to that copy of the work without the permission of the copyright holder.

Thank you for your time. — gabldotink talk | contribs | global account ] 06:30, 31 December 2023 (UTC)[reply]

 Done * Pppery * it has begun... 15:42, 31 December 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Could we use the mbox template for the intro blurb?[edit]

I don't exactly like the use of the broken HTML in this matter when there is a template that formats the notice much much better. It is not even center aligned. For example:

How would this look on the page? Awesome Aasim 18:41, 1 March 2024 (UTC)[reply]

"Internet archives"[edit]

The text currently reads:

The copyright status of Internet archives in the United States is unclear

This is confusing for two reasons:

  1. "Internet archives" actually goes to web archives
  2. "Internet archives" is easily confused with "Internet archive" which is the name of a specific web archive provider, and one so large and dominate (over 90% of enwiki) that one might be easily mistaken.

I see no reason to use a non-standard name for "web archives". Recommend simply changing to:

The copyright status of web archives in the United States is unclear

..because "web archives" is what they are called. -- GreenC 16:24, 10 March 2024 (UTC)[reply]

 Done along with some additional text scope clarifying there. — xaosflux Talk 18:51, 10 March 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Input requested[edit]

There is a discussion that may be of your interest including the topic proprietary services, at Template talk:GeoTemplate#Splitting Global/Trans-national services. Your input is welcomed. Sincerely, Thinker78 (talk) 23:09, 17 March 2024 (UTC)[reply]

@Thinker78 2806:10A6:13:52DE:7CF0:8C5E:87E:DEDF (talk) 23:40, 4 April 2024 (UTC)[reply]

Protected edit request on 30 March 2024[edit]

-per MOS:':

{{short description|Wikipedia's policy on copyrights}}
{{Redirect|WP:C||Wikipedia:Consensus|and|Wikipedia:Civility|and|Wikipedia:Categorization|and|Wikipedia:Canvassing|and|Wikipedia:WikiProject Countries|and|Wikipedia:WikiProject Council|and|Wikipedia:C-class}}
{{Redirect|WP:COPY||Wikipedia:Copyright problems|and|Wikipedia:Basic copyediting|and|Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia}}
{{pp-protected|small=yes}}
{{legal policy|WP:C|WP:COPY|WP:COPYRIGHT}}
{{Wikipedia copyright}}
{{Legal policy list}}

<div style="background-color: #fff0f0; border: 1px solid black; padding: 1ex; margin: 1ex; margin-right: 20em; min-width: 20em;">
'''Important note:''' The Wikimedia Foundation does not own copyright on Wikipedia article texts or illustrations. '''It is therefore pointless to email our contact addresses asking for permission to reproduce articles or images''', even if rules at your company, school, or organization mandate that you ask web site operators before copying their content.

The only Wikipedia content you should contact the Wikimedia Foundation about are the trademarked Wikipedia/Wikimedia logos, which are not freely usable without permission.

Permission to reproduce and modify text on Wikipedia has already been granted to anyone anywhere by the authors of individual articles as long as such reproduction and modification complies with licensing terms (see below and [[Wikipedia:Mirrors and forks]] for specific terms). Images may or may not permit reuse and modification; the conditions for reproduction of each image should be individually checked. The only exceptions are those cases in which editors have violated Wikipedia policy by uploading copyrighted material without authorization, or with copyright licensing terms which are incompatible with those Wikipedia authors have applied to the rest of Wikipedia content. While such material is present on Wikipedia (before it is detected and removed), it will be a copyright violation to copy it. For permission to use it, one must contact the owner of the copyright of the text or illustration in question; often, but not always, this will be the original author.

If you wish to reuse content from Wikipedia, first read the [[#Reusers' rights and obligations|Reusers' rights and obligations]] section.  You should then read the [[Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License|Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License]] and the [[Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License|GNU Free Documentation License]].
</div>

The text of Wikipedia is copyrighted (automatically, under the [[Berne Convention]]) by Wikipedia editors and contributors and is formally licensed to the public under one or several liberal licenses. Most of Wikipedia's text and many of its images are co-licensed under the [[Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License|Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License]] (CC BY-SA) and the [[Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License|GNU Free Documentation License]] (GFDL) (unversioned, with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts). Some text has been imported only under CC BY-SA and CC BY-SA-compatible license and cannot be reused under GFDL; such text will be identified on the page footer, in the page history, or on the discussion page of the article that utilizes the text. Every image has a description page that indicates the license under which it is released or, if it is non-free, the rationale under which it is used.

