Capromeryx: Difference between revisions
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= ''Capromeryx'' = |
= ''Capromeryx'' = |
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{{Taxobox |
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| image = [[File:Capromeryx minor p1350725.jpg|thumb|Capromeryx minor p1350725]] |
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| image_caption = Photo Author: David Monniaux |
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Photo of a skeleton recovered from the La Brea Asphalt Pits |
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| regnum = Animalia |
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| phylum = Chordata |
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| classis = Mammalia |
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| ordo = Artiodactyla |
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| familia = Antilocapridae |
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| genus = Capromeryx |
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| status = pre |
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| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Pliocene|Holocene}} |
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| subfamilia = Antilocaprinae |
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| tribus = Stockoceratini |
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| Title = Capromeryx |
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}} |
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[[File:Pronghorn Yellowstone.jpg|thumb|The only living relative of the ''Capromeryx,'' the ''Antilocapridae americanae.'']] |
[[File:Pronghorn Yellowstone.jpg|thumb|The only living relative of the ''Capromeryx,'' the ''Antilocapridae americanae.'']] |
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Capromeryx were genus of dwarf pronghorns ([[Antilocapridae|Antiliocapridae]]) that are now extinct but existed in North America during the [[Pliocene]] about 5 million years ago (the exact range of their presence on the landscape is still not known but the most recent fossils found are dated to 11,000 years ago).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://library.sandiegozoo.org/factsheets/_extinct/dwarf_pronghorn_extinct/dwarf_pronghorn.htm|title=Extinct Dwarf Pronghorn Fact Sheet|website=library.sandiegozoo.org|access-date=2018-04-03}}</ref> The closest living relative, and only surviving member of the family is the North American Pronghorn (''[[Pronghorn|Antilocapra americana]]).''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://library.sandiegozoo.org/factsheets/_extinct/dwarf_pronghorn_extinct/dwarf_pronghorn.htm|title=Extinct Dwarf Pronghorn Fact Sheet|website=library.sandiegozoo.org|access-date=2018-04-16}}</ref> |
Capromeryx were genus of dwarf pronghorns ([[Antilocapridae|Antiliocapridae]]) that are now extinct but existed in North America during the [[Pliocene]] about 5 million years ago (the exact range of their presence on the landscape is still not known but the most recent fossils found are dated to 11,000 years ago).<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://library.sandiegozoo.org/factsheets/_extinct/dwarf_pronghorn_extinct/dwarf_pronghorn.htm|title=Extinct Dwarf Pronghorn Fact Sheet|website=library.sandiegozoo.org|access-date=2018-04-03}}</ref> The closest living relative, and only surviving member of the family is the North American Pronghorn (''[[Pronghorn|Antilocapra americana]]).''<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://library.sandiegozoo.org/factsheets/_extinct/dwarf_pronghorn_extinct/dwarf_pronghorn.htm|title=Extinct Dwarf Pronghorn Fact Sheet|website=library.sandiegozoo.org|access-date=2018-04-16}}</ref> |
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== Description == |
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''Capromeryx'' were the smallest examples of pronghorn from the family ''Antilocapridae.'' They are recognized by having two upright horns that are conical in shape (wider at the base and tapering toward the top).<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Vertebrate Paleontology in New Mexico|last=Lucas|first=Spencer|last2=Sullivan|first2=Robert|publisher=New Mexico Museum of Natural History & Science|year=2015|isbn=|location=Albuquerque|pages=315-317}}</ref> The United States distribution of this genus includes: Arizona, California, Florida, New Mexico, Texas, and Washington. Fossils have also been found in the Mexican states of: Chihuahua, Sonara, and Baja California.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://library.sandiegozoo.org/factsheets/_extinct/dwarf_pronghorn_extinct/dwarf_pronghorn.htm|title=Extinct Dwarf Pronghorn Fact Sheet|website=library.sandiegozoo.org|access-date=2018-04-18}}</ref> Many ''Capromeryx'' fossils have been found in tar pits, and juveniles are especially common. One such location is the Rancho [[La Brea Tar Pits]] in Los Angeles, where enough bones have been unearthed to produce a full skeleton sample of ''[[Capromeryx minor]]'' <ref>{{Cite book|title=Notes on the Pleistocene fossils obtained from Rancho La Brea asphalt pits|last=Wyman|first=L.E.|publisher=Los Angeles Museum of History, Science and Art, Dept. of Natural Sciences; Rev. and amended edition|year=1926|isbn=|location=|pages=29}}</ref>. |
