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{{This|the biblical king|David (disambiguation)}}
[[Image:David and Goliath by Caravaggio.jpg|thumb|''[[David and Goliath (Caravaggio)|David and Goliath]]'', by [[Caravaggio]], c. 1599. [[Prado]], [[Madrid]]]]
'''David''' {{Hebrew Name|דָּוִד|Dawid|dɔwið}}, [[Arabic language|Arabic]]: داوود or داود, ''{{unicode|dawud}}'', "beloved"), was the second king of the united [[United Monarchy|Kingdom of Israel]] according to the [[Hebrew Bible]]/[[Old Testament]]. He is depicted as a righteous king — although not without fault — as well as an acclaimed warrior, musician and poet (he is traditionally credited with the authorship of many of the [[Psalms]]). The biblical chronology places his life c.1037 - 967 BC, his reign over [[Judah]] c.1007 - 1000 BC, and over Judah and Israel c.1000 - 967 BC.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.helium.com/items/816706-accomplishments-davidking-david-important|title=The accomplishments of King David|publisher=Helium inc.|author=S. L. Anderson|date=2002-2008|accessdate=2006-03-24}}</ref>

There is little in the archaeological evidence to support the picture of David from the Bible, although there is reasonable evidence (the [[Tel Dan stele]]) that a king named David was regarded as the founder of the Judean royal dynasty by the 9th century BC. Nevertheless, his story has been of immense importance to later Jewish and Christian culture, and the Biblical history remains a compelling literary monument.

{{TOClimit|limit=2}}

==The biblical account of David==
[[Image:Gentile da Fabriano 026.jpg|left|280px|thumb|''Prophet David Mayes'', by [[Gentile da Fabriano]].]]
:''This section summarizes only a few major episodes from David's life, chosen on the basis of their fame and/or importance in later [[Christianity|Christian]] and Jewish culture.''<ref>For a more complete summary of all the episodes in the Saul/David story in Samuel (but excluding Chronicles), see [http://people.brandeis.edu/~buchsbau/MSGPAPERS/sumsam.pdf synopsis]</ref>

=== David is chosen ===
God withdraws his favor from King [[Saul]] and sends the prophet [[Samuel]] to [[Jesse]], "for I have provided for myself a king among his sons." The choice falls upon David, the youngest son, who is guarding his father's sheep: "He was ruddy, and fine in appearance with handsome features. And the [[The LORD|LORD]] said [to Samuel], '[[anointing|Anoint]] him; for this is he.'"

=== David plays the lyre before Saul ===
Saul is tormented by an evil spirit. His servants suggest he send for David, "skillful in playing [the [[harp]]], a man of valor, a man of war, prudent in speech, and a man of good presence; and the LORD is with him." So David enters Saul's service, and finds favour in his sight, "and whenever the evil spirit was upon Saul, David took the harp and played it with his hand; so Saul was refreshed, and was well, and the evil spirit departed from him." ({{bibleverse|1|Samuel|16:14-23|HE}})

=== David and Goliath ===

The [[Israelite]]s are facing the army of the [[Philistines]]. David, the youngest of the sons of Jesse, brings food to his brothers who are with Saul. He hears the Philistine champion, the giant [[Goliath]], challenge the Israelites to send their own champion to decide the outcome in single combat. David takes the challenge as an insult to the God of Israel and insists that he can defeat Goliath. Saul sends for him, and reluctantly allows him to make the attempt. David is indeed victorious, felling Goliath with a stone from his [[Sling (weapon)|sling]], at which the Philistines flee in terror and the Israelites win a great victory. David beheads Goliath with his own sword and brings it to Saul, who asks him whose son he is, and David replies, "I am the son of your servant Jesse the Bethlehemite". <ref>[http://etext.virginia.edu/etcbin/toccer-new2?id=Rsv1Sam.sgm&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&tag=public&part=17&division=div1 1 Samuel 17]</ref>

=== The enmity of Saul ===

Saul makes David a commander over his armies and gives him his daughter [[Michal]] in marriage. David is successful in many battles, and the women say, "Saul has slain his thousands, and David his tens of thousands." David's popularity awakens Saul's fears - "What more can he have but the kingdom?" - and by various stratagems the king seeks David's death. But the plots of the jealous king all proved futile, and only endear the young hero the more to the people, and especially to Saul's son [[David and Jonathan|Jonathan]], one of those who love David. Warned by Jonathan of Saul's intention to kill him, David flees into the wilderness.<ref>[http://etext.virginia.edu/etcbin/toccer-new2?id=Rsv1Sam.sgm&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&tag=public&part=18&division=div1 1 Samuel 18] and subsequent chapters of 1 Samuel.</ref>

=== David in the wilderness ===

In the wilderness David gathers a band of followers and becomes the champion of the oppressed while evading the pursuit of Saul. He accepts [[Ziklag]] as a fief from the Philistine king [[Achish]] of [[Gath (city)|Gath]], but continues to secretly champion the Israelites. Achish marches against Saul, but David is excused from the war on the accusation of the Philistine nobles that his loyalty to their cause cannot be trusted.

