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The Thangmi (in Nepali थामी) are an indigenous tribe of the hills east of the Nepalese capital Kathmandu. They mainly live in Suspa, Kshamawati, Khopachagu, Alampu, Bigu, Kalinchok, Lapilang and Lakuri Danda villages of Dolakha district in East-Central Nepal. They are locally known as Thangmi.^[1]

The social structure of the Thami comprise a bilineal clan system. Apart from the male clans, there are distinct female lineages that are passed down from mother to daughter.^[2]

They speak the Thami language, which is related to Nepal Bhasha.^[3] They do not have a written script; however, inscriptions on monuments built over graves lay claim to one.^[2]

According to the 2011 Nepal Census, there are a total of 29,000 Thami of which some belong to the Kirant religion and some belong to Buddhism.^[4]^[5] Legend says that the first Thami couple had seven sons and seven daughters. When the parents could not find suitable marriage partners for their children, they allowed them to intermarry. The Thami people are their descendants.

The Thami men originally engaged in shifting agriculture besides hunting and foraging.^[2] They now earn a meagre living through the stone quarrying business and by joining the military forces. To escape this extreme hardship, many have fled to India to find better jobs. Many upper class members of Thami clan are living in Bhutan. They go to Nepal in search of employment, and to do business.

The Thami are shamanists, though they have come under strong Buddhist influence from the Tamang. Hindu influence can be also seen in their marriage rituals, which is a festival to them. Although they are poor they must make a chautara in the name of their deceased relatives. Recently many people of the Thami clan are joining Christianity.

References

^ Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. "Nationalities of Nepal". Nepal Democracy, Gateway to Nepali Politics and Civil Society. Retrieved 2014-06-09.
^ ^a ^b ^c The Splendour of Sikkim- Cultures and Traditions of the Ethnic Communities of Sikkim. Cultural Affairs and Heritage Department, Government of Sikkim. 2017. p. 232.
^ Thami at Ethnologue (17th ed., 2013)
^ Dahal, Dilli Ram. "Chapter 3. Social composition of the population: caste/ethnicity and religion in Nepal" (PDF). http://www.cbs.gov.np/Population/Monograph/Chapter%2003%20%20Social%20Composition%20of%20the%20Population.pdf (PDF). Retrieved 2014-06-09. {{cite book}}: Check |archive-url= value (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
^ 2011 Nepal Census, Social Characteristics Tables

[1] Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. "Nationalities of Nepal". Nepal Democracy, Gateway to Nepali Politics and Civil Society. Retrieved 2014-06-09.

[:0-2] The Splendour of Sikkim- Cultures and Traditions of the Ethnic Communities of Sikkim. Cultural Affairs and Heritage Department, Government of Sikkim. 2017. p. 232.

[ethnologue-3] Thami at Ethnologue (17th ed., 2013)

[4] Dahal, Dilli Ram. "Chapter 3. Social composition of the population: caste/ethnicity and religion in Nepal" (PDF). http://www.cbs.gov.np/Population/Monograph/Chapter%2003%20%20Social%20Composition%20of%20the%20Population.pdf (PDF). Retrieved 2014-06-09. {{cite book}}: Check |archive-url= value (help); Missing or empty |title= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)

[5] 2011 Nepal Census, Social Characteristics Tables

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[2]

