Oramics

User interface of Oramics composition machine, consists of: a set of 35mm films (center) between a pair of sprockets with tensioners (right and left), a drawing board for composition (center), and a pair of the film scanners (left label) and the PMT pre-amplifiers (rear units) which convert the drawing on the films to the control signals for the output sound (pitch, timbre, amplitude, etc).

Oramics is a drawn sound technique designed in 1957 by musician Daphne Oram. The machine was further developed in 1962 after receiving a grant from the Gulbenkian Foundation. The technique, similar to Yevgeny Sholpo's "Variophone", involves drawing on 35mm film strips to control the sound produced.

Oram's composition machine consisted of a large rectangular metal frame, providing a table-like surface traversed by ten synchronised strips of clear, sprocketed 35mm film. The musician drew shapes on the film to create a mask, which modulated the light received by photocells. Although the output from the machine was monophonic, the sounds could be added to multitrack tapes to provide more texture.

The original machine was exhibited at the Science Museum in London between 2011 and 2015.

The technique has similarities to that used by Canadian filmmakers Norman McLaren and Evelyn Lambart, some of whose films featured sounds created by drawing or printing various patterns, such as triangles and circles, along the optical soundtrack area of the film.

Oramics was also the name used by Oram to refer to her studio and business interests generally.

Gallery

Oramics' waveforms drawn on a glass plate by Daphne Oram. The round curves produce softer sounds, while the jagged spikes translate into harsher sounds with harmonic elements.

Oramics' composition (control parameters) drawn on 35mm film strips. Note that it is reconstruction in 2011.

Waveform Scanners (bottom) consisted of several sets of the cathode ray tubes (CRT) and the photomultiplier tubes (PMT), are for scanning the waveforms drawn on the glass plates to generate sound source signals.

Pitch Controller circuit board (on the top of scanner) controls the scanning speed of Waveform Scanners by pitch control signal. The light-gray colored 2P sockets on it are for plugin the optional electronic components.
Note: similarly, the amplitude control circuit should be exist on somewhere.

Video of Oramics Machine

File:Oramics Machine by Daphne Oram, exhibited at The Science Museum (uploaded on 2013-11-17 by Loz Pycock) without sound track.webm

Oramics Machine exhibited at Science Museum, London circa 2013.
Note: the soundtrack of this video have been muted. The original soundtrack (music by Daphne Oram) can be listened at source site.

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See also

• ANS synthesizer
• Variophone
• RCA Synthesizer

Further reading

• Daphne Oram (1972), An Individual Note: Of Music, Sound And Electronics, Galliard, ISBN 978-0-8524-9109-6

External links

• "Oramics", daphneoram.org
• Daphne Oram Collection, Goldsmiths, University of London
• Hugh Davies (2003), Daphne Oram: a tribute to a pioneer, London: Sonic Arts Network, archived from the original on February 10, 2006 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help) (find archive)
• Daphne Oram and 'Oramics' (1959), 120years.net

Video

• Nick Street (2011). Oramics (2009) [Nick Street's video] (video). — showing detail of the machine's internals (as is in 2009)
• Nick Street (2011). Oramics to Electronica (video).
• Aura Satz (2012), Oramics: Atlantis Anew (video)

BBC News

• Giles Wilson (23 January 2003), "Daphne Oram, the unsung pioneer of techno", BBC News online
• "How Daphne Oram's Oramic machine changed electro music", BBC News Technology, 4 April 2011