=== David is made king ===
Saul and Jonathan are killed in a battle with the Philistines and David mourns their death.<ref>[http://etext.virginia.edu/etcbin/toccer-new2?id=Rsv2Sam.sgm&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&tag=public&part=1&division=div1 2 Samuel 1]; the death of Saul and Jonathan is described in the closing chapter of 1 Samuel.</ref> Then David goes up to [[Hebron]], where he is anointed ([[messiah]]) king over [[Judah]]; in the north, Saul's son [[Ish-Bosheth]] is king over the tribes of [[Kingdom of Israel|Israel]].<ref>[http://etext.virginia.edu/etcbin/toccer-new2?id=Rsv2Sam.sgm&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&tag=public&part=2&division=div1 2 Samuel 2:1-10]</ref> War ensues between Ish-Bosheth and David, and Ish-Bosheth is assassinated. The assassins bring forward the head of Ish-Bosheth to David hoping for reward, but David executes them for their crime against their king.<ref>[http://etext.virginia.edu/etcbin/toccer-new2?id=Rsv2Sam.sgm&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&tag=public&part=4&division=div1 2 Samuel 4]</ref> Yet with the death of the son of Saul, the elders of Israel come to Hebron, and David is anointed King of Israel and Judah. Upon these events he is 30 years old.<ref name="autogenerated1">[http://etext.virginia.edu/etcbin/toccer-new2?id=Rsv2Sam.sgm&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&tag=public&part=5&division=div1 2 Samuel 5]</ref>

=== King David ===
David conquers the [[Jebusite]] fortress of [[Jerusalem]] and makes it his capital, "and Hiram king of Tyre sent messengers to David, and cedar trees, also carpenters and masons who built David a house." <ref name="autogenerated1" /> David brings the [[Ark of the Covenant]] to Jerusalem, intending to build a temple.<ref>[http://etext.virginia.edu/etcbin/toccer-new2?id=Rsv2Sam.sgm&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&tag=public&part=6&division=div1 2 Samuel 6]</ref> God, speaking to the prophet [[Nathan (Prophet)|Nathan]], forbids it, saying the temple must wait for a future generation. But God makes a covenant with David, promising that he will establish the house of David eternally: "Your throne shall be established forever."<ref>[http://etext.virginia.edu/etcbin/toccer-new2?id=Rsv2Sam.sgm&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&tag=public&part=7&division=div1 2 Samuel 7]</ref> Then David establishes a mighty empire, conquering [[Zobah]] and [[Aram]] (modern [[Syria]]), [[Edom]] and [[Moab]] (roughly modern [[Jordan]]), the lands of the Philistines, and much more.<ref>[http://etext.virginia.edu/etcbin/toccer-new2?id=Rsv2Sam.sgm&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&tag=public&part=8&division=div1 2 Samuel 8] and subsequent chapters.</ref>

=== Bathsheba and Uriah the Hittite ===
[[Image:Lucas Cranach d. Ä. 005.jpg|250px|thumb|''David and Bathsheba'', by [[Lucas Cranach]], 1526.]]

David lies with [[Bathsheba]], the wife of [[Uriah the Hittite]]. Bathsheba becomes pregnant and David sends for Uriah, who is with the Israelite army at the siege of [[Rabbah]], that he might lie with her and so conceal the identity of the child's father. Uriah refuses to do so while his companions are in the field of battle and David sends Uriah back to [[Joab]], the commander, with a message instructing him to abandon Uriah on the battlefield, "that he may be struck down, and die." And so David marries Bathsheba and she bears his child, "but the thing that David had done displeased the LORD."<ref>{{kjv|2sam|11|2 Samuel 11}}</ref>

=== God's judgment on David ===

The prophet Nathan speaks out against David's sin, saying: "Why have you despised the word of God, to do what is evil in his sight? You have smitten Uriah the Hittite with the sword, and have taken his wife to be your wife." And although David repents, God "struck the child ... and it became sick ... [And] on the seventh day the child died." David then leaves his lamentations, dresses himself, and eats. His servants ask why he lamented when the baby was alive, but leaves off when it is dead, and David replies: "While the child was still alive, I fasted and wept; for I said, who knows whether YHWH will be gracious to me, that the child may live? But now he is dead, why should I fast? Can I bring him back again? I shall go to him, but he will not return to me."<ref>[http://etext.virginia.edu/etcbin/toccer-new2?id=Rsv2Sam.sgm&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/modeng/parsed&tag=public&part=12&division=div1 2 Samuel 12]</ref>

=== Absalom ===
David’s beloved son [[Absalom]] rebels against his father. The armies of Absalom and David come to battle in the [[Wood of Ephraim]], and Absalom is caught by his hair in the branches of an oak. David’s general Joab kills him as he hangs there. When the news of the victory is brought to David he does not rejoice, but is instead shaken with grief: “O my son Absalom, my son, my son Absalom! Would I had died instead of you, O Absalom, my son, my son!”

=== The Psalms of David ===
David is described as the author of the majority of the [[Psalms]]. One of the most famous is {{bibleverse||Psalm|51|JP}}, traditionally said to have been composed by David after Nathan upbraided him over Bathsheba and Uriah. Perhaps the best-known is [[Psalm 23]]:
:
::1 The LORD is my shepherd; I shall not want.
::2 He maketh me to lie down in green pastures:
:::he leadeth me beside the still waters.
::3 He restoreth my soul:
:::he leadeth me in the paths of righteousness for his name's sake.
::4 Yea, though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death,
:::I will fear no evil: for thou art with me;
:::thy rod and thy staff they comfort me.
::5 Thou preparest a table before me in the presence of mine enemies:
:::thou anointest my head with oil;
:::my cup runneth over.
::6 Surely goodness and mercy shall follow me all the days of my life:
:::and I will dwell in the house of the LORD for ever."

=== Reign of David ===
"Thus David the son of Jesse reigned over all Israel. The time that he reigned over Israel was forty years; he reigned seven years in Hebron, and thirty-three years in Jerusalem. Then he died in a good old age, full of days, riches, and honour; and [[Solomon]] his son reigned in his stead".<ref>{{bibleverse|1|Chronicles|29:26-28|HE}}</ref>

== David in later Abrahamic tradition ==
=== David in Judaism ===
[[Image:Bathsheba solomon david.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Abishag, Bathsheba, Solomon, and [[Nathan (Prophet)|Nathan]] tend to aging David, c. 1435]]
David's reign represents the formation of a coherent [[Judaism|Jewish kingdom]] centered in [[Jerusalem]] and the institution of an eternal royal dynasty; the failure of this "eternal" Davidic dynasty after some four centuries led to the later elaboration of the concept of the [[Messiah]], at first a human descendant of David who would occupy the throne of a restored kingdom, later an apocalyptic figure who would usher in the end of time.