The licenses [[Wikipedia]] uses grant free access to our content in the same sense that [[free software]] is licensed freely. Wikipedia content can be copied, modified, and redistributed ''if and only if'' the copied version is made available on the same terms to others and acknowledgment of the authors of the Wikipedia article used is included (a link back to the article is generally thought to satisfy the attribution requirement; see below for more details). Copied Wikipedia content will therefore remain ''free'' under an appropriate license and can continue to be used by anyone subject to certain restrictions, most of which aim to ensure that freedom. This principle is known as '''[[copyleft]]''' in contrast to typical copyright licenses. 

To this end,
*'''Permission is granted''' to copy, distribute and/or modify Wikipedia's text under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License and, ''unless otherwise noted'', the GNU Free Documentation License, unversioned, with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts.
*A copy of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License is included in the section entitled "[[Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License]]"
*A copy of the GNU Free Documentation License is included in the section entitled "[[Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License|GNU Free Documentation License]]".<!--- see Text of the GFDL, "How to use this license" for why we use this specific form of words (+discussion in Talk) --->
*Content on Wikipedia is covered by [[Wikipedia:General disclaimer|disclaimers]].

The English text of the CC BY-SA and GFDL licenses is the only legally binding restriction between authors and users of Wikipedia content. What follows is our interpretation of CC BY-SA and GFDL, as it pertains to the rights and obligations of users and contributors.

== Contributors' rights and obligations ==
{{shortcuts|WP:CRANDO}}
If you contribute text directly to Wikipedia, you thereby license it to the public for reuse under CC BY-SA and GFDL (unversioned, with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts). Non-text media may be contributed under a variety of different licenses that support the general goal of allowing unrestricted re-use and re-distribution. See [[#Guidelines for images and other media files|Guidelines for images and other media files]], below.

If you want to import text that you have found elsewhere or that you have co-authored with others, you can only do so if it is available under terms that are compatible with the CC BY-SA license. You do not need to ensure or guarantee that the imported text is available under the GNU Free Documentation License, unless you are its sole author. Furthermore, please note that you cannot import information which is available only under the GFDL. In other words, you may only import text that is (a) single-licensed under terms compatible with the CC BY-SA license or (b) dual-licensed with the GFDL and another license with terms compatible with the CC BY-SA license. If you are the sole author of the material, you must license it under both CC BY-SA and GFDL.

If the material, text or media, has been previously published and you wish to donate it to Wikipedia under appropriate license, you will need to verify copyright permission through one of our established procedures. See [[Wikipedia:Donating copyrighted materials]] for details. If you are not a copyright holder, you will still need to verify copyright permission; see the [[#Using copyrighted work from others|Using copyrighted work from others]] section below.

You retain copyright to materials you contribute to Wikipedia, text and media. Copyright is ''never'' transferred to Wikipedia. You can later republish and relicense them in any way you like. However, you can never retract or alter the license for copies of materials that you place here; these copies will remain so licensed until they enter the [[public domain]] when your copyright expires (currently some decades after an author's death). 

=== Using copyrighted work from others ===
{{shortcuts|WP:COPYOTHERS}}
All creative works are copyrighted, by international agreement, unless either they fall into the [[Wikipedia:Public domain|public domain]] or their copyright is explicitly disclaimed. Generally, Wikipedia must have permission to use copyrighted works. There are some circumstances under which copyrighted works may be legally utilized without permission; see [[Wikipedia:Non-free content]] for specific details on when and how to utilize such material. However, it is our goal to be able to freely redistribute as much of Wikipedia's material as possible, so original images and sound files licensed under CC BY-SA and GFDL (unversioned, with no invariant sections, front-cover texts, or back-cover texts) or in the [[public domain]] are greatly preferred to copyrighted media files used under [[fair use]] or otherwise. 

If you want to import media (including text) that you have found elsewhere, and it does not meet the [[Wikipedia:Non-free content|non-free content policy and guideline]], you can only do so if it is public domain or available under terms that are compatible with the CC BY-SA license. If you import media under a compatible license which requires attribution, you must, in a reasonable fashion, credit the author(s). You must also in most cases ''verify'' that the material is compatibly licensed or public domain. If the original source of publication contains a copyright disclaimer or other indication that the material is free for use, a link to it on the media description page or the article's talk page may satisfy this requirement. If you obtain special permission to use a copyrighted work from the copyright holder under compatible terms, you must make a note of that fact (along with the relevant names and dates) and verify this through one of several processes. See [[Wikipedia:Requesting copyright permission]] for the procedure for asking a copyright holder to grant a usable license for their work and for the processes for verifying that license has been granted. 