''Capromeryx'' were the smallest examples of pronghorn from the family ''Antilocapridae.'' They are recognized by having two upright horns that are conical in shape (wider at the base and tapering toward the top).<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Vertebrate Paleontology in New Mexico|last=Lucas|first=Spencer|last2=Sullivan|first2=Robert|publisher=New Mexico Museum of Natural History & Science|year=2015|isbn=|location=Albuquerque|pages=315-317}}</ref> The United States distribution of this genus includes: Arizona, California, Florida, New Mexico, Texas, and Washington. Fossils have also been found in the Mexican states of: Chihuahua, Sonara, and Baja California.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://library.sandiegozoo.org/factsheets/_extinct/dwarf_pronghorn_extinct/dwarf_pronghorn.htm|title=Extinct Dwarf Pronghorn Fact Sheet|website=library.sandiegozoo.org|access-date=2018-04-18}}</ref> Many ''Capromeryx'' fossils have been found in tar pits, and juveniles are especially common. One such location is the Rancho [[La Brea Tar Pits]] in Los Angeles, where enough bones have been unearthed to produce a full skeleton sample of ''[[Capromeryx minor]]'' <ref>{{Cite book|title=Notes on the Pleistocene fossils obtained from Rancho La Brea asphalt pits|last=Wyman|first=L.E.|publisher=Los Angeles Museum of History, Science and Art, Dept. of Natural Sciences; Rev. and amended edition|year=1926|isbn=|location=|pages=29}}</ref>. |
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Much like the living pronghorns that exist today, the habitat that these animals were thought to inhabit were grassy planes with some shrubs and large trees for them to take refuge in.<ref name=":1" /> It is still unknow what exactly they ate and how they interacted socially but it is speculated that they were similar in many ways to their living relatives, the North American Pronghorn. |
Much like the living pronghorns that exist today, the habitat that these animals were thought to inhabit were grassy planes with some shrubs and large trees for them to take refuge in.<ref name=":1" /> It is still unknow what exactly they ate and how they interacted socially but it is speculated that they were similar in many ways to their living relatives, the North American Pronghorn. |
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== Classification == |
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Though the identification of ''Capromeryx'' often relies on the basis of tooth size and shape, the description and acceptance of the various species of ''Capromeryx'' requires the fossil presence of horn cores (the bony inner shaft of the horn).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Stirton|first=R. A.|date=1938|title=Notes on Some Late Tertiary and Pleistocene Antilocaprids|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1374578|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|volume=19|issue=3|pages=366–370|doi=10.2307/1374578}}</ref> Some species have not yet produced these cores and therefore have not been recognized as distinct species. Fossil specimens are instead classified by size.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.utep.edu/leb/pleistnm/taxamamm/Capromeryx.htm|title=Capromeryx|website=www.utep.edu|access-date=2018-04-18}}</ref> Fossils identified as the Family ''[[Antilocapridae]]'' are similarly distributed into Genus by size, with ''Capromeryx'' being the smallest of the known Pronghorns.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.utep.edu/leb/pleistnm/taxamamm/antilocapridae.htm|title=Antilocapridae—Pronghorns|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-4-20}}</ref> |
Though the identification of ''Capromeryx'' often relies on the basis of tooth size and shape, the description and acceptance of the various species of ''Capromeryx'' requires the fossil presence of horn cores (the bony inner shaft of the horn).<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Stirton|first=R. A.|date=1938|title=Notes on Some Late Tertiary and Pleistocene Antilocaprids|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/1374578|journal=Journal of Mammalogy|volume=19|issue=3|pages=366–370|doi=10.2307/1374578}}</ref> Some species have not yet produced these cores and therefore have not been recognized as distinct species. Fossil specimens are instead classified by size.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.utep.edu/leb/pleistnm/taxamamm/Capromeryx.htm|title=Capromeryx|website=www.utep.edu|access-date=2018-04-18}}</ref> Fossils identified as the Family ''[[Antilocapridae]]'' are similarly distributed into Genus by size, with ''Capromeryx'' being the smallest of the known Pronghorns.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.utep.edu/leb/pleistnm/taxamamm/antilocapridae.htm|title=Antilocapridae—Pronghorns|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-4-20}}</ref> |
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* ''Capromeryx gidleyi'' |
* ''Capromeryx gidleyi'' |
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== Discovery and species == |