In modern Judaism David's descent from a convert ([[Book of Ruth|Ruth]]) is taken as proof of the importance of converts within Judaism. David is also viewed as a tragic figure; his acquisition of Bathsheba, and the loss of his son are viewed as his central tragedies.

Many legends have grown around the figure of David. According to one Rabbinic tradition, David was raised as the illegitimate son of his father Jesse and spent his early years herding his father's sheep in the wilderness while his brothers were in school. Only at his anointing by Samuel - when the oil from Samuel's flask turned to diamonds and pearls - was David's true identity as Jesse's legal son revealed. David's piety was said to be so great that his prayers could bring down things from Heaven. His adultery with Bathsheba was only an opportunity to demonstrate the power of repentance and some [[Talmud|Talmudic authors]] stated that it was not adultery at all, quoting a supposed Jewish practice of divorce on the eve of battle to prevent the wives of the missing-in-action from becoming ''[[Agunah|agunot]]''. Furthermore, according to David's apologists, the death of Uriah was not to be considered murder, on the basis that Uriah had committed a capital offence by refusing to obey a direct command from the King.<ref>[http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=82&letter=D#260 Jewish Encyclopedia, "David"]</ref>

According to [[midrashim]]<ref>Zohar Bereishis 91b</ref>, Adam gave up 70 years of his life for the life of David. Also, according to the Talmud Yerushalmi, David was born and died on the Jewish holiday of [[Shavuot]] (Feast of Weeks).

=== David in Christianity ===
[[Image:Rey David por Pedro Berruguete.JPG|thumb|200px|King David by [[Pedro Berruguete]].]]

Originally an earthly king ruling by divine appointment ("the anointed one", as the title [[Messiah]] had it), the "son of David" became in the last two pre-Christian centuries the apocalyptic and heavenly "son of God" who would deliver Israel and usher in a new kingdom. This was the background to the concept of Messiahship in early Christianity, which interpreted the career of Jesus "by means of the titles and functions assigned to David in the mysticism of the Zion cult, in which he served as priest-king and in which he was the mediator between God and man."<ref>[http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-1727/David "David"] article from ''Encyclopedia Britannica Online''</ref>

Christians have traditionally believed that the [[Old Testament prophecies]] foretold that the Messiah would be a descendant of David, and the Gospels of [[Gospel of Matthew|Matthew]] and [[Gospel of Luke|Luke]] therefore trace [[Jesus]]' lineage to David in fulfillment of this requirement.

"Incidents in the life of David [foreshadowed] the life of Christ; [[Bethlehem]] is the birthplace of both; the shepherd life of David points out Christ, [[The Good Shepherd (Christianity)|the Good Shepherd]]; the five stones chosen to slay Goliath are [[Typology (theology)|typical]] of the [[Holy Wounds|five wounds]]; the betrayal by his trusted counsellor, [[Ahitophel|Achitophel]], and the passage over the [[Kidron Valley|Cedron]] remind us of Christ's [[Passion (Christianity)|Sacred Passion]]. Many of the Davidic Psalms, as we learn from the New Testament, are clearly [[Typology (theology)|typical]] of the future [[Messias]]."<ref>John Corbett (1911) [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04642b.htm King David] ''[[The Catholic Encyclopedia]]'' (New York: Robert Appleton Company)</ref>

In the [[Middle Ages]], "[[Charlemagne]] thought of himself, and was viewed by his court scholars, as a 'new David'. [This was] not in itself a new idea, but [one whose] content and significance were greatly enlarged by him."<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=DhpKxQT8n74C&pg=PA101&lpg=PA101&dq=charlemagne+described+as+a+new+david&source=web&ots=vjwf-CjzXi&sig=52MXxWcu1a_gSiOTNycuSe8XTWc Oxford Illustrated History of Christianity],</ref> Charlemagne's iconographic linking of David to earthly kingship was reflected in later Medieval cathedral windows all over Europe thnrough the device of the [[Tree of Jesse]] its branches demonstrating how divine kingship descended from Jesse, through his son David, to Jesus.

[[Western Rite]] churches (Roman Catholic, Lutheran) celebrate his feast day on [[29 December]], Eastern-rite on 19 December.<ref>[http://www.saintpatrickdc.org/ss/1229.shtml Saint of the Day] for [[December 29]] at St. Patrick Catholic Church, Washington, D.C.</ref> The [[Eastern Orthodox Church]] and [[Eastern Catholic Church]] celebrate the [[feast day]] of the "Holy Righteous Prophet and King David" on the Sunday of the Holy Forefathers (two Sundays before the [[Great Feast]] of the [[Christmas|Nativity of the Lord]]), when he is commemorated together with other [[geneology of Jesus|ancestors of Jesus]]. He is also commemorated on the Sunday after the Nativity, together with [[Saint Joseph|Joseph]] and [[James, the Brother of the Lord]].