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[5]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 [[File:Jhamke Bulaki.JPG|thumb|right|A Thami woman in [[Ilam District]] wearing Jhamke Bulaki, a typical Nepali ornament on her nose.]]
-The Thangmi '''Thami'''  (in Nepali [[:ne:थामी|थामी]]) are an indigenous [[Kirati]] tribe of hills  east of [[Kathmandu]], [[Nepal]]'s capital.  They mainly live "in Suspa, Kshamawati, Khopachagu, Alampu, Bigu, Kalinchok, Lapilang and Lakuri Danda villages of [[Dolkha District]]"<ref>{{Cite web
+The '''Thangmi''' (in Nepali [[:ne:थामी|थामी]]) are an indigenous tribe of the hills east of the Nepalese capital [[Kathmandu]]. They mainly live in Suspa, Kshamawati, Khopachagu, Alampu, Bigu, Kalinchok, Lapilang and Lakuri Danda villages of [[Dolakha District|Dolakha district]] in East-Central [[Nepal]]. They are locally known as Thangmi.<ref>{{Cite web
 | last = Friedrich Ebert Stiftung
 | author-link = Friedrich Ebert Stiftung
@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 | access-date = 2014-06-09
 | url = http://www.nepaldemocracy.org/ethnicity/nationalities_of_nepal.htm
+}}</ref>
-}}</ref> in East-Central [[Nepal]]. They are locally known as Thangmi.
 The social structure of the Thami comprise a bilineal clan system. Apart from the male clans, there are distinct female lineages that are passed down from mother to daughter.<ref name=":0" />
-They speak the [[Thami language]], also called, Thangmi Kham, Thangmi Wakhe, and Thani.<ref name = "ethnologue">{{e17|thf}}</ref> They do not have a written script; however, inscriptions on monuments built over graves lay claim to one.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The Splendour of Sikkim- Cultures and Traditions of the Ethnic Communities of Sikkim|publisher=Cultural Affairs and Heritage Department, Government of Sikkim|year=2017|pages=232|language=English}}</ref>
+They speak the [[Thangmi language|Thami language]], which is related to [[Newar language|Nepal Bhasha]].<ref name = "ethnologue">{{e17|thf}}</ref> They do not have a written script; however, inscriptions on monuments built over graves lay claim to one.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=The Splendour of Sikkim- Cultures and Traditions of the Ethnic Communities of Sikkim|publisher=Cultural Affairs and Heritage Department, Government of Sikkim|year=2017|pages=232|language=English}}</ref>
-According to the 2011 Nepal Census, there are a total of 30,000 Thami of which some belong to the Kirant religion and some belong to Buddhism.<ref>{{Cite book
+According to the 2011 Nepal Census, there are a total of 29,000 Thami of which some belong to the Kirant religion and some belong to Buddhism.<ref>{{Cite book
  |last        = Dahal
  |first       = Dilli Ram
@@ Line 24: / Line 24: @@
  |archive-date = 2011-11-21
  |url         = http://www.cbs.gov.np/Population/Monograph/Chapter%2003%20%20Social%20Composition%20of%20the%20Population.pdf
+}}</ref><ref>[https://cbs.gov.np/wp-content/upLoads/2018/12/Volume05Part02.pdf 2011 Nepal Census, Social Characteristics Tables]</ref> Legend says that the first Thami couple had seven sons and seven daughters. When the parents could not find suitable marriage partners for their children, they allowed them to intermarry. The Thami people are their descendants.
-}}</ref>
-Legend says that the first Thami couple had seven sons and seven daughters. When the parents could not find suitable marriage partners for their children, they allowed them to intermarry. The Thami people are their descendants.
 The Thami men originally engaged in shifting agriculture besides hunting and foraging.<ref name=":0" /> They now earn a meagre living through the stone quarrying business and by joining the military forces. To escape this extreme hardship, many have fled to [[India]] to find better jobs. Many upper class members of Thami clan are living in Bhutan. They go to Nepal in search of employment, and to do business.
-The Thami are shamanists, though they have come under strong [[Buddhist]] influence from the [[Tamang]]. [[Hindu]] influence can be also seen in their marriage rituals, which is a  festival to them. Although they are poor they must make a chautara in the name of their deceased relatives. Recently many people of  the Thami clan are joining Christianity.
+The Thami are shamanists, though they have come under strong [[Buddhist]] influence from the [[Tamang]]. [[Hindu]] influence can be also seen in their marriage rituals, which is a festival to them. Although they are poor they must make a chautara in the name of their deceased relatives. Recently many people of the Thami clan are joining Christianity.
 ==References==