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{{otheruses|Red Storm}} |
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'''Red Storm''' is a [[supercomputer]] architecture designed for the US Department of Energy’s |
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National Nuclear Security Administration [[Advanced Simulation and Computing Program]]. |
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[[Cray, Inc]] developed it based on the contracted architectural specifications provided |
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by [[Sandia National Laboratories]].<ref>{{cite pressrelease |
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| url = http://www.sandia.gov/ASC/pubs_pres/pubs/RS_flyer.pdf |
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| title = Red Storm 2004 fact sheet |
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| date = 2004-06 |
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| accessdate = 2009-08-11 |
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}}</ref> The architecture was later commercially produced as the |
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[[Cray XT3]].<ref>{{cite pressrelease |
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| url = http://www.sandia.gov/news-center/news-releases/2004/comp-soft-math/redstormrising.html |
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| title = Sandia Red Storm press release |
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| date = 2004-07-27 |
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| accessdate = 2009-08-11 |
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}}</ref> |
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Red Storm is a partitioned, space shared, tightly coupled, [[massively parallel]] processing machine with a high performance 3D mesh network. The processors are commodity [[AMD]] [[Opteron]] CPUs with off-the-shelf memory [[DIMM]]s. The NIC/router combination, called SeaStar, is the only custom [[ASIC]] component in the system and uses a [[PowerPC 400#PowerPC 440|PowerPC 440]] based core. When deployed in 2005, Red Storm’s initial configuration consisted of 10,880 single-core 2.0 GHz Opterons, of which 10,368 were dedicated for scientific calculations. The remaining 512 Opterons were used to service the computations and also provide the user interface to the system and run a version of [[Linux]]. This initial installation consisted of 140 cabinets, taking up {{convert|280|m2}} of floor space. |
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The Red Storm supercomputer was designed to be highly scalable from a single cabinet to hundreds of cabinets and has been scaled-up twice. In 2006 the system was upgraded to 2.4 GHz [[Dual-Core]] Opterons. An additional fifth row of computer cabinets were also brought online resulting in over 26,000 processor cores. This resulted in a peak performance of 124.4 teraflops, or 101.4 running the [[Linpack]] [[benchmark]].<ref>{{cite pressrelease |
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| url = http://www.sandia.gov/news/resources/releases/2006/red-storm.html |
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| title = Red Storm upgrade lifts Sandia supercomputer to 2nd in world, but 1st in scalability, say researchers |
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| date = 2006-11-14 |
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| accessdate = 2009-08-11 |
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}}</ref> |
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A second major upgrade in 2008 introduced [[Cray XT4]] technology: [[Quad-core]] Opteron |
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processors and an increase in memory to 2 GB per core. This resulted in a peak theoretical |
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performance of 284 teraflops.<ref>{{cite pressrelease |
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| url = http://investors.cray.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=98390&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1104852 |
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| title = Cray and Sandia Announce Agreement to Upgrade "Red Storm" Supercomputer to 284 Teraflops |
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| date = Feb 06, 2008-02-06 |
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| accessdate = 2009-08-11 |
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}}</ref> |
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[[Top 500]] performance ranking for Red Storm after each upgrade: |
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* November 2005: Rank 6 (36.19 TFLOPS) <ref>{{cite web |
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| url = http://www.top500.org/lists/2005/11 |
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| title = Top 500 rankings for Nov 2005 |
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| date = 2005-11 |
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| accessdate = 2009-08-11 |
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}}</ref> |
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* November 2006: Rank 2 (101.4 TFLOPS) <ref>{{cite web |
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| url = http://www.top500.org/lists/2006/11 |
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| title = Top 500 rankings for Nov 2006 |
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| date = 2006-11 |
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| accessdate = 2009-08-11 |
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}}</ref> |
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* November 2008: Rank 9 (204.2 TFLOPS) <ref>{{cite web |
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| url = http://www.top500.org/lists/2008/11 |
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| title = Top 500 rankings for Nov 2008 |
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| date = 2008-11 |
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| accessdate = 2009-08-11 |
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}}</ref> |
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Red Storm is intended for capability computing. That is, a single application can be run on |
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the entire system. This is in contrast to cluster-style capacity computing, in which portions |
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of a cluster are assigned to run different applications. The performance of the memory |
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subsystem, the processor, and the network must be in proper balance to achieve adequate |
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application progress across the entire machine. System software plays a key role as well. The [[Portals network programming api|Portals network programming API]] is used to ensure inter-processor communication can scale as large as the entire system, and has been used on many different supercomputers, including the [[Intel Teraflops]] and [[Intel Paragon|Paragon]]. The compute processors use a custom lightweight kernel operating system named Catamount, which is based on the operating system of [[ASCI Red]] called [[SUNMOS|"Cougar"]].<ref>{{cite pressrelease |
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| url = http://www.sandia.gov/ASC/pubs-media/pubs/ASC_factsheet_RS_2008.pdf |
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| title = Red Storm 2008 fact sheet |
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| date = 2008 |
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| accessdate = 2009-08-11 |
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}}</ref> |
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==References== |
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<references/> |
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{{Cray computers}} |
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{{compu-hardware-stub}} |
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[[de:Red Storm]] |
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[[it:ASCI Thor's Hammer]] |
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Revision as of 20:39, 7 December 2009
I love u daddy and i love u to mommy so so so so so so so so so so so so so so so much. yea