=== David in Latter Day Saint Doctrine ===
The [[Doctrine and Covenants]] of [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] cites David as one directed by God to practice [[polygamy]], but who sinned in committing adultery with Bathsheba and having Uriah killed:

:"Verily, thus saith the LORD ... David’s wives and concubines were given unto him of me, by the hand of Nathan, my servant, and others of the prophets who had the keys of this power; and in none of these things did he sin against me save in the case of Uriah and his wife; and, therefore he hath fallen from his exaltation."<ref>[http://scriptures.lds.org/en/dc/132/1,38-39#1 Doctrine and Covenants 132:1, 38-39] (see highlighted portions).</ref>

This clarifies the LDS doctrine that polygamy is only allowed as directed by the Lord, otherwise it is a grievous sin.<ref>[http://scriptures.lds.org/en/jacob/2/28-30#28 Book of Mormon, Jacob 2:28-30].</ref> The Church forbade polygamy in 1890, citing a revelation given to [[Wilford Woodruff]] at that time.<ref>[http://scriptures.lds.org/en/od/1 Doctrine and Covenants, Official Declaration—1]</ref>

=== David in Islam ===<!-- This section is linked from [[Christianity and Islam]] -->
David, known in the [[Islam]]ic tradition as Dawood ({{unicode|Dāwūd}}), is one of the [[prophets of Islam]], to whom the [[Zabur]] ([[Psalms]]) were revealed by [[God]] ([[Allah]]). [[Muslim]]s reject the Biblical portrayal of David as an adulterer and murderer (in association with the story of [[Uriah]] and [[Bathsheba]]). The rejection is based on the concept of [[ismah]], or the infallibility of the prophets. The concept is often associated with the [[Shia Islam|Shi'a]] branch of Islam.

According to some Islamic narrations [[David]] was not from [[Judah]] but was from [[Levi]] and [[Aron]] <ref>Behar al Anvar V:13 P:440, Tafseer Al-Qomi V:1 P:82, The story of Prophets of Jazayeri Page 331</ref> Dawood was in Taloot's ([[Saul the King|Saul]]'s) army.
[[Goliath]] appears in the Qur'an as [[Jalut]]; and like in Judaism, Jalut's slayer is Dawood:

:"And Dawood slew Jalut, and Allah gave him kingdom and wisdom,
:and taught him of what He pleased."<ref>Surah 1, ayah 251. Transl. [[Mohammed Habib Shakir|Shakir]]</ref>

==Historicity of David==

''See [[The Bible and history]] and [[dating the Bible]] for a more complete description of the general issues surrounding the Bible as a historical source.''

=== Archaeology ===
[[Image:Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn 030.jpg|thumb|left|300px|David and [[King Saul]], by [[Rembrandt]]. David plays the lyre (depicted here as a [[harp]]) to the king "tormented by an evil spirit"]]

An inscription found at [[Tel Dan Stele|Tel Dan]] and dated c.850-835 BC has been interpreted as containing the phrase 'House of David' (ביתדוד); the [[Mesha Stele]] from Moab, and from a similar time, may contain the same phrase; and [[Kenneth Kitchen]] has proposed that an inscription of c. 945 BC by the Egyptian Pharaoh [[Shoshenq I]] mentions "the highlands of David," but this has not been widely accepted.<ref>See, for example, ''The Tel Dan Inscription: A Reappraisal and a New Interpretation'' [Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 2003], pp. 193-194. See also [http://www.bibleinterp.com/commentary/McKensie_020301.htm King David: A Biography] (Steven McKenzie, Associate Professor Rhodes College, Memphis, Tennessee): McKenzie discusses the background to his 2002 book of the same title (ISBN 978-0195132731). On the Shoshenq inscription, see K. A. Kitchen, "A Possible Mention of David in the Late Tenth Century B.C., and Deity *Dod as Dead as the Dodo?" ''Journal for the Study of the Old Testament'' 76 (1997): 29–44, especially 39–41.</ref> "If the reading of בית דוד [House of David] on the Tel Dan stele is correct, ... then we have solid evidence that a 9th-century Aramean king considered the founder of the Judean dynasty to be somebody named דוד" (David).<ref>[http://www.heardworld.com/higgaion/?m=200509&paged=2 Picking Abraham and Chosing David], Christopher Heard, Associate Professor of Religion at [[Pepperdine University]]. See also Israeli jounalist Daniel Gavron's ''[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2003/9/King%20David%20and%20Jerusalem-%20Myth%20and%20Reality King David and Jerusalem - Myth and Reality]'' for a useful overview.</ref>

The Bronze and Iron Age remains of the [[City of David]]<ref>The original urban core of Jerusalem, identified with the reigns of David and Solomon.</ref> were investigated extensively in the 1970s and 1980s under the direction of [[Yigael Shiloh]] of [[Hebrew University]], but failed to discover significant evidence of occupation during the 10th century BC <ref>See [[David Ussishkin]], "Solomon's Jerusalem: The Text and the Facts on the Ground," in: A.G. Vaughn and A.E. Killebrew (eds.), ''Jerusalem in Bible and Archaeology: The First Temple Period'', (Society of Biblical Literature, Symposium Series, No. 18), Atlanta, 2003, pp. 103-115. See also Cahill, J., David's Jerusalem, Fiction or Reality? The Archaeological Evidence Proves It, and Steiner, M., David's Jerusalem, Fiction or Reality? It's Not There: Archaeology Proves a Negative, both in ''Biblical Archaeology Review'' 24/4, 1998 (the two scholars argue opposite sides of the case for a Jerusalem in keeping with the biblical portrayal).</ref> In 2005 [[Eilat Mazar]] found a [[Large Stone Structure]] which she claimed was David's Palace<ref>See [[Eilat Mazar]], "Did I find David's Temple?" in Biblical Archeology Review, Jan/Feb 2006</ref>, but the site is contaminated and impossible to date accurately. Elsewhere in the territory of biblical Judah and Israel, no royal inscriptions exist from the 10th century BCE, nor evidence of a royal bureaucracy (the equivalents of the [[LMLK seal]]<ref>LMLK:"Belonging to the king", or "for the king".</ref> attached to oil jars associated with the Judean royal bureaucracy of the late 8th century BC), nor the inscribed potshards which would provide evidence of widespread literacy. Surveys of surface finds aimed at tracing settlement patterns and population changes have shown that between the 16th and 8th centuries BC, a period which includes the biblical kingdoms of David and Solomon, the entire population of the hill country of Judah was no more than about 5,000 persons, most of them wandering pastoralists, with the entire urbanised area consisting of about twenty small villages.<ref>On settlement patterns in ancient Judah, see A. Ofer, "'All the Hill Country of Judah': From a Settlement Fringe to a Prosperous Monarchy," in I. Finkelstein and N. Na'aman, eds., ''From Nomadism to Monarchy'' (Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society, 1994), pp. 92-121; "The Judean Hills in the Biblical Period," Qadmoniot 115 (1998), 40-52 (Hebrew); "The Monarchic Period in the Judaean Highland," in A. Mazar, ed., ''Studies in the Archaeology of the Iron Age in Israel and Jordan'' (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 2001), pp. 14-37.</ref>