'''Never''' use materials that infringe the copyrights of others. This could create legal liabilities and seriously hurt Wikipedia. If in doubt, write the content yourself, thereby creating a new copyrighted work which can be included in Wikipedia without trouble.

Note that copyright law governs the creative expression of ideas, ''not'' the ideas or information themselves. Therefore, it is legal to read an encyclopedia article or other work, reformulate the concepts in your own words, and submit it to Wikipedia, so long as you do not follow the source too closely. (See our Copyright FAQ for more on [[Wikipedia:FAQ/Copyright#Can I add something to Wikipedia that I got from somewhere else?|how much reformulation may be necessary]] as well as [[Wikipedia:FAQ/Copyright#Derivative works|the distinction between summary and abridgment]].) However, it would still be unethical (but not illegal) to do so without citing the original as a reference (see the [[wikipedia:plagiarism|plagiarism guideline]]).
{{anchor|LINKING}}

=== Linking to copyrighted works ===
{{shortcuts|WP:COPYLINK|WP:COPYLINKS|WP:LINKVIO}}
Since most recently-created works are copyrighted, almost any Wikipedia article which [[Wikipedia:Cite sources|cites its sources]] will link to copyrighted material. It is not necessary to obtain the permission of a copyright holder before linking to copyrighted material, just as an author of a book does not need permission to cite someone else's work in their [[bibliography]]. Likewise, Wikipedia is not restricted to linking only to CC BY-SA or open-source content.

However, if you know or reasonably suspect that an external Web site is carrying a work in violation of copyright, do not link to that copy of the work without the permission of the copyright holder. An example would be linking to a site hosting the lyrics of many popular songs without permission from their copyright holders. Knowingly and intentionally directing others to a site that violates copyright has been considered a form of [[Contributory copyright infringement|contributory infringement]] in the United States (''[[Intellectual Reserve v. Utah Lighthouse Ministry]]'' [http://www.law.uh.edu/faculty/cjoyce/copyright/release10/IntRes.html]); cf. ''[[GS Media v Sanoma]]'' for a landmark case in the European Union. Linking to a page that illegally distributes someone else's work sheds a bad light on Wikipedia and its editors.

The copyright status of [[web archiving|web archives]] in the United States is unclear. On Wikipedia it is currently acceptable to link to archives such as [[Wikipedia:Using the Wayback Machine|the Wayback Machine]], which host unmodified archived copies of webpages taken at various points in time.

In articles about a website, it is acceptable to include a link to that website even if there are possible copyright violations somewhere on the site.

Context is also important; it may be acceptable to link to a reputable website's review of a particular film, even if it presents a still from the film (such uses are generally either explicitly permitted by distributors or allowed under fair use). However, linking directly to the still of the film removes the context and the site's justification for permitted use or fair use.

=== Copyright violations ===
{{see also|Wikipedia:Copyright violations}}
Contributors who repeatedly post copyrighted material despite appropriate warnings may be [[Wikipedia:Blocking policy|blocked]] from editing by any [[Wikipedia:Administrators|administrator]] to prevent further problems.

If you suspect a copyright violation, you should at least bring up the issue on that page's [[Wikipedia:Talk page|discussion page]]. Others can then examine the situation and take action if needed. Some cases will be false alarms. For example, text that can be found elsewhere on the Web that was in fact copied from Wikipedia in the first place is not a copyright violation on Wikipedia's part.

If a page contains material which infringes copyright, that material–and the whole page, if there is no other material present–should be removed. See [[Wikipedia:Copyright violations]] for more information, and [[Wikipedia:Copyright problems#Instructions|Wikipedia:Copyright problems]] for detailed instructions.

=== Guidelines for images and other media files {{Anchors|Images|Videos|Audio|Image guidelines}}===
Images, photographs, video and sound files, like written works, are subject to [[copyright]]. Someone holds the copyright unless the work has explicitly been placed in the [[Wikipedia:Public domain|public domain]]. Images, video and sound files on the internet need to be licensed directly from the copyright holder or someone able to license on their behalf. In some cases, [[fair use]] guidelines may allow them to be used irrespective of any copyright claims.

On Wikipedia, the use of media files is subject to the [[Wikipedia:Image use policy|image use policy]], and additionally the use of non-free content is governed by [[Wikipedia:Non-free content]]. Image description pages must be tagged with a special tag to indicate the legal status of the images, as described at [[Wikipedia:Image copyright tags]]. Untagged or incorrectly-tagged images may be deleted.

Questions about media copyright may be directed to [[WP:MCQ|Wikipedia:Media copyright questions]], which is generally staffed by volunteers familiar with Wikipedia's media copyright guidelines and policies.