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The earliest fossil records of ''Capromeryx'' are dated to 5 million years ago, during the [[Pliocene]], and the most recent are dated to about 11,000 years ago around the time of their extinction. The fossils over time showed a distinct change in size for the ''Capromeryx'', as they started out with larger bodies and distinct two pronged horns with a smaller anterior prong and a large posterior prong, and evolved to become smaller with less distinct horns, where the anterior prong was barely visible due to the decreased size under the horn sheath <ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=E. JIMÉNEZ-HIDALGO, O. CARRANZA-CASTAÑEDA, M. MONTELLANO-BALLESTEROS|first=|date=|title=A PLIOCENE RECORD OF CAPROMERYX (MAMMALIA: ANTILOCAPRIDAE) IN MÉXICO|url=|journal=Journal of Paleontology|volume=78|pages=|via=}}</ref>. |
The earliest fossil records of ''Capromeryx'' are dated to 5 million years ago, during the [[Pliocene]], and the most recent are dated to about 11,000 years ago around the time of their extinction. The fossils over time showed a distinct change in size for the ''Capromeryx'', as they started out with larger bodies and distinct two pronged horns with a smaller anterior prong and a large posterior prong, and evolved to become smaller with less distinct horns, where the anterior prong was barely visible due to the decreased size under the horn sheath <ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=E. JIMÉNEZ-HIDALGO, O. CARRANZA-CASTAÑEDA, M. MONTELLANO-BALLESTEROS|first=|date=|title=A PLIOCENE RECORD OF CAPROMERYX (MAMMALIA: ANTILOCAPRIDAE) IN MÉXICO|url=|journal=Journal of Paleontology|volume=78|pages=|via=}}</ref>. |
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CORRELATION WITH OTHER BLANCAN FAUNAS OF WASHINGTON AND IDAHO|url=https://www-jstor-org.prxy4.ursus.maine.edu/stable/4523614?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=Capromeryx&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3Ffilter%3D%26amp%3BQuery%3DCapromeryx&refreqid=search%3A1f98b95afafdba4d751bf1d24a2d5308&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology|volume=15|pages=160-170|via=JSTOR}}</ref> |
CORRELATION WITH OTHER BLANCAN FAUNAS OF WASHINGTON AND IDAHO|url=https://www-jstor-org.prxy4.ursus.maine.edu/stable/4523614?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=Capromeryx&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3Ffilter%3D%26amp%3BQuery%3DCapromeryx&refreqid=search%3A1f98b95afafdba4d751bf1d24a2d5308&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents|journal=Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology|volume=15|pages=160-170|via=JSTOR}}</ref> |
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== Extinction == |
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Though it is unknown why exactly ''Capromeryx'' disappeared from the North American landscape, it is evident that this genus began to decline in diversity around the time of the Late [[Miocene]].<ref name=":1" /> |
Though it is unknown why exactly ''Capromeryx'' disappeared from the North American landscape, it is evident that this genus began to decline in diversity around the time of the Late [[Miocene]].<ref name=":1" /> |
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Revision as of 17:44, 4 May 2018
Article Evaluation
Article being evaluated: Smilodon
This page is organized well and has many useful images and diagrams.
One critique is that it has a lot of hyperlinks, for example it has multiple for the same thing (like Los Angeles)
I also noticed a sentence that mentions the research we just read about with Smilodon social behavior, but it is not cited at all. Perhaps this is a major revision that needs to be done, will probably mention it on the talk page.
The author(s) have keptit relatively neutural, but I think some things could use a rewrite.
Possible Format of Article Edit (Working with Lexibear)
Capromeryx
Capromeryx were genus of dwarf pronghorns (Antiliocapridae) that are now extinct but existed in North America during the Pliocene about 5 million years ago (the exact range of their presence on the landscape is still not known but the most recent fossils found are dated to 11,000 years ago).[1] The closest living relative, and only surviving member of the family is the North American Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana).[2]
Description
Capromeryx were the smallest examples of pronghorn from the family Antilocapridae. They are recognized by having two upright horns that are conical in shape (wider at the base and tapering toward the top).[3] The United States distribution of this genus includes: Arizona, California, Florida, New Mexico, Texas, and Washington. Fossils have also been found in the Mexican states of: Chihuahua, Sonara, and Baja California.[4] Many Capromeryx fossils have been found in tar pits, and juveniles are especially common. One such location is the Rancho La Brea Tar Pits in Los Angeles, where enough bones have been unearthed to produce a full skeleton sample of Capromeryx minor [5].
Much like the living pronghorns that exist today, the habitat that these animals were thought to inhabit were grassy planes with some shrubs and large trees for them to take refuge in.[1] It is still unknow what exactly they ate and how they interacted socially but it is speculated that they were similar in many ways to their living relatives, the North American Pronghorn.