While the Tel Dan stele is largely accepted as supporting the historical existence of a Judean royal dynasty tracing its descent from an individual named David <ref>Dever, William G., "What did the Bible writers know and when did they know it?" William B. Eerdmans Publ. Co., Cambridge UK, 2001</ref>, the interpretation of the archeological evidence on the extent and nature of Judah and Jerusalem in the 10th century BC is a matter of fierce debate. On one hand is the view of [[Israel Finkelstein]] and [[Ze'ev Herzog]] of [[Tel Aviv University]]. Finkelstein says in his ''[[The Bible Unearthed]]'' (2001): "[O]n the basis of archaeological surveys, Judah remained relatively empty of permanent population, quite isolated and very marginal right up to and past the presumed time of David and Solomon, with no major urban centers and with no pronounced hierarchy of hamlets, villages and towns."<ref>Israel Finkelstein and Neil Asher Silberman, ''The Bible Unearthed: Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and the Origin of its Sacred Texts'', p.132. See [http://www.theosophy-nw.org/theosnw/world/christ/xt-sbd2.htm this summary] of Finkelstein and Silberman's book.</ref> According to [[Ze'ev Herzog]] "the united monarchy of David and Solomon, which is described by the Bible as a regional power, was at most a small tribal kingdom". <ref>[http://mideastfacts.org/facts/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=32&Itemid=34 mideastfacts.org - Deconstructing the walls of Jericho<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>On the other is [[William G. Dever|William Dever]], in his ''[[What Did the Biblical Writers Know and When Did They Know It?]],'' holds that the archaeological and anthropological evidence supports the broad biblical account of a Judean state in the 10th century BC.<ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=6-VxwC5rQtwC&pg=PA127&lpg=PA127&dq=dever+archaeologist&source=web&ots=hTb69Ntpq9&sig=6boKenG3GOaky3YTJDx5LKr851k#PPP1,M1 Dever, What Did the Biblical Writers Know...?]</ref>

=== The Bible and David's Reign ===
[[Image:David-icon.jpg|thumb|[[Russian icon|Russian]] [[icon]] of St. David, the Prophet and King, 18th century ([[Iconostasis]] of [[Kizhi]] [[monastery]], [[Karelia]], [[Russia]]).]]

The biblical evidence for David comes from three sources: the [[Psalms]], the [[book of Samuel]] (two books in the Christian tradition), and the [[book of Chronicles]] (also two books in the Christian tradition). Although almost half of the Psalms are headed "A Psalm of David", the headings are later additions, and the Hebrew preposition translated in English as "of" can also be translated as "for". "No psalm can be attributed to David with certainty, and aside from the headings, they contain no information about David's life that is useful for historical reconstruction."<ref>[http://www.bibleinterp.com/commentary/McKensie_020301.htm Steven McKenzie, Associate Professor Rhodes College, Memphis, Tennessee].</ref> Chronicles retells Samuel from a different theological vantage point, but contains little if any information not available in Samuel. The biblical evidence for David is therefore dependent almost exclusively on the material contained in the chapters from 1 Samuel 16 to 1 Kings 2.

The question of David's historicity therefore becomes the question of the date, textual integrity, authorship and reliability of 1st and 2nd Samuel. Since [[Martin Noth]] put forward his analysis of the [[Deuteronomistic History]] biblical scholars have accepted that these two books form part of a continuous history of Israel, compiled no earlier than the late 7th century BC, but incorporating earlier works and fragments. Samuel's account of David "seems to have undergone two separate acts of editorial slanting. The original writers show a strong bias against Saul, and in favour of David and Solomon. Many years later, the Deuteronomists edited the material in a manner that conveyed their religious message, inserting reports and anecdotes that strengthened their monotheistic doctrine. Some of the materials in Samuel I and II , notably the lists of officers, officials, and districts are believed to be very early, possibly even dating to the time of David or Solomon. These documents were probably in the hands of the Deuteronomists when they started to compile the material three centuries later."<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2003/9/King%20David%20and%20Jerusalem-%20Myth%20and%20Reality "King David and Jerusalem: Myth and Reality", Israel Review of Arts and Letters, 2003], Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs.</ref>

Beyond this, the full range of possible interpretations is available, from the "maximalist" position of the late [[John Bright]], whose "History of Israel", dating largely from the 1950s, takes Samuel at face value, to the recent "minimalist" scholars such [[Thomas L. Thompson]], who measures Samuel against the archaeological evidence and concludes that "an independent history of Judea during the Iron I and Iron II periods [i.e., the period of David] has little room for historicizing readings of the stories of I-II Samuel and I Kings."<ref>[http://www.bibleinterp.com/articles/copenhagen.htm "A View from Copenhagen", Thomas L. Thompson, Professor of Old Testament, Copenhagen University].</ref> Within this gamut some interesting studies of David have been written. [[Baruch Halpern]] has pictured David as a lifelong vassal of [[Achish]], the Philistine king of Gath;<ref>Baruch Halpern, "David's Secret Demons", 2001.[http://www.bookreviews.org/pdf/1551_3721.pdf Review of Baruch Halpern's "David's Secret Demons"].</ref> [[Israel Finkelstein]] and [[Neil Asher Silberman]] have identified as the oldest and most reliable section of Samuel those chapters which describe David as the charismatic leader of a band of outlaws who captures Jerusalem and makes it his capital.<ref>Finkelstein and Silberman, "David and Solomon", 2006. See review[http://www.archaeology.org/0601/reviews/kings.html "Archaeology" magazine].</ref>

==David's family==
[[Image:Gustave dore bibel death of absalom.jpg|thumb|300px|The Death of Absalom (engraving from the [[Doré]] Bible).]]
David's father was [[Jesse]], the son of [[Obed]], son of [[Boaz]] of the tribe of [[Tribe of Judah|Judah]] and Ruth the [[Moab]]ite, whose story is told at length in the [[Book of Ruth]]. David's lineage is fully documented in {{bibleverse||Ruth|4:18-22|JP}}, (the "[[Pharez]]" that heads the line is Judah's son, {{bibleverse||Genesis|38:29|JP}}).