== Governing copyright law ==
{{More|Wikipedia:Non-U.S. copyrights}}
The Wikimedia Foundation is based in the United States and accordingly governed by United States copyright law. Regardless, according to [[Jimbo Wales]], the co-founder of Wikipedia, Wikipedia contributors should respect the copyright law of other nations, even if these do not have official copyright relations with the United States.[http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikien-l/2005-August/027373.html] 

A brief summary of non-U.S. copyright laws, including guidelines on determining copyright status of the material in the United States, is available at [[Wikipedia:Non-U.S. copyrights]].

===Works by the United States Federal Government===
{{further|Wikipedia:Public domain#U.S. government works|selfref=yes}}

Works produced by civilian and military employees of the [[United States]] federal government in the scope of their employment are public domain by statute in the United States (though they may be protected by copyright outside the U.S.). It is not enough that the employee was working at the time; he/she must have made the work as part of his/her duties (e.g. a soldier who takes a photograph with his/her personal camera while on patrol in Iraq owns the copyright to the photo, but it may find its way onto a unit webpage or otherwise be licensed to the government).  

However, not every work republished by the U.S. government falls into this category. The U.S. government can own copyrights that are assigned to it by others–for example, works created by contractors.
{{quotation|'''United States Code; ''Title 17; Chapter 1; § 105''''' Subject matter of copyright; United States Government works.
 
Copyright protection under this title is not available for any work of the United States Government, but the United States Government is not precluded from receiving and holding copyrights transferred to it by assignment, bequest, or otherwise.[https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/105 US Code]}}

Moreover, images and other media found on .mil and .gov websites may be using commercial [[stock photography]] owned by others. It may be useful to check the privacy and security notice of the website, but only with an email to the webmaster can you be confident that an image is in the public domain.

Note that while the United States government does not claim copyright protection on its own works, governments outside the U.S. often do claim copyright over works produced by their employees. (For example, several Commonwealth realms utilize [[Crown copyright]].)

===Works by state governments of the United States===
In contrast to the federal government, most state and local governments in the United States retain copyright to their employees' work. Such work is not in the public domain, so please make sure to [[Copyright status of works by subnational governments of the United States|check copyright information]] before using it.

== Reusers' rights and obligations ==
{{main|Wikipedia:Reusing Wikipedia content}}
The only Wikipedia content you should contact the Wikimedia Foundation about is the trademarked Wikipedia/Wikimedia logos, which are not freely usable without permission (members of the media, see [[Foundation:Press room]], others see [[Wikipedia:Contact us]]). If you want to use other Wikipedia materials in your own books/articles/websites or other publications, you can do so, unless it is used under the [[WP:NFC|non-free content provisions]]—but only in compliance with the licensing terms. Please follow the guidelines below:

===Re-use of text===
; Attribution
: To re-distribute text on Wikipedia in any form, provide credit to the authors either by including a) a [[hyperlink]] (where possible) or [[URL]] to the page or pages you are re-using, b) a hyperlink (where possible) or URL to an alternative, stable online copy which is freely accessible, which conforms with the license, and which provides credit to the authors in a manner equivalent to the credit given on this website, or c) a list of all authors. (Any list of authors may be filtered to exclude very small or irrelevant contributions.) This applies to text developed by the Wikipedia community. Text from external sources may attach additional attribution requirements to the work, which should be indicated on an article's face or on its talk page. For example, a page may have a banner or other notation indicating that some or all of its content was originally published somewhere else. Where such notations are visible in the page itself, they should generally be preserved by re-users.
; Copyleft/Share Alike
: If you make modifications or additions to the page you re-use, you must license them under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License or later.
; Indicate changes
: If you make modifications or additions, you must indicate in a reasonable fashion that the original work has been modified. If you are re-using the page in a wiki, for example, indicating this in the page history is sufficient.
; Licensing notice
: Each copy or modified version that you distribute must include a licensing notice stating that the work is released under CC BY-SA and either a) a hyperlink or URL to the text of the license or b) a copy of the license. For this purpose, a suitable URL is: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

'''For further information''', please refer to the [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode.en legal code of the CC BY-SA License].

====Additional availability of text under the GNU Free Documentation License====

For compatibility reasons, any page which does not incorporate text that is exclusively available under CC BY-SA or a CC BY-SA-compatible license is also available under the terms of the [http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html GNU Free Documentation License]. In order to determine whether a page is available under the GFDL, review the page footer, page history, and discussion page for attribution of single-licensed content that is not GFDL-compatible. Since all text published before June 15th, 2009 on Wikipedia was released under the GFDL, you can ensure GFDL compatibility by using the page history to retrieve content published before that date.