Classification
Though the identification of Capromeryx often relies on the basis of tooth size and shape, the description and acceptance of the various species of Capromeryx requires the fossil presence of horn cores (the bony inner shaft of the horn).[6] Some species have not yet produced these cores and therefore have not been recognized as distinct species. Fossil specimens are instead classified by size.[7] Fossils identified as the Family Antilocapridae are similarly distributed into Genus by size, with Capromeryx being the smallest of the known Pronghorns.[8]
There are several species of Capromeryx however only four have been recognized:
- Capromeryx arizonensis
- Capromeryx furicifer
- Capromeryx tauntonensis
- Capromeryx minor
Some described but unrecognized species include:
- Capromeryx mexicana
- Capromeryx gidleyi
Discovery and species
The earliest fossil records of Capromeryx are dated to 5 million years ago, during the Pliocene, and the most recent are dated to about 11,000 years ago around the time of their extinction. The fossils over time showed a distinct change in size for the Capromeryx, as they started out with larger bodies and distinct two pronged horns with a smaller anterior prong and a large posterior prong, and evolved to become smaller with less distinct horns, where the anterior prong was barely visible due to the decreased size under the horn sheath [1][9].
The first description of C. furcifer was in 1902 by W.D. Matthew in New Mexico, but it has been found in other locations as well but by other individuals (Hay Springs, Nebraska and La Brea, California are two such locations).[3]
The first description of C. arizonensis was in 1942 by M. F. Skinner also found in New Mexico at two sites called Pearsons Mesa and Caballo.[3] These sites are described as being late Blancan which is simply a geologic timescale that refers to a North American faunal stage.[10]
James K. Morgan and Neil H. Morgan were the first to describe C. tauntonensis in 1995 in the Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. They discovered the fossils that included horn cores and teeth during a dig (from 1988 to 1992) in Blancan sediments in Adams County, Washington.[11]
Extinction
Though it is unknown why exactly Capromeryx disappeared from the North American landscape, it is evident that this genus began to decline in diversity around the time of the Late Miocene.[1]
Resources
http://library.sandiegozoo.org/factsheets/_extinct/dwarf_pronghorn_extinct/dwarf_pronghorn.htm
https://www.utep.edu/leb/pleistnm/taxamamm/Capromeryx.htm
Golden Algae - Chrysophytes
Introduction
Needs to be checked for grammatical errors and flow, also could be filled out to include a better idea of the subject matter.
Members?
This section is entirely void of citations, and I'm not exactly sure what members the original author is speaking of? Possible members of the group Golden Algae?
Description
Again, this section is largely missing citations.
Classifications
Needs more information, and in my opinion the most recent classification should be listed first.
Ecology
Needs to be fleshed out better.
Evolution
Again missing citations for large claims.
 | This is a user sandbox of Capromeryx. You can use it for testing or practicing edits. This is not the sandbox where you should draft your assigned article for a dashboard.wikiedu.org course. To find the right sandbox for your assignment, visit your Dashboard course page and follow the Sandbox Draft link for your assigned article in the My Articles section. |
This template should only be used in the user namespace.This template should only be used in the user namespace.
- ^ a b c d "Extinct Dwarf Pronghorn Fact Sheet". library.sandiegozoo.org. Retrieved 2018-04-03.
- ^ "Extinct Dwarf Pronghorn Fact Sheet". library.sandiegozoo.org. Retrieved 2018-04-16.
- ^ a b c Lucas, Spencer; Sullivan, Robert (2015). Vertebrate Paleontology in New Mexico. Albuquerque: New Mexico Museum of Natural History & Science. pp. 315–317.
- ^ "Extinct Dwarf Pronghorn Fact Sheet". library.sandiegozoo.org. Retrieved 2018-04-18.
- ^ Wyman, L.E. (1926). Notes on the Pleistocene fossils obtained from Rancho La Brea asphalt pits. Los Angeles Museum of History, Science and Art, Dept. of Natural Sciences; Rev. and amended edition. p. 29.
- ^ Stirton, R. A. (1938). "Notes on Some Late Tertiary and Pleistocene Antilocaprids". Journal of Mammalogy. 19 (3): 366–370. doi:10.2307/1374578.
- ^ "Capromeryx". www.utep.edu. Retrieved 2018-04-18.
- ^ "Antilocapridae—Pronghorns". Retrieved 2018-4-20.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=(help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - ^ E. JIMÉNEZ-HIDALGO, O. CARRANZA-CASTAÑEDA, M. MONTELLANO-BALLESTEROS. "A PLIOCENE RECORD OF CAPROMERYX (MAMMALIA: ANTILOCAPRIDAE) IN MÉXICO". Journal of Paleontology. 78.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Blancan". Wikipedia. 2018-03-15.
- ^ Morgan, James K. (March 1995). "A NEW SPECIES OF CAPROMERYX (MAMMALIA: ARTIODACTYLA) FROM THE TAUNTON LOCAL FAUNA OF WASHINGTON, AND THE CORRELATION WITH OTHER BLANCAN FAUNAS OF WASHINGTON AND IDAHO". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 15: 160–170 – via JSTOR.
{{cite journal}}: line feed character in|title=at position 53 (help)