1 Chronicles 2 mentions David is the seventh son of Jesse, while 1 Samuel 16 & 17 call David the youngest son of eight total sons.

David had eight known wives, although he appears to have had children from other women as well:
* [[Michal]], the second daughter of [[King Saul]]
* [[Ahinoam]] of Jezreel
* [[Abigail]], previously wife of the evil [[Nabal]]
* [[Maachah]]
* [[Haggith]]
* [[Abital]]
* [[Eglah]]
* [[Bathsheba]], previously the wife of Uriah the Hittite
In his old age he took the beautiful [[Abishag]] into his bed for health reasons, "but the king knew her not (intimately)" ({{bibleverse|1|Kings|1:1-4|JP}}).

As given in {{bibleverse|1|Chronicles|3|JP}}, David had sons by various wives and [[concubine]]s; their names are not given in ''Chronicles''. By Bathsheba, his sons were:
* [[Shammua]]
* [[Shobab]]
* [[Nathan (son of David)|Nathan]]
* [[Solomon]]

His sons born in Hebron by other mothers included:
* [[Amnon]] was the progeny of David and [[Ahinoam]]
* [[Daniel (son of David)|Daniel]] was the progeny of David and [[Abigail]]
* [[Absalom]] was the progeny of David and [[Maachah]]
* [[Adonijah]] was the progeny of David and [[Haggith]]
* [[Shephatiah]] was the progeny of David and [[Abital]]
* [[Ithream]] was the progeny of David and [[Eglah]]

His sons born in Jerusalem by other mothers included:
* [[Ibhar]]
* [[Elishua]]
* [[Eliphelet]]
* [[Nogah]]
* [[Nepheg]]
* [[Japhia]]
* [[Elishama]]
* [[Eliada]]

According to {{bibleverse|2|Chronicles|11:18|JP}}, another son was born to David who is not mentioned in any of the genealogies:
* [[Jerimoth]]
And according to 2 Samuel 9 David adopts Johnathan's son [[Mephibosheth]] as his own.

David also had at least one daughter, [[Tamar]], progeny of David and Maachah and the full sister of Absalom, who is later raped by her brother Amnon, leading to Amnon's death.

===Relationship with Jonathan===

The intimate relationship between [[David and Jonathan]] is recorded favourably in the [[books of Samuel]]. There is debate amongst biblical scholars whether this relationship was platonic, romantic but chaste, or sexual.

== Claimed descendants of David ==

The following are some of the more notable persons who have [[List of Messiah claimants|claimed descent from the Biblical David]], or had it claimed on their behalf:
*[[Jesus of Nazareth]]
*[[Rabbi Akiba]], Akiba ben Josef, also known as Akiva (d. ''c.'' 135)
*[[Judah Loew]], Yehuda Loew ben Bezalel (''c.'' 1525, Prague; 22 August 1609 Prague), also known as "The Maharal of Prague".
*The [[Abravanel|Abravanel family]]
*The [[Bagratid dynasties]] of [[Armenia]] and [[Georgia (country)|Georgia]], including the Russian general [[Pyotr Bagration]]
*The [[Baal Shem Tov]], and through him every [[Hassidic Judaism|Hassidic]] [[Rebbe]] descended from him
*[[Dov Ber of Mezeritch]]
*[[Eliezer Silver]]
*Rabbi [[Menachem Mendel Schneerson]], whose family is descended from [[Judah Loew]].
*[[Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia]]
*[[Sean Paul]]
*The [[Merovingian]] kings of the [[Franks]], via the [[Jesus bloodline]].

==Representation in art and literature==
[[Image:David von Michelangelo.jpg|thumb|250px|''[[David (Michelangelo)|David]]'', [[Michelangelo]], 1500-1504.]]

===Art===
Famous sculptures of David include (in chronological order) those by:
* [[Donatello]] (''c.'' 1430 - 1440), [[David (Donatello)|''David'' (Donatello)]]
* [[Andrea del Verrocchio]] (1476), [[David (Verrocchio)|''David'' (Verrocchio)]]
* [[Michelangelo]] (1504), [[David (Michelangelo)|''David'' (Michaelangelo)]]
* [[Gian Lorenzo Bernini]] (1624), [[David (Bernini)|''David'' (Bernini)]]
* [[Antonin Mercié]] (1873)

