Civilian War Memorial

Civilian War Memorial, Singapore

The Memorial to the Civilian Victims of the Japanese Occupation, usually called the Civilian War Memorial (Chinese: 日本占领时期死难人民纪念碑; Malay: Tugu Peringatan Bagi Mangsa Awam Pemerintahan Jepun) is a memorial located within the War Memorial Park at Beach Road within the Central Area, Singapore's central business district.

Built in memory of the civilians killed in massacred during the Japanese occupation of Singapore during World War II, the Civilian War Memorial sits on serene parkland in the midst of busy city traffic near Singapore's Padang and City Hall. The memorial is affectionately described as resembling four giant chopsticks, each 70 m high. The four elements are joined at the base, representing unity amongst the four major ethnic groups in Singapore: Chinese, Indians, Malays and other groups.

History

During the Japanese Empire's occupation of Singapore during the Pacific War (1942-1945), thousands of ethnic Chinese were killed in the Sook Ching massacre. In an effort to remove anti-Japanese elements in Singapore, Chinese men between the ages of 18 and 50 were to report to the Kempeitai, the Imperial Japanese Army military police. The death toll was reported to be 6,000 by the Japanese, but official estimates range between 25,000 and 50,000.

In February 1962, remains belonging to civilian victims of the Japanese occupation were unearthed in areas like Siglap, Changi and Bukit Timah. The Singapore Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry (SCCC) undertook the responsibility of gathering the remains and creating a memorial.

On March 13, 1963, Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew set aside a plot of land at Beach Road for the building of a memorial dedicated to the civilians killed in World War II. The SCCC set up a fund committee that was later enlarged to include all ethnic groups due to good response from the community. With the support of the government and contributions from the public, construction of the memorial was able to start.

The architectural firm for the Civilian War Memorial was Swan and Maclaren which won the open design competition. Based on the design, the recovered remains were buried by the side of the memorial.

On April 23, 1966, construction of the memorial began. The memorial was completed in January 1967, at a total construction cost of about S$500,000.

On February 15, 1967, the Civilian War Memorial was officially unveiled by then Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew, who laid a wreath at the memorial. Every year on February 15 (Total Defence Day in Singapore, representing the 1942 surrender of Singapore to the Japanese), a memorial service is held at the Civilian War Memorial to remember the victims of the war.

See also

• History of Singapore
• Battle of Singapore
• The Cenotaph, Singapore
• Kranji War Memorial
• Monument to the People's Heroes, a monument in Shanghai, China, with architectural similarities

References

• National Heritage Board (2002), Singapore's 100 Historic Places, Archipelago Press, ISBN 981-4068-23-3
• "The Civilian War Memorial". Ministry of Defence (Singapore). Retrieved 2007-08-17.

External links

• Uniquely Singapore website