Tilia heterophylla: Difference between revisions
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#REDIRECT [[Tilia caroliniana]] |
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{{merge to|Tilia americana|discuss=Talk:Tilia americana#Merger proposal|date=September 2016}} |
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{{italic title}} |
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{{Taxobox |
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| name = White basswood |
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| image = Tilia monticola JPG1FeB.jpg |
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| image_caption = A young ''Tilia heterophylla'' in the<br />[[National Botanic Garden of Belgium]]. |
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| regnum = [[Plantae]] |
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| unranked_divisio = [[Angiosperms]] |
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| unranked_classis = [[Eudicots]] |
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| unranked_ordo = [[Rosids]] |
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| ordo = [[Malvales]] |
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| familia = [[Malvaceae]] |
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| genus = ''[[Tilia]]'' |
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| species = '''''T. heterophylla''''' |
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| binomial = ''Tilia heterophylla'' |
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| binomial_authority = [[Étienne Pierre Ventenat|Vent.]] |
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| range_map = Tilia heterophylla range map.jpg |
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| range_map_caption = Natural range |
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}} |
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'''''Tilia heterophylla''''', the '''white basswood''', is a species of ''[[Tilia]]'' native to [[mesic forest]]s in eastern [[North America]] from central [[New York (state)|New York]] south to northernmost [[Florida]] and west to [[Missouri]]; it is most common in the [[Appalachian Mountains]].<ref name=usfs>{{Silvics |volume=2 |genus=Tilia |species=heterophylla |first=Timothy |last=LaFarge}}</ref> |
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Its primary distinguishing characteristic from other North American ''Tilia'' species is the presence of dense felt (tomentum) of white hairs on the underside of the leaves. It has often been considered to be a [[variety (botany)|variety]] of ''[[Tilia americana]]'', as ''Tilia americana'' var. ''heterophylla'',<ref name=hardin>Hardin, J. W. (1990). Variation patterns and recognition of varieties of Tilia americana s.l. ''Syst. Bot''. 15: 33-48.</ref><ref name=grin>Germplasm Resources Information Network: [http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi-bin/npgs/html/taxon.pl?411224 ''Tilia americana'' var. ''heterophylla'']</ref> though some others place it as a species in a separate section of the genus, more related to other [[Europe]]an and [[Asia]]n ''Tilia'' species with white tomentum on the undersides of the leaves, such as ''[[Tilia tomentosa]]''.<ref name=rushforth>Rushforth, K. (1999). ''Trees of Britain and Europe''. Collins {{ISBN|0-00-220013-9}}.</ref> The problem of its species status and placement in the genus is complicated by extensive [[natural hybrid]]ization with ''Tilia americana''.<ref name=usfs /> |
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== Description == |
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''Tilia heterophylla'' is a medium-sized to large [[deciduous]] [[tree]] growing to {{convert|27|m|ft|abbr=on}} tall with a trunk up to {{convert|90|cm|ft|abbr=on}} diameter. The [[leaf|leaves]] are large, very unequal at the base, {{convert|7|–|19|cm|in|frac=4|abbr=on}} long and {{convert|6|–|14|cm|in|frac=4|abbr=on}} broad, with a finely toothed margin; they are light green and smooth above, and silvery downy beneath. The [[flower]]s, larger than those of ''T. americana'', are produced in clusters of 10–24 together. The [[fruit]] is spherical, {{convert|13|mm|in|frac=32|abbr=on}} diameter, downy, with the fruit bract pointed at the base.<ref name=usfs /> |
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The tree is not generally well known, but Professor Charles Sargent, in ''The Silva of North America'', says of it: <blockquote>"Few North American trees surpass it in beauty of foliage; and the contrast made by the snowy whiteness of the under surface of its ample leaves as they flutter on their slender stems, with the dark green of the Hemlocks and Laurels on the banks of rapid mountain streams produces one of the most beautiful effects which can be seen in the splendid forests which clothe the valleys of the southern Appalachian Mountains."<ref name=Keeler>{{cite book | last =Keeler | first =Harriet L. | title =Our Native Trees and How to Identify Them | publisher =Charles Scriber's Sons | date =1900 | location =New York | pages =24–31 }}</ref></blockquote> |
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== Uses == |
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The wood is called basswood, and not distinguished from that of other species of ''Tilia''. |
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The young [[List of leaf vegetables|leaves are edible]], and can be made into a mild-flavored [[Tilo tea|tea]].<ref name=pfaf>Plants For A Future: [http://www.pfaf.org/database/plants.php?Tilia+heterophylla ''Tilia heterophylla'']</ref> |
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== References == |
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{{Commons category}} |
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{{reflist}} |
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[[Category:Tilia|heterophylla]] |
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[[Category:Flora of the Appalachian Mountains]] |
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[[Category:Trees of the Eastern United States]] |
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[[Category:Trees of the Northeastern United States]] |
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[[Category:Trees of the Southeastern United States]] |
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[[Category:Flora of Virginia]] |
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Revision as of 02:10, 10 November 2017
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