===Literature===
*[[Elmer Davis]]'s 1928 novel ''Giant Killer'' retells and embellishes the Biblical story of David, casting David as primarily a poet who managed always to find others to do the "dirty work" of heroism and kingship. In the novel, [[Elhanan]] in fact killed Goliath but David claimed the credit; and [[Joab]], David's cousin and general, took it upon himself to make many of the difficult decisions of war and statecraft when David vacillated or wrote poetry instead.
*[[Gladys Schmitt]] wrote a novel titled "David the King" in 1946 which proceeds as a richly embellished biography of David's entire life. The book took a risk, especially for its time, in portraying David's relationship with Jonathan as overtly [[homoerotic]], but was ultimately panned by critics as a bland rendition of the title character.
*In [[Thomas Burnett Swann]]'s Biblical [[fantasy]] [[novel]] ''How are the Mighty Fallen'' (1974) [[David and Jonathan]] are explicitly stated to be lovers. Moreover, Jonathan is a member of a winged semi-human race (possibly [[nephilim]]), one of several such races co-existing with humanity but often persecuted by it.
*[[Joseph Heller]], the author of ''[[Catch-22]]'', also wrote a novel based on David, ''[[God Knows (novel)|God Knows]]''. Told from the perspective of an aging David, the humanity &mdash; rather than the heroism &mdash; of various biblical characters are emphasized. The portrayal of David as a man of flaws such as greed, lust, selfishness, and his alienation from God, the falling apart of his family is a distinctly 20th century interpretation of the events told in the Bible.
*[[Juan Bosch]], Dominican political leader and writer, wrote "David: Biography of a King" (1966) a realistic approach to David's life and political career.
*[[Allan Massie]] wrote "King David" (1995), a novel about David's career which portrays the king's relationship to Jonathan and others as openly homosexual.
*[[Madeleine L'Engle]]'s novel ''[[Certain Women (novel)|Certain Women]]'' explores family, the Christian faith, and the nature of God through the story of King David's family and an analogous modern family's saga.<ref>Madeleine L'Engle, ''Certain Women'', ISBN 9780374120252</ref>

===Film===
*[[Gregory Peck]], played King David in the 1951 film ''[[David and Bathsheba]]'', directed by [[Henry King (director)|Henry King]]. [[Susan Hayward]] played Bathsheba and [[Raymond Massey]] played the prophet Nathan.
*[[Finlay Currie]], played an aged King David in the 1959 film ''[[Solomon and Sheba]]'', directed by [[King Vidor]]. [[Yul Brynner]] played Solomon and [[Gina Lollobrigida]] played the Queen of Sheba.
*[[Jeff Chandler]], played King David in the 1960 TV movie ''A Story of David'', directed by Bob McNaught. [[Basil Sydney]] played King Saul and [[Donald Pleasence]] played Nabal.
*[[Keith Michell]], played the older King David, and [[Timothy Bottoms]], played the younger King David in the 1976 TV [[miniseries]] ''The Story of David'', directed by David Lowell Rich and Alex Segal.
*[[Richard Gere]] portrayed King David in the 1985 film ''[[King David (film)|King David]]'' directed by [[Bruce Beresford]].
*[[Nathaniel Parker]] portrayed King David in the 1997 TV movie ''David''. It also starred [[Sheryl Lee]] as Bathsheba and [[Leonard Nimoy]] as Samuel.

===Music===
[[Arthur Honegger]]'s oratorio, ''Le Roi David'' ('King David'), with a libretto by Rene Morax, was composed in 1921 and instantly became a staple of the choral repertoire; it is still widely performed.

[[Leonard Cohen]]'s song "[[Hallelujah (Leonard Cohen song)|Hallelujah]]" has references to David ("there was a secret chord that David played and it pleased the Lord", "The baffled king composing Hallelujah") and Bathsheba ("you saw her bathing on the roof") in its opening verses.

[[Dead (Pixies song)|Dead]] by the [[Pixies]] is a retelling of David's adultery and repentance.

[[50 cent]]'s song "U Not Like Me" contains a reference to David ("My songs belong in the Bible with King David's") in its opening verse.

===Musical Theatre===
In 1997, lyricist Tim Rice (Jesus Christ Superstar, Evita) collaborated with Alan Menken to create a musical based on the Biblical tale of King David. Based on Biblical tales from the Books of Samuel and 1 Chronicles, as well as text from David's Psalms, a concert version, produced by Disney Theatrical Productions and André Djaoui and directed by Mike Ockrent, was presented as the inaugural production at Disney's newly-renovated New Amsterdam Theatre (the former home of the Ziegfeld Follies), playing for a nine-performance limited run in 1997. The cast included Roger Bart, Stephen Bogardus, Judy Kuhn, Alice Ripley, Martin Vidnovic, and Michael Goz, with Marcus Lovett in the title role. Though a Broadway run was scheduled, it was soon canceled and there have been no future arrangements to move the musical to the Broadway stage.

==See also==
{{portalpar|Saints|Gloriole.svg}}
*[[Alleged King David's Palace site|King David's Palace site]]
*[[King David's Tomb]]
*[[Tel Arad]]
*[[David and Jonathan]]

== Notes ==
(Note:Online Bible references are to the Revised Standard Version)
{{reflist|3}}

==References==
*Kirsch, Jonathan (2000) ''King David: the real life of the man who ruled Israel''. Ballantine. ISBN 0-345-43275-4.
*See also the entry "David" in ''[http://bible.crosswalk.com/Dictionaries/EastonBibleDictionary/ Easton's Bible Dictionary]''.
*Dever, William G. (2001) ''What did the Bible writers know and when did they know it?'' William B. Eerdmans Publ. Co., Cambridge UK.