===Re-use of non-text media===

Where not otherwise noted, non-text media files are available under various free culture licenses, consistent with the [[wmf:Resolution:Licensing_policy|Wikimedia Foundation Licensing Policy]]. Please view the media description page for details about the license of any specific media file.

=== Non-free materials and special requirements ===

Wikipedia articles may also include quotations, images, or other media under the U.S. Copyright law "fair use" doctrine in accordance with our [[Wikipedia:Non-free content|guidelines for non-free content]]. ''In Wikipedia'', such "fair use" material should be identified as from an external source by an appropriate method (on the image description page, or history page, as appropriate; quotations should be denoted with quotation marks or block quotation in accordance with [[Wikipedia:MOSQUOTE#Quotations|Wikipedia's manual of style]]). This leads to possible restrictions on the use, outside of Wikipedia, of such "fair use" content retrieved from Wikipedia: this "fair use" content does not fall under the CC BY-SA or GFDL license as such, but under the "fair use" (or similar/different) regulations in the country where the media are retrieved.

Prior to June 15, 2009, Wikipedia did permit some text under licenses that were compatible with the GFDL but might require additional terms that were not required for original Wikipedia text (such as including Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts, or Back-Cover Texts). However, these materials could only be placed if the original copyright holders did not require that they be carried forward; for that reason, they impose no special burden for reuse.

== Reusing text within Wikipedia ==
{{Main|Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia}}

When you [[Wikipedia:Merging|merge]] or [[Wikipedia:Splitting|split]] an article, or otherwise move text from one page to another within Wikipedia, the [[Help:Page history|page history functionality]] cannot by itself determine where the content originally came from. This may violate the attribution clause of the project's licenses. If you are copying text within Wikipedia, you must at least put a link to the source page in an [[Help:Edit summary|edit summary]] at the destination page. It is encouraged to do the same thing at the source page, and to add notices at the talk pages of both.

If you reuse text which you created '''yourself''', the above may still be a good idea to avoid confusion, but it isn't mandatory. 

==If you are the owner of Wikipedia-hosted content being used without your permission==
{{anchor|owner}}
'''If you are the owner of content that is being used on Wikipedia without your permission''', then you may request the page be immediately removed from Wikipedia; see [[Wikipedia:Request for immediate removal of copyright violation|Request for immediate removal of copyright violation]]. You can also contact our [[wikimedia:designated agent|designated agent]] to have it permanently removed (but it may take up to a week for the page to be deleted that way). You may also blank the page and replace it with the words {{tlx|copyvio|''URL or place you published the text''}} but the text will still be in the page history. Either way, we will, of course, need some evidence to support your claim of ownership. 

Inversely, if you are the editor of a Wikipedia article and have found a copy hosted without following the licensing requirements for attribution, please see [[Wikipedia:Standard license violation letter]].

== See also ==
* [[Wikipedia:Copyright problems]]
* [[Wikipedia:Designated agent]]
* [[Wikipedia:Example requests for permission]]
* [[Wikipedia:FAQ/Contributing#Copyrights]]
* [[Wikipedia:FAQ/Copyright]]
* [[Wikipedia:File copyright tags]]
* [[Wikipedia:Freedom of panorama]]
* [[Wikipedia:Mirrors and forks]]
* [[Wikipedia:Non-free content]]
* [[Wikipedia:Non-U.S. copyrights]]
* [[Wikipedia:Plagiarism]]
* [[Wikipedia:Scanning an image does not make it your "own work"]]
* [[Wikipedia:Spotting possible copyright violations]]
* [[Wikipedia:Standard license violation letter]]
* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Copyright Cleanup]]

== External links ==
* [[:commons:Commons:Copyright_rules|Commons:Copyright rules]]
* [[m:Avoid Copyright Paranoia]]

[[Category:Wikipedia copyright]]
[[Category:Wikipedia policies]]
[[Category:Wikipedia legal policies]]
[[Category:Wikipedia content policies]]

2003 LN6 23:51, 30 March 2024 (UTC)[reply]

 Done. For future reference don't copy-paste the entire page - say exactly what you want changed and nothing extra. * Pppery * it has begun... 00:45, 31 March 2024 (UTC)[reply]

"The U.S. government can own copyrights"[edit]

However, not every work republished by the U.S. government falls into this category. The U.S. government can own copyrights that are assigned to it by others–for example, works created by contractors.

Wording unclear. If the government own the copyright, does that set the copyright free (PD)? Can we use it? Schierbecker (talk) 18:41, 6 May 2024 (UTC)[reply]