==References to Daud (David) in the Qur'an==
*Appraisals for Daud: [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=21&verseBegin=79&verseEnd=79 21:79], [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=27&verseBegin=15&verseEnd=15 27:15], [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=34&verseBegin=10&verseEnd=10 34:10], [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=38&verseBegin=17&verseEnd=17 38:17], [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=38&verseBegin=18&verseEnd=18 38:18], [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=38&verseBegin=19&verseEnd=19 38:19], [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=38&verseBegin=20&verseEnd=20 38:20], [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=38&verseBegin=21&verseEnd=21 38:21], [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=38&verseBegin=24&verseEnd=24 38:24], [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=38&verseBegin=25&verseEnd=25 38:25], [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=38&verseBegin=26&verseEnd=26 38:26]
*Daud's prophecy: [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=2&verseBegin=251&verseEnd=251 2:251], [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=6&verseBegin=84&verseEnd=84 6:84]
*Daud took care of his child: [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=21&verseBegin=78&verseEnd=78 21:78], [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=21&verseBegin=79&verseEnd=79 21:79]
*the Zabur: [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=3&verseBegin=184&verseEnd=184 3:184], [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=4&verseBegin=163&verseEnd=163 4:163], [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=16&verseBegin=44&verseEnd=44 16:44], [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=17&verseBegin=55&verseEnd=55 17:55], [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=21&verseBegin=105&verseEnd=105 21:105]
*the Zabur was revealed to Daud: [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=4&verseBegin=163&verseEnd=163 4:163], [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=17&verseBegin=55&verseEnd=55 17:55]
*Daud as an example of a pious person: [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=38&verseBegin=17&verseEnd=17 38:17]
*Daud's fight: [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=38&verseBegin=21&verseEnd=21 38:21], [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=38&verseBegin=22&verseEnd=22 38:22], [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=38&verseBegin=23&verseEnd=23 38:23], [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=38&verseBegin=24&verseEnd=24 38:24]
*Challenges for Daud: [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=38&verseBegin=24&verseEnd=24 38:24]
*Daud's occupation: [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=21&verseBegin=80&verseEnd=80 21:80], [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=34&verseBegin=13&verseEnd=13 34:13]
*Daud's power: [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=2&verseBegin=251&verseEnd=251 2:251], [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=38&verseBegin=20&verseEnd=20 38:20]
*Daud's kingdom: [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=2&verseBegin=251&verseEnd=251 2:251], [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=21&verseBegin=79&verseEnd=79 21:79], [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=34&verseBegin=10&verseEnd=10 34:10], [http://www.submission.info/servlet/qtbrowse?pickthall=true&yusufali=true&shakir=true&arabic=true&chapter=38&verseBegin=26&verseEnd=26 38:26]

==External links==
{{commonscat|David}}
{{Wikiquote}}
*[http://www.balashon.com/2008/09/dod.html Etymology of "David"]
*[http://www.complete-bible-genealogy.com/names/david_593.htm Complete Bible Genealogy] David's family tree
*[http://www.feeljerusalem.com/jerusalem_mount_zion_compound.asp King David Tomb - Mount Zion - Jerusalem - Videos, Presentations, Photos] King David's Tomb in Jerusalem
*[http://www.davidicdynasty.org/ The Eternal House Of David Family Reunion]
*[http://thoughtcast.org/casts/poet-robert-pinsky-takes-on-king-david Poet Robert Pinsky Takes on King David] on [[Thoughtcast|ThoughtCast]]
*[http://ocafs.oca.org/FeastSaintsViewer.asp?SID=4&ID=1&FSID=86 Sunday after the Nativity: Commemoration of the Holy Righteous David the King, Joseph the Betrothed, and James the Brother of the Lord] Orthodox [[icon]] and [[synaxarion]]

{{start}}
{{s-hou|[[Davidic line|House of David]]|||||[[Tribe of Judah]]|name=David of the United Kingdom of Israel & Judah}}
{{s-reg|}}
{{s-new|reason=Rebellion from [[United Monarchy|Israel]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Kingdom of Judah|King of Judah]]|years=<small>: </small>1007 BCE &ndash; 1005 BCE}}
{{s-aft|rows=2|after=[[Solomon]]}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Ish-bosheth]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[United Monarchy|King of the united kingdom<br>of Israel and Judah]]|years=<small>: </small>1005 BCE &ndash; 967 BCE}}
{{end}}

{{Adam to David}}
{{Prophets of the Tanakh}}

{{Prophets in the Qur'an|no}}
<!-- Don't need head category [[:Category:Prophets in Judaism]] or [[Category:Prophets in Christianity]], both hold sub-cat [[:category:Prophets of the Hebrew Bible]] which is in the template {{Prophets of the Tanakh}} -->

[[Category:11th century BC people]]
[[Category:10th century BC people]]
[[Category:Kings of ancient Israel]]
[[Category:Kings of ancient Judah]]
[[Category:Hebrew Bible people]]
[[Category:History of Jerusalem]]
[[Category:Shepherds]]
[[Category:Old Testament saints]]
[[Category:Jewish royalty]]
[[Category:Biblical murderers]]

[[ar:داود]]
[[az:Davud]]
[[be:Давыд, цар ізраільска-іудзейскі]]
[[br:David]]
[[ca:David]]
[[cs:David (král Izraele)]]
[[da:Kong David]]
[[de:David (Israel)]]
[[el:Δαβίδ]]
[[es:David]]
[[eo:Davido]]
[[fa:داوود]]
[[fr:David (Bible)]]
[[fur:Davide]]
[[gl:David]]
[[hak:Thai-ví-vòng]]
[[ko:다윗 왕]]
[[hr:Kralj David]]
[[id:Daud]]
[[it:Davide (Bibbia)]]
[[he:דוד]]
[[ku:Dawid]]
[[la:David (Rex)]]
[[lt:Dovydas]]
[[hu:Dávid király]]
[[ms:Nabi Daud a.s.]]
[[nl:Koning David]]
[[ja:ダビデ]]
[[no:David av Israel]]
[[nn:David I av Israel]]
[[pl:Dawid (król Izraela)]]
[[pt:David]]
[[ro:David (Israel)]]
[[ru:Давид]]
[[sq:Mbreti David]]
[[sr:Краљ Давид]]
[[fi:Daavid]]
[[sv:Kung David]]
[[tl:David]]
[[th:เดวิด]]
[[vi:David]]
[[tr:Davud]]
[[uk:Давид]]
[[ur:داؤد علیہ السلام]]
[[wo:Daawuda]]
[[yi:דוד המלך]]
[[zh:大衛]]

Revision as of 15:58, 10 October